ObjectiveTo investigate the role and mechanism of hyodeoxycholic acid （HDCA） in the progression of metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD）， and to provide a new theoretical basis for further clarifying the pathogenesis of MAFLD. MethodsL02 hepatocytes were used as experimental cells， and palmitic acid was used to induce steatosis in L02 cells. The farnesoid X receptor （FXR） siRNA interference chain technique was used to construct a hepatocyte cell line with low FXR expression. CCK8 assay was used to observe the effect of HDCA on L02 steatosis hepatocytes at different concentrations （0， 100， 200， 300， and 400 μmol/L） and time points （12， 24， 36， and 48 hours）. The method of qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of FXR， proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）， Cyclin D1， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， and protein kinase-B （AKT）， and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of FXR， Cyclin D1， PCNA， PI3K， phosphorylated PI3K （p-PI3K）， AKT， and phosphorylated （p-AKT）. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance between multiple groups， and the Tukey HSD test was used for further comparison between two groups； the Welch analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with heterogeneity of variance between multiple groups， and the Games-Howell test was used for further comparison between two groups. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison between two groups. ResultsCCK8 assay showed a significant reduction in the viability of L02 cells and steatosis hepatocytes treated by 300 μmol/L HDCA （P<0.05）， and qRT-PCR showed a significant increase in the mRNA expression level of FXR and significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of PCNA， Cyclin D1， PI3K， and AKT （all P<0.05）. Western blot showed a significant increase in the protein expression level of FRX （P<0.05）， and after interference of FXR expression in L02 cells， there were significant increases in the protein expression levels of PCNA， PI3K， p-PI3K， AKT， and p-AKT （all P<0.05）. ConclusionHDCA inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by upregulating FXR expression， thereby inducing a reduction in the viability of steatosis hepatocytes.

Objective : To analyze the effects of transglutaminase 2(TGM2) gene interference on the malignant proliferation and movement of lung cancer cells . Methods : A549 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group , shRNA⁃NC group and TGM2⁃shRNA1 group . After transfection , expression levels of TGM2 mRNA A549 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group , shRNA⁃NC group and TGM2⁃shRNA1 group . After transfection , expression levels of TGM2 mRNA clone formation assay . The proliferation activity of cells was detected by CCK⁃8 . The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometer. The invasion of cells was detected by Transwell . The number of tubule formation in each group was observed under microscope . The expression of E ⁃cadherin (E⁃cad) , N ⁃cadherin (N⁃cad) , fibronectin (FN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in each group was detected by Western blot . Results : Compared with shRNA⁃NC group , the mRNA level and protein expression of TGM2 in TGM2⁃shRNA1 group were decreased (P <0. 05) , and the rate of clone formation , proliferation activity , number of invasive cells and number of tubules formation were decreased ( P < 0. 05) . The apoptosis rate and the expression of E ⁃cad protein were increased ( P <0. 05) , while the expression of N ⁃cad , FN and VEGF protein were decreased (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion TGM2 gene silencing can inhibit the expression of VEGF protein , inhibit the malignant proliferation and invasion of A549 cells , and promote apoptosis .

