Objective: To understand smoking behavior and related factors among college and middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide a technical basis for targeted tobacco control interventions. Methods: In September 2023, a total of 93 647 students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling from 12 league cities and 103 banner counties (cities districts) to conduct a questionnaire survey. The χ2 test and binary Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the current situation of adolescent smoking and its related factors. Results: The prevalence of college and middle school students who tried smoking was 10.2%, and the prevalence of current smokers was 4.4%. The binary Logistic regression model showed that students in high school, vocational high school, university, males, those from unstable family, boarders, individuals who sew someone smoking at home, at school, in public places, drinking alcohol, inhaling volatile solvents for pleasure, using cough suppressant except for coughing, using sedative without a doctors permission, being scolded by parents, experiencing school bullying, being addicted to the Internet, having depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and low selfesteem were more likely to attempt smoking and currently smoke (attempt smoking:OR=1.38, 2.59, 1.75, 3.24, 1.18, 1.43, 1.25, 1.43, 1.43, 0.79, 9.18, 1.42, 1.17, 1.65, 1.52, 1.31, 1.58, 1.41, 1.11, 1.17； current smoking:OR=1.61, 4.76, 3.76, 4.45, 1.17, 1.44, 1.27, 1.58, 1.69, 0.68, 7.99, 1.64, 1.12, 2.31, 1.48, 1.37, 1.26, 1.31, 1.35, P<0.05). Teenagers with parents who had graduated from high school and eat breakfast every day had a relatively low risk of trying and current smoking (OR=0.78, 0.83, 0.79, 0.84, 0.78, 0.68, P<0.05). Conclusions Adolescent smoking behaviours in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region exhibit obvious clustering pattern in the school setting. Associated factors includes demographic characteristics, secondhand smoke exposure, daily behaviours and substance abuse, and psychological behaviours. Schools, families and society should work together to create a smokefree environment to protect adolescents from the harms of tobacco.

【Objective】 To establish the internal quality control standard of leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cell volume in our center, so as to guide the preparation of components, strengthen the internal quality control and improve the quality of blood preparations. 【Methods】 A total of 1 523 bags of whole blood collected using two manufacturers′ leukocyte-depleted blood bags from March to August 2023 at our center were extracted. The blood before and after filtration were weighed, and the volume of whole blood collected, the volume of filtration loss and the product volume based on the formula and measured specific gravity were calculated. According to the data distribution characteristics, the reference range of leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cell volume was determined, and the differences of whole blood collection volume, filtration loss capacity and product capacity between the two manufacturers were analyzed. The quality control data of leukocyte-depleted red blood cells over the past year with the difference between another 100 bags of these cells and the reference interval were compared, and the effectiveness of reference interval was validated. 【Results】 The median whole blood collection volume in the sample size was 402.0 mL, with a median filtration loss of 42.4 mL, and an average volume of leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cells at 322.5 mL. The whole blood collection volume (A: median 404.4 mL; B: median 397.7 mL, P<0.01) and the volume of leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cell products (A: mean 331.4 mL; B: mean 312.0 mL, P<0.01) using manufacturer A′s leukocyte-depleted blood bag were both higher, with a lower filtration loss capacity (A: median 39.5 mL; B: median 46.6 mL, P<0.01). The standard deviation of the volume of leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cell was 19.6, and the reference interval was 284.1-360.9 mL. The validation samples and quality control sampling data showed no difference from the interval samples (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 According to the actual situation of our center, the volume standard of leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cells in our center is determined to be 284.1-360.9 mL.

