Panax notoginseng is the dried root and rhizome of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen,a perennial erect herb of the genus Ginseng of the family Wujiaceae.As a traditional Chinese medicine in our country,Panax notoginseng has a good tonic effect,and the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicines has the words that Panax notoginseng is used to tonify the blood,remove the blood stasis and damage,and stop epistaxis.It can also be used to pass the blood and tonify the blood with the best efficacy,and it is the most precious one of the prescription med-icines.Eaten raw,it removes blood stasis and generates new blood,subdues swelling and stabilizes pain,stops bleeding with-out leaving stasis,and promotes blood circulation without hurting the new blood;taken cooked,it can be used to replenish and strengthen the body.Notoginsenoside R1 is a characteristic com-pound in the total saponin of Panax ginseng.In recent years,China's aging has been increasing,and the incidence of neuro-logical disorders has been increasing year by year.Meanwhile,reports on notoginsenoside R1 in the treatment of neurological disorders are increasing,and its neuroprotective effects have been exerted with precise efficacy.The purpose of this paper is to review the treatment of neurological diseases and the mecha-nism of action of notoginsenoside R1,so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for clinical use and new drug development.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression pattern and clinical significance of Integral membrane protein 2A（ITM2A） in drug resistant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). METHODS: The expression of ITM2A in CML was evaluated by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. In order to understand the possible biological effects of ITM2A, apoptosis, cell cycle and myeloid differentiation antigen expression of CML cells were detected by flow cytometry after over-expression of ITM2A. The nuderlying molecular mechanism of its biological effect was explored. RESULTS: The expression of ITM2A in bone marrow of CML resistant patients was significantly lower than that of sensitive patients and healthy donors（P<0.05）. The CML resistant strain cell K562R was successfully constructed in vitro. The expression of ITM2A in the resistant strain was significantly lower than that in the sensitive strain(P<0.05). Overexpression of ITM2A in K562R cells increased the sensitivity of K562R cells to imatinib and blocked the cell cycle in G₂ phase(P<0.05), but did not affect myeloid differentiation. Mechanistically, up-regulation of ITM2A reduced phosphorylation in ERK signaling (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of ITM2A was low in patients with drug resistance of CML, and the low expression of ITM2A may be the key factor of imatinib resistance in CML.
Humans ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology* ; Apoptosis ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use* ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy* ; Signal Transduction

This study aims to investigate the effect of modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) signaling pathway in gastric tissue of rats with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Sixty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly assigned into the normal group, model group, Moluo Pills group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose groups of modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder.The rats in other groups except the normal group were treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) to establish the CAG model.After 12 weeks of modeling, the rats in each group were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 8 weeks.After the last administration, the histopathological changes of rat gastric mucosa were observed via hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The mRNA levels of SOCS3 and TLR4 were determined by real-time PCR.The protein levels of SOCS3, TLR4, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in rat gastric tissue were measured by Western blot.Immunohistochemical method was employed to determine the protein levels of NF-κB, MyD88, NLRP3, Bcl-2, Bax, and Bad in rat gastric tissue.The results showed that modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder alleviated gastric mucosal atrophy of rats, significantly lowered the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in rat serum, up-regulated the mRNA level of SOCS3, and down-regulated the mRNA level of TLR4 in rat gastric tissue.Furthermore, modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder up-regulated the protein level of SOCS3, down-regulated the protein levels of TLR4, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, NF-κB, MyD88, NLRP3, Bax, and Bad, and promoted the expression of Bcl-2 protein.Therefore, modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder may mitigate the gastric mucosal atrophy of rats by regulating the SOCS3/TLR4 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Gastritis, Atrophic/genetics* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Powders ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism*

