Objective To investigate the association between preoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and acute kidney injury(AKI)after liver transplantation(LT),to clarify the influencing factors for AKI after liver transplantation,and to provide diagnostic reference indicators for the early prevention of AKI after LT.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical records of the adult patients who underwent LT in The First Hospital of Jilin University from September 13,2020 to June 30,2022,and according to the presence or absence of AKI after LT,the patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group.The propensity score matching(PSM)method was used to match the basic information of the two groups at a ratio of 1∶4.The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups,and the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for AKI after LT.Results A total of 144 patients were included in this study,among whom 22(15.3%)developed AKI after surgery and 122(84.7%)did not develop postoperative AKI.A total of 93 patients were included after PSM,with 19 patients in the AKI group and 74 patients in the non-AKI group.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative NT-proBNP(odds ratio[OR]=7.692,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.473-40.159,P=0.016),preoperative fibrinogen level(OR=5.520,95%CI:1.160-26.267,P=0.032),time of operation(OR=15.802,95%CI:2.418-103.268,P=0.004),and intraoperative blood loss(OR=13.246,95%CI:2.291-76.594,P=0.004)were independent risk factors for AKI after LT.Conclusion Preoperative NT-proBNP level may be used as a predictive factor for AKI after LT and can provide a certain reference for establishing a risk predictive model for AKI after LT.