Objective To investigate the effects of sulforaphane(SFN)in regulating the macrophage glycolysis via the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase(ALOX5)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway on the progression of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the target genes of SFN in the treatment of DN.Human proximal tubular epithelial cell line(HK-2 cells)was induced with 30 mmol/L high glucose(HG)to create an in vitro model of DN.HK-2 cells were divided into the following groups:normal glucose(NG)group,HG group,HG+SFN(3 mmol/L)group,HG+ALOX5 group,HG+SFN(3 mmol/L)+ALOX5 group,HG-treated macrophages+HK-2 group,HG+SFN(3 mmol/L)treated macrophages s+HK-2 group,HG+ALOX5 transfection treated macrophages+HK-2 group,HG+SFN(3 mmol/L)+ALOX5 transfection treated macrophages+HK-2 group.CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability,Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)method was used to detect cell apoptosis;glucose and lactate levels in the cells were measured using assay kits;Western blot was performed to detect the expression of ALOX5,NF-κB,and glycolysis-related proteins hexokinase-2(HK2),pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2),glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)in each group.Diabetic nephropathy(DN)mouse models were established using streptozotocin(STZ)and treated with SFN(0.5 mg/kg).Various biochemical parameters were measured in the mice,and kidney tissue pathology was examined using H&E staining.Western blot was used to detect the expression of glycolysis-related proteins(HK2,PKM2,GLUT1)in kidney macrophages.Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed ALOX5 as the target gene of SFN in treating DN.Compared to the HG group,SFN treatment enhanced HK-2 cell viability and in-hibited apoptosis(P<0.05);concurrently,SFN treatment suppressed HG-induced macrophage glycolysis-related protein and attenuated macrophage-mediated HK-2 cellular injury(P<0.05).Western blot results showed that SFN inhibited the expression of ALOX5 and NF-κB(P<0.05).The mouse experiment results showed that SFN treatment improved kidney function and pathological changes in the kidney of DN mice,and inhibited the related protein expression of acrophage glycolysis in kidney tissue(P<0.05).Conclusion SFN improves the progression of DN by inhibiting the expression of macrophage glycolysis-related protein through the ALOX5/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of daratumumab as a maintenance treatment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) .Methods:The clinical data, hematological and renal response, and safety of 15 post-transplant patients with NDMM who had received daratumumab maintenance between May 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Fifteen patients (11 males and 4 females) with a median age of 58 (41-72) years were included. Thirteen patients did not receive daratumumab during induction therapy and auto-HSCT, 6 patients had renal impairment, and nine patients had high-risk cytogenetics. The median infusion of daratumumab was 12 (6-17) times, and the median duration of maintenance was 6 (1.5-12) months. The treatment efficacy was evaluated in all 15 patients, and daratumumab maintenance therapy increased the rate of stringent complete response from 40% to 60%. The renal response rate and median estimated glomerular filtration rate of six patients with RI-NDMM were also improved. During daratumumab maintenance therapy, the most common hematological grade 3 adverse event (AE) was lymphopenia [4 of 15 patients (26.67%) ], whereas the most common nonhematologic AEs were infusion-related reactions [7 of 15 patients (46.67%) ] and grade 3 pneumonia [5 of 15 patients (33.33%) ]. The five patients with pneumonia were daratumumab naive [5 of 13 patients (38.46%) ], with a median of 8 (6-10) infusions. Among them, the chest computed tomography of three patients showed interstitial infiltrates, and treatment with methylprednisolone was effective. With a median follow-up of 12 months, the 1-year overall survival rate was 93.33%, and only one patient died (which was not related to daratumumab treatment) .Conclusions:Daratumumab was safe and effective as a maintenance agent for post-auto-HSCT patients with NDMM, and AEs were controllable. The most common nonhematologic AE was grade 3 pneumonia, and a less dose-intense maintenance regimen for the first 8 weeks could reduce the incidence of pneumonia.