Objective: To understand the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis and related factors among cross-border couples in Mangshi county, Dehong autonomous prefecture, Yunnan province. Methods: From May, 2017 to April, 2019, 2 500 couples with 5 000 cross-border marriages were selected by using cluster sampling method. The demographic characteristics, AIDS-related health services, HIV, HCV, syphilis infection and other information were collected through questionnaires and laboratory tests. The influencing factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 500 couples with cross-border marriage were investigated, among which 2 438 (97.5%) couples were Chinese men with Myanmar women. The average age of 5 000 participants was (34.16±9.00) years. Most of them were minority groups (59.9%), farmers (98.5%), education years ≤6 years (81.4%), marriage years>3 years (80.0%), and from mountainous areas (61.7%). The HIV prevalence of Chinese and Myanmar populations was 1.7% (43/2 500) and 2.0% (49/2 500), respectively. The HCV infection rates were 2.0% (49/2 500) and 1.3% (32/2 500), respectively and the infection rates of syphilis were 0.4% (10/2 500) and 0.2% (4/2 500), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of three diseases among Chinese and Myanmar populations (P>0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that compared with those aged ≤ 30 years, having lower AIDS awareness, never receiving HIV testing, without HCV and syphilis infection, HIV prevalence was higher among those aged>30 years (OR=3.21, 95%CI: 1.80-5.73), having higher AIDS awareness (OR=17.41, 95%CI: 4.27-70.91), receiving HIV testing (OR=4.93, 95%CI: 2.72-8.92), with HCV infection (OR=5.64, 95%CI: 2.72-11.70) and syphilis infection (OR=8.37, 95%CI: 1.63-43.08). Compared with those aged ≤ 30 years, having marriage years ≤ 3 years, and with HIV negatives, HCV infection rate was higher among those age>30 years (OR=3.02, 95%CI: 1.69-5.38), having marriage years>3 years (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.34-3.74), and with HIV positives (OR=6.69, 95%CI: 3.29-13.59). Compared with those having HIV negatives, the syphilis infection rate was relatively higher among participants with HIV positives (OR=9.07, 95%CI: 2.00-41.10). Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis among cross-border couples in Mangshi county, Dehong autonomous prefecture of Yunnan province is relatively high. Age, AIDS awareness, HIV testing history, and the length of marriage are associated with the HIV, HCV, and syphilis infection.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Syphilis/epidemiology*

Objective:To explore the application and effect of the teaching of standardized residency training based on the skill module tutorial system.Methods:Through the selection and employment of skill module tutorial system, 45 pediatric residents of batch 2016 in Hunan Children's Hospital were trained from such aspects of their professional theoretical knowledge, the skill operation ability and comprehensive ability were compared and analyzed. In addition, through the questionnaire survey, the training residents gave feedback to the skill mentors, and the passing rates of graduation skills examination in 2017, 2018 and 2019 of Pediatric residents in our hospital were analyzed and compared. T test and chi-square test were performed by SPSS 17.0.Results:After the training of the skill module tutorial system, the professional theoretical knowledge score (86.45±7.59), skill operation score (89.78±6.04) and comprehensive ability score (84.09±8.43) were significantly higher than those before the training ( P<0.05). The passing rate of the first graduation skills examination in 2019 was 93.33%, which was significantly higher than 57.14% in 2017, with a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=28.45, P<0.01), compared with the rate of 2018(80.00%), which also had a statistical difference ( χ2=6.365, P<0.05). Conclusion:The training method of skill module tutorial system is not only helpful to rapidly improve the professional skills and post competency for the residents, but also benefit for training of teachers and improvement of their comprehensive quality, which is worth popularizing and applying.

Objective: Moxifloxacin (MFX) shows good activity against and can be a possible antibiotic therapy to treat infection; however, other studies have shown a lower or no activity. We aimed to evaluate MFX activity against using zebrafish (ZF) model . Methods: A formulation of labeled with CM-Dil was micro-injected into ZF. Survival curves were determined by recording dead ZF every day. ZF were lysed, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Bacteria dissemination and fluorescence intensity in ZF were analyzed. Inhibition rates of MFX and azithromycin (AZM, positive control) were determined and compared. Results: Significantly increased survival rate was observed with different AZM concentrations. However, increasing MFX concentration did not result in a significant decrease in ZF survival curve. No significant differences in bacterial burdens by CFU loads were observed between AZM and MFX groups at various concentrations. Bacterial fluorescence intensity in ZF was significantly correlated with AZM concentration. However, with increasing MFX concentration, fluorescence intensity decreased slightly when observed under fluorescence microscope. Transferring rates at various concentrations were comparable between the MFX and AZM groups, with no significant difference. Conclusion MFX showed limited efficacy against using ZF model. Its activity needs to be confirmed.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Moxifloxacin ; pharmacology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; drug therapy ; Mycobacterium abscessus ; drug effects ; Zebrafish