Objective : To analyze the effects of miR⁃346 on alleviating cardiac function damage and oxidative stress in rats undergoing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) . Methods : A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into control group , I/R group , I/R + agomiR⁃NC group and I/R + agomiR⁃346 group. I/R model was replicated by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. The recombinant adeno⁃associated virus miR⁃346 was injected through the tail vein for overexpression intervention. After 120 minutes of reperfusion , heart rate (HR) , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) , fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) , levels of serum creatine kinase MB (CK⁃MB) , myoglobin (Mb) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) , and levels of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , glutathion peroxidase ( GSH⁃Px ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial tissues were detected. The apoptosis of myocardial tissue cells was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression of B⁃cell lymphoma/leukemia⁃2 (Bcl⁃2) gene , Bcl⁃associated x protein (Bax) , cysteine protease 3 ( Cas⁃3 ) and Cas⁃9 in myocardial tissues was detected by Western blot. Results : HR , LVEF , FS and LVWT in I/R group were lower than those in control group , the levels of serum CK⁃MB , LDH , Mb and cTnI were higher than those in control group , the expression of MDA , Bax/Bcl⁃2 , cleaved Cas⁃3/Cas⁃3 and cleaved Cas⁃9/Cas⁃9 proteins in myocardial tissues was higher than that in control group , the levels of SOD and GSH⁃px were lower than those in control group , and the apoptosis rate of myocardial tissue cells was higher than that in control group (P < 0. 05) . HR , LVEF , FS and LVWT in I/R + agomiR⁃346 group were higher than those in I/R + agomiR⁃NC group , the levels of serum CK⁃MB , LDH , Mb and cTnI were lower than those in I/R + agomiR⁃NC group , the expression of MDA , Bax/Bcl⁃2 , cleaved Cas⁃3/Cas⁃3 and cleaved Cas⁃9/Cas⁃9 proteins in myocardial tissues was lower than that in I/R + agomiR⁃NC group , the levels of SOD and GSH⁃px were higher than those in I/R + agomiR⁃NC group , and the apoptosis rate of myocardial tissue cells was lower than that in I/R + agomiR⁃NC group ( P <0. 05) . Conclusion The miR⁃346 overexpression can reduce oxidative stress level in I/R rats , alleviate myocardial tissue damage , and improve cardiac function.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of a Chinese pedigree affected with tuberculosis sclerosis and explore its molecular pathogenesis. METHODS: Clinical data of the proband and members of his pedigree were collected. Whole exome sequencing was carried out to detect variants of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes. Candidate variants was verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS: The proband and his mother, who also had mild features of tuberous sclerosis, were found to harbor a novel heterozygous c.4183C>T (p.Q1395X) variant of the TSC2 gene, which was absent in the 4 healthy relatives. Bioinformatic analysis suggested the variant to be likely pathogenic. CONCLUSION The heterozygous c.4183C>T (p.Q1395X) variant of the TSC2 gene probably underlay the disease in this pedigree. Above finding has expanded the spectrum of TSC2 gene variants. The more severe symptoms in the proband may be attributed to phenotypic heterogeneity of this disease.
China ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Tuberous Sclerosis/genetics* ; Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein/genetics*

OBJECTIVES: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical surgery has become the treatment model for locally advanced rectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of postoperative mFOLFOX6 regimen chemotherapy for locally resectable advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: This was a prospective study. A total of 82 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer admitted to Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China from February 2015 to December 2017 were selected as the subjects. The patients received 4 courses of mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy and underwent surgery within 4-6 weeks after chemotherapy. The incidences of chemotherapy-related adverse reactions, postoperative complications, and clinical pathological reactions were analyzed. RESULTS: In the period from mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy to preoperative, 82 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer was reported chemotherapy-related adverse reactions, including Grade 4 neutropenia (2.4%), catheter related infection (2.4%), and anorexia (2.4%), Grade 3 nausea (2.4%) and anorexia (2.4%), Grade 2 neutropenia (14.6%) and peripheral neuropathy (7.3%). Finally, 76 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer completed surgery, including 56 (73.7%) with anterior rectum resection, 16 (21.1%) with abdominal perineal resection, and 72 (94.7%) with pelvic nerve preservation. A total of 22 (28.9%) patients had surgical complications, including 8 (10.5%) with complications of Grade 3 or above. The complications with high incidence were intestinal obstruction, anastomotic leakage, and sepsis. Among the 76 patients who completed chemotherapy and surgery, T stage was decreased in 28 (36.8%) and N stage was decreased in 44 (57.9%); forty-two (55.3%) were in pathological Stage I, 20 (26.3%) in Stage IIA, 12 (15.8%) in Stage IIB, and 2 (2.6%) in Stage IIIA. Ten patients were suspected of tumor invasion of surrounding organs before chemotherapy, of which 4 patients did not need to extend the resection of surrounding organs after chemotherapy and achieved R0 resection of tumor; 2 in T CONCLUSIONS Preoperative mFOLFOX6 regimen chemotherapy for locally resectable advanced rectal cancer is a safe and feasible treatment strategy, and it is worthy of clinical application.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects* ; China ; Fluorouracil/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prospective Studies ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, listed as a modern refractory disease by the World Health Organization, which is difficult to recover, whereas it is easy to be attacked repeatedly. UC pathogenesis is closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gut microbiota interacts with bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan, and other metabolism, immune system, intestinal barrier, etc., which regulate each other and affect the occurrence and development of UC. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), single herb and its extracts, and formulae can effectively alleviate UC symptoms by regulating the diversity, structure, composition, and metabolites of gut microbiota. In this review, the TCM based on the regulation of gut microbiota in the treatment of UC and its related mechanism for nearly three years was summarized.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan City, China. The SARS-CoV-2 is genetically similar to the coronavirus derived from bat. The SARS-CoV-2, the SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) all belong to beta coronavirus. Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, effective antiviral drugs have become a hot issue in the world. Very little about SARS-CoV-2 is known and there is no precedent for treatment. The National Health Commission has repeatedly revised the diagnosis and treatment guide for the coronavirus disease 2019. The latest guide is "New Coronary Virus-Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Seventh Trial Version)"(short for Seventh Version of Diagnosis and Treatment Plan). But the use of antiviral drugs is still on trial and no rigorous clinical trials data is available. Hot anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs include interferon α, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine phosphate, abidol, as well as hydroxychloroquine sulfate and remdesivir. But the later 2 drugs aren't mentioned in the Seventh Version of Diagnosis and Treatment Plan.
Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To analyze the differences in social psychological characteristics of patients with different subtypes of functional dyspepsia (FD).Methods From August 2011 to July 2015,210 FD patients met Rome Ⅲ criteria were enrolled and divided into pure postprandial distress syndrome (PDS)group (69 cases),pure epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) group (74 cases) and PDS overlap EPS (PDS+ EPS) group (67 cases).Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),life event scale (LES) and Eysenck's personality questionnaire (EPQ) were used for evaluation.Chi-square test and least-significant difference were performed for statistical analysis.Results Incidence rates of depression and anxiety of PDS+EPS group were both 100.0％ (67/67),which were higher than those of pure PDS group (84.1％,58/69 and 91.3％,63/69),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =11.62 and 16.34,both P＜0.01);which were also higher than those of pure EPS group (78.4％,58/74 and 90.5％,67/74),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =6.10 and 6.67,both P＜0.05).Somatic anxiety score and mental anxiety score of PDS+ EPS group were 16.34±3.70 and 14.18±2.99,respectively;which were higher than those of pure PDS group (11.26±3.42 and 10.70±2.94) and pure EPS group (12.30 ± 4.29 and 10.36 ± 2.63),and the differences were statistically significant (t=8.33,5.97,6.85 and 8.06;all P＜0.01).The top two life events in three groups were sleeping habits alteration (67.6％,142/210) and severe disease or trauma (26.7％,56/210).The incidence rate of sleeping habits alteration in pure PDS group was 53.6 ％ (37/69),which was lower than that in pure EPSgroup (77.0％,57/74) and PDS+EPS group (71.6％,48/67),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =8.68 and 4.71,both P＜0.05).Most of P scale scores of pure PDS group,pure EPS group and PDS+EPS group were normal,most of E and L scale scores were low;most of N scale scores of pure PDS group were low,and these of pure EPS group and PDS+EPS group were normal.Conclusions The incidence of depression and anxiety of PDS+EPS group is the highest.Somatic anxiety is more obvious than mental anxiety in PDS+EPS group and pure EPS group,most with sleep events.Slow emotional response is common in pure PDS group.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the curative effect and complications between plasma radiofrequency ablation to the anterior extremity of the inferior turbinate and the treatment to the total of the inferior turbinate for the treatment of hypertrophic inferior turbinate. METHOD: One hundred and fifty-three patients were randomly divided into two groups, and all of the patients had obviously nasal obstruction due to isolated inferior turbinate hypertrophy. In the experimental group, plasma radiofrequency ablation was only applied to the anterior extremity of the inferior turbinate, whereas the whole concha was ablated in the control group. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction were obtained both before the treatment and 1 year after surgery, and during the follow-up period, their recovery of nasal mucosa and complications were evaluated. RESULT. VAS scores before and after treatment were statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.01), but decreased value of VAS scores between the two groups was insignificant (P > 0.05). Complications between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Compare to radiofrequency ablation to the total of the inferior turbinate, the application to the anterior extremity of the inferior turbinate could provide adequate curative effect. The treatment to the anterior extremity of the inferior turbinate is simpler, which induce less complications, and which is safer for there is less risk of damage of continuity of the nasal mucosa. So it has a higher clinical application value.
Adult ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Turbinates ; surgery ; Young Adult

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections ; Male ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; Quinuclidines ; therapeutic use ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; complications