Objective:To explore the effect of play-based communication and behavior intervention (PCBI) on internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods:From November 2018 to November 2021, 90 ASD children aged 8-30 months who registered in the Child Mental Health Research Center of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University for PCBI ultra-early intervention training were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention group( n=60) and the waiting group( n=30) according to the ratio of 2∶1.Behavioral videos of free play between children and caregivers were collected before and after the 12-week intervention and the behavioral observation and analysis system (Observer XT) was used to code the parent-child interaction status and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors.SPSS 23.0 statistical software were used and the data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Results:After the intervention, the children in the intervention group had improved internalizing and externalizing behaviors (2.43±2.22, 1.88±1.91) compared with those before the intervention (4.82±3.37, 3.68±5.68), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.66, 2.60, both P<0.05). The children in the waiting group had no significant difference in internalizing and externalizing behaviors before (4.23±2.47, 4.00±2.18) and after intervention (4.37±2.57, 4.67±3.72) ( t=-0.23, -0.83, both P>0.05). After intervention, the children in the intervention group had fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviors than those in the waiting group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.70, -4.71, both P<0.05). The differences in internalizing behaviors (2.38±3.96, 1.80±5.37) and externalizing behaviors (1.80±5.37, -0.67±4.38) between the two groups before and after the intervention were statistically significant ( t=3.03, 2.18, both P<0.05). The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the negative interaction of caregivers ( β=0.29, P<0.01) was a risk factor for internalizing behaviors.The negative interaction of children ( β=0.45, P<0.01) was a risk factor for externalizing behaviors, and the child's object status ( β=-0.30, P<0.01) and binary interaction ( β=-0.39, P<0.01) were protective factors for externalizing behaviors.In the intervention group, active child interaction, active caregiver interaction, and binary interaction increased after the intervention ( t=-6.77, -4.58, -7.72, all P<0.05), while the child's object status and the caregiver's negative interaction decreased ( t=3.37, 4.30, both P<0.05). Conclusion:The PCBI ultra-early intervention can effectively improve the internalizing and externalizing behaviors of ASD children.Improvements in internalizing behaviors may work by reducing negative caregiver interactions, and improvements in externalizing behaviors may work by increasing parent-child binary interactions.

Transcription factor-based biosensors (TFBs) play an essential role in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. TFBs sense the metabolite concentration signals and convert them into specific signal output. They hold high sensitivity, strong specificity, brief analysis speed, and are widely used in response to target metabolites. Here we reviewe the principles of TFBs, the application examples, and challenges faced in recent years in microbial cells, including detecting target metabolite concentrations, high-throughput screening, adaptive laboratory evolutionary selection, and dynamic control. Simultaneously, to overcome the challenges in the application, we also focus on reviewing the performance tuning strategies of TFBs, mainly including traditional and computer-aided tuning strategies. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges that TFBs may face in practical applications, and propose the future research trend.
Biosensing Techniques ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Metabolic Engineering ; Synthetic Biology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

【Objective】 To explore the difference of total protein (TP) content, coagulation factor VIII (FⅧ) activity and Fib content in different common plasma products, and to further provide basis for the establishment and refinement of relevant quality standards of common plasma products. 【Methods】 Samples involved in the experiment included frozen plasma and cryoprecipitated frozen plasma derived from whole blood and eukocyte-depleted whole blood. The TP content determination was carried out by biuret method. The FⅧ activity (FⅧ: C) and Fib content were determined by coagulation method. 【Results】 The TP content( g/L) in frozen plasma and cryoprecipitated frozen plasma derived from whole blood and eukocyte-depleted whole blood were 59.64±4.78 vs 58.09±4.1 vs 52.20±3.57 vs 51.89±1.50, respectively, and the FⅧ: C( %) were 109.63±43.38 vs 27.06±7.09 vs 71.83±21.64 vs 21.66±3.86,, and the Fib content (g/L) were 2.19±0.39 vs 1.30±0.24 vs 2.04±0.37 vs1.22±0.15, respectively. There was a significant difference in TP content between other common plasma products (P<0.05) while similar between frozen plasma and cryoprecipitated frozen plasma derived from eukocyte-depleted whole blood (P>0.05). There was significant difference in FⅧ: C among four common plasma products (P<0.05). The Fib content of cryoprecipitated frozen plasma was significantly lower than that of frozen blood, and there was no significant difference in Fib content among other common plasma products (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The TP content and FⅧ: C of common plasma products are closely related to the initial blood and preparation process. It is suggested that the quality standard of common plasma products should be further refined, and the establishment of cryoprecipitated frozen plasma relevant quality standard and clinical indications should be considered.