Objective　Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the complications of diabetes, which is closely related to the change of miRNA. In this study, we observed the characteristic expression of miR-26b in the tissues of the C57BL/6J mouse and in the heart, adipose tissue and liver of the ob/ob mouse, and investigated the effect of high glucose (Glu) on the expression of miR-26b in H9C2 cardiomyocytes.　Methods　Using RT-PCR, we measured the levels of miR-26b in the heart, adipose tissue, liver and other tissues of C57BL/6J and ob/ob mice. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with Glu at 5.5, 15, 25 and 35 mmol/L for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours, followed by detection of the proliferation of cardiomyocytes by CCK-8 and determination of thelevels miR-26b.　Results　The expression of miR-26b was the highest in the heart of the C57BL/6J mice, significantly higher than in the cardiac and white adipose tissues of the ob/ob mice (P < 0.05). The proliferation of cardiomyocytes was markedly increased in the 15, 25 and 35 mmol/L Glu groups at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours as compared with that in the 5.5 mmol/L Glu group (P < 0.05), higher in the 25 than in the 15 mmol/L Glu group at 24 hours (0.74±0.02 vs 0.72±0.01, P<0.05), but lower in the 35 than in the 15 mmol/L Glu group at 48 hours (0.92±0.01 vs 0.94±0.01, P<0.05), in the 25 and 35 mmol/L Glu groups at 96 hours (P < 0.05), in the 35 mmol/L Glu group at 120 hours (1.12±0.02 vs 1.19±0.05, P<0.05), in the 35 than in the 25 mmol/L Glu group at 24 and 48 hours (P<0.05). The expression of miR-26b in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes was significantly down-regulated in the 25 and 35 mmol/L Glu groups in comparison with that in the 5.5 mmol/L Glu group (P<0.05), remarkably lower in the 25 mmol/L Glu group at 96 and 120 hours than at 0 hour (P<0.05).　Conclusion　High glucose can down-regulate the expression of miR-26b in H9C2 cardiomyocytes, which suggests that miR-26b may participate in the pathogenesis of DCM.

AIM To investigate the protective effect of serum containing Shenshuaikang Enema Liquid (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Carthami Flos,Astragali Radix) on HK-2 cells injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and its effect on Wnt/β-catenin pathway.MEHTODS Six New Zealand white rabbits randomly divided into control group,Shenshuaikang high dose group and PBS group (n =2) were treated accordingly for serum collection after 3 days' enema.The HK-2 cells injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation were then administered with serum of rabbits from the control group,PBS group,Shenshuaikang groups (high dose,middle dose and low dose groups due to the differently diluted concentrations) respectively.The H/R damage was determined by ROS fluorescence probe,the cellular damage/apoptosis were analyzed by CFSE/PI method and flow cytometry combined with Annexin V-FITC/PI,and the investigation on effects of drugs on expression of Wnt4 mRNA and β-catenin mRNA were accomplished by fluorescence quantitative PCR.RESULTS The fluorescence intensity of intracellular ROS expression was significantly increased after modeling.CFSE/PI double staining showed that the variant Shenshuaikang dose groups displayed obvious proportional mortality superiority to either the control group or PBS group,and the high dose group achieved the lowest mortality.Annexin V-FITC/PI and flow cytometry showed that,at 12 h,compared with the control group (45.6 ± 2.2)％ and PBS group (41.6 ±0.7) ％,Shenshuaikang groups [low dose group (14.8 ± 0.3) ％,middle dose group (10.3 ± 0.6) ％,high dose group (12.9 ± 0.9)％] obviously inhibited apoptosis/death.Shenshuaikang Enema Liquid medicated serum demonstrated its significant effect on the increase of the Wnt4 mRNA expression and a dual-directional regulation on the expression of β-caterin mRNA by quantitative PCR (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION Inhibition of the apoptosis/death of HK-2 cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation injury due to the serum containing Shenshuaikang Enema Liquid suggests the agent's influence on the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

The ecological agriculture of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is generally acknowledged as the most advanced agricultural mode. However, it's still a doubt whether ecological agriculture could be widely applied in TCM agriculture. In this study, we first analyze both the differences and relationships between ecological and organic agriculture, which suggesting that ecological agriculture does not need all the inputs as traditional agriculture. After introducing the situation of ecological agriculture from all across the world, we analyze the differences and characteristics between ecological and chemical agricultures. Considered with the big challenge caused by chemical agriculture, we pointed out that ecological agriculture could definitely replace chemical agriculture. Last but not the least, combined with the situation and problems of Chinese agriculture, we analyze the distinctive advantages of TCM ecological agriculture from 3 aspects as its unique quality characteristics, its unique habitat requirements in production and its unique application and market characteristics, respectively. In conclusion, ecological agriculture is the straight way of TCM agriculture.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in vitro. The levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The plasma norepinephrine level of severe group was significantly higher than the mild group in children with EV71 infection in HFMD (P < 0.05); however, the levels of plasma adrenaline in two groups had no statistical differences (P > 0.05); There was no significant difference in the distribution of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C genotype and allele between EV71 infection group and healthy control group (P > 0.05). Further analysis of EV71 infection group by dividing it into mild and severe groups showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele between these two groups as well (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different genotypes of EV71 infection group (P > 0.05), and in the levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the mild and severe groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions As the disease gets worse, the plasma norepinephrine level has a rising trend in children with EV71 infection in HFMD, which is an important indicator to evaluate the progress of the disease. However, the gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C have no significant correlation, not only with the susceptibility and severity of EV71 infection in hand, foot and mouth disease, but also with the levels of catecholamine.