Objective To analyze the causes of visual impaired and explore the visual improvement with aids,application effects and problems.Methods A series of cases study was adopted.Seven hundred and ninetyseven patients with visual impairment were selected from January 2012 to December 2016 in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital.The etiological analysis,visual function evaluation and visual aids fitting were performed for 797 patients with visual impairment.After 6 months,400 patients were randomly selected for follow-up,and application effects,daily use time and the reasons for abandon were evaluated and analyzed.This study followed the Helsinki declaration and was approved by Ethic Committee of the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital.Results The causes for top three in 797 visual impairment patients were high myopia,congenital eye diseases and diabetic retinopathy respectively.With distant optical visual aids,distance vision of the patients was significantly improved.Thereinto,66.3％ patients used visual aids occasionally every day.The overall effective rate of visual aids fitting was 86.92％,the efficiency of electronic visual aids is obviously higher than that of other near optical visual aids,and the use effect evaluation of electronic aids is also the best.It is found that poor vision,inconvenient use and inability to use are common influencing factors,among which poor vision is the main reason.Conclusions High myopia has become the leading cause of visual impairment.Professional visual aids fitting can greatly improve residual vision and effectiveness of visual aids.During the process of application,most of the patients usually don't use the devices for longer duration due to severe eye diseases.Once visual aids meet the patients' visual demands in a certain,they work effectively.

Objective To construct a cardiovascular surgery nursing service action plan system based on patient's demand so as to provide a reference for nurse specialisms of cardiovascular surgery to provide good service for patients.Methods From January 2017 to June 2017, patients of cardiovascular surgery of a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital were investigated with the self-designed patients' demand for nursing service questionnaire according to literature analysis and interview results of patients. Weights of the primary index and secondary index were calculated by analytic hierarchy process so as to construct a cardiovascular surgery nursing service action plan system based on patient's demand.Results The cardiovascular surgery nursing service action plan system based on patient's demand included 5 primary indexes and 78 secondary indexes. The Cronbach's α of patients' demand for nursing service questionnaire was 0.974 with a good internal consistency. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) was 0.843, andP value of Bartlett sphericity test was less than 0.001 with a good construct validity. The normalized weight coefficients of 5 primary indexes (physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs) were 0.2205, 0.4798, 0.0771, 0.1339 and 0.0887 respectively with 0.0488 for the consistency ratio (CR). TheCR of 21 secondary indexes of physiological needs, 19 secondary indexes of safety needs, 11 secondary indexes of belongingness and love needs, 20 secondary indexes of self-esteem needs and 7 secondary indexes of self-actualization needs was 0.0488, 0.0508, 0.0823, 0.0877 and 0.0746 respectively. TheCR was all less than 0.1 showed a satisfactory consistency in the results of hierarchy sequencing.Conclusions The construction of cardiovascular surgerynursing service action plan system based on patient's demand with the strict scientific method improves patient satisfaction. It is worth to be a reference for nursing peers and managers of cardiovascular surgery.

AIM:To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+induced by angiotensin II ( Ang II) in the primarily cultured medullary neurons .METHODS:Primarily cultured me-dullary neurons were prepared from 14-day-old embryos of Sprague-Dawley rats in the study .The identification of medullary neurons was assessed by double-labeling immunofluorescence .To explore the role of ROS , mainly the superoxide ( O2 ·-) , the O2 ·-generation was measured using the fluorogenic probe dihydroethidium ( DHE) .To determine intracellular free cal-cium concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) , the neurons were loaded with the Ca 2+-specific dye Fura-2/AM.The cell viability after adding Ang II was also examined using CCK-8 assay.RESULTS:Most of the cultured cells were medullary neurons , more than 80%of which were glutamate positive neurons .Ang II (5 μmol/L) increased the level of ROS within 10 min in the medullary neurons .Ang II at 5μmol/L induced a significant [ Ca2+] i increase in the medullary neurons , and the effect of Ang II occurred rapidly and reached a peak within 20 min after administration.The level of [Ca2+]i started to decline after washout .The Ca2+elevation induced by Ang II was significantly decreased by apocynin or TEMPOL .No significant differ-ence in the cell viability between control group and 5μmol/L Ang II treatment group was observed .CONCLUSION:ROS is involved in the regulation of [Ca2+]i induced by Ang II in the primarily cultured medullary neurons , suggesting a poten-tial intracellular signaling mechanism involved in the Ang II-mediated oxidant regulation of central neural control of blood pressure.