This study examined the effects of Healing Beats on anxiety, stress, and well-being in hemodialysis patients, exploring its potential as an intervention to improve these outcomes. Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 65 hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, divided into the Healing Beats group (HBG, 21 participants), preferred music group (PMG, 22 participants), and control group (CG, 22 participants). The HBG was exposed to music synchronized with their heartbeats during each dialysis session, while the PMG listened to music of their own selection. The CG received no music intervention. State anxiety, subjective stress, stress indices, and well-being were assessed before and after the experimental intervention. Results: The application of Healing Beats had a positive effect on the stress index of hemodialysis patients, with statistically significant differences between the three groups (F = 4.60, p < .001). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of anxiety and well-being across the groups after the intervention. Conclusion: Although hemodialysis patients have notably high stress levels, the application of Healing Beats and preferred music demonstrated limitations in alleviating anxiety and enhancing well-being. Although Healing Beats proved effective in reducing the stress index, it did not yield significant improvements in subjective stress, anxiety, or well-being. Further research is required to confirm these findings and explore potential refinements in the intervention.

Purpose: This study developed a thermoelectric element (TEE) tourniquet integrating a tourniquet with a temperature control device capable of delivering heat or cold therapy. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the TEE tourniquet on pain, stress, and satisfaction during venipuncture. Methods: In total, 118 hospitalized adults were randomly assigned to heat therapy (40~45°C), cold therapy (0~10°C), thermal grill illusion therapy (alternating heat and cold), or the control group. The TEE tourniquet was applied 10 cm above the puncture site. A temperature intervention began 5 seconds before cannulation and was maintained during the procedure, typically lasting 10 to 30 seconds. The control group received the TEE tourniquet without temperature activation. Outcomes included perceived pain and stress (numerical rating scale), observed pain (Wong-Baker FACES), SpO2, stress index, and participant satisfaction. Results: Significant differences were found among groups in perceived pain (F = 4.82, p = .003), observed pain (F = 5.50, p = .001), and perceived stress (F = 4.72, p = .004). The heat therapy group reported significantly lower pain and stress than the control group. No significant differences were found in SpO₂, the stress index, or satisfaction. Conclusion Heat therapy via the TEE tourniquet significantly reduced venipuncture-related pain and stress. Given its short application time and usability, this device may serve as a clinically useful nursing intervention to improve comfort during invasive procedures.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an intervention combining warm therapy (via a thermoelectric-element tourniquet) and a distraction-based approach (via an augmented reality-based app known as TWINKLE) on pain, stress, and satisfaction during intravenous catheterization in adults. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in South Korea with 93 healthy adults who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the experimental group (TWINKLE app with warm therapy), the comparison group (warm therapy only), and the control group (no treatment). Participants’ pain, stress, and satisfaction, as well as practitioner satisfaction, were measured after the intervention. Results: Pain scores differed significantly among the three groups (F = 5.68, p = .005), with the experimental group showing significantly lower scores than the control group (p = .003). Stress levels were also significantly lower in the experimental group than in the other groups (F = 9.42, p < .001). Participant satisfaction was highest in the experimental group (F = 17.65, p < .001), while nurse satisfaction was significantly higher in the comparison group than in the experimental and control groups (F = 67.91, p < .001), suggesting that the additional distraction intervention may have increased nurses’ workload. Conclusion Combining digital distraction with warm therapy using a thermoelectric-element tourniquet effectively reduces pain and stress while improving patient satisfaction during intravenous catheterization. Further research is needed to optimize this approach, with a particular focus on targeting digital distraction interventions to patients with higher levels of procedural anxiety and finding ways to minimize practitioner workload.

This study examined the effects of Healing Beats on anxiety, stress, and well-being in hemodialysis patients, exploring its potential as an intervention to improve these outcomes. Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 65 hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, divided into the Healing Beats group (HBG, 21 participants), preferred music group (PMG, 22 participants), and control group (CG, 22 participants). The HBG was exposed to music synchronized with their heartbeats during each dialysis session, while the PMG listened to music of their own selection. The CG received no music intervention. State anxiety, subjective stress, stress indices, and well-being were assessed before and after the experimental intervention. Results: The application of Healing Beats had a positive effect on the stress index of hemodialysis patients, with statistically significant differences between the three groups (F = 4.60, p < .001). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of anxiety and well-being across the groups after the intervention. Conclusion: Although hemodialysis patients have notably high stress levels, the application of Healing Beats and preferred music demonstrated limitations in alleviating anxiety and enhancing well-being. Although Healing Beats proved effective in reducing the stress index, it did not yield significant improvements in subjective stress, anxiety, or well-being. Further research is required to confirm these findings and explore potential refinements in the intervention.

Purpose: This study developed a thermoelectric element (TEE) tourniquet integrating a tourniquet with a temperature control device capable of delivering heat or cold therapy. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the TEE tourniquet on pain, stress, and satisfaction during venipuncture. Methods: In total, 118 hospitalized adults were randomly assigned to heat therapy (40~45°C), cold therapy (0~10°C), thermal grill illusion therapy (alternating heat and cold), or the control group. The TEE tourniquet was applied 10 cm above the puncture site. A temperature intervention began 5 seconds before cannulation and was maintained during the procedure, typically lasting 10 to 30 seconds. The control group received the TEE tourniquet without temperature activation. Outcomes included perceived pain and stress (numerical rating scale), observed pain (Wong-Baker FACES), SpO2, stress index, and participant satisfaction. Results: Significant differences were found among groups in perceived pain (F = 4.82, p = .003), observed pain (F = 5.50, p = .001), and perceived stress (F = 4.72, p = .004). The heat therapy group reported significantly lower pain and stress than the control group. No significant differences were found in SpO₂, the stress index, or satisfaction. Conclusion Heat therapy via the TEE tourniquet significantly reduced venipuncture-related pain and stress. Given its short application time and usability, this device may serve as a clinically useful nursing intervention to improve comfort during invasive procedures.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an intervention combining warm therapy (via a thermoelectric-element tourniquet) and a distraction-based approach (via an augmented reality-based app known as TWINKLE) on pain, stress, and satisfaction during intravenous catheterization in adults. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in South Korea with 93 healthy adults who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the experimental group (TWINKLE app with warm therapy), the comparison group (warm therapy only), and the control group (no treatment). Participants’ pain, stress, and satisfaction, as well as practitioner satisfaction, were measured after the intervention. Results: Pain scores differed significantly among the three groups (F = 5.68, p = .005), with the experimental group showing significantly lower scores than the control group (p = .003). Stress levels were also significantly lower in the experimental group than in the other groups (F = 9.42, p < .001). Participant satisfaction was highest in the experimental group (F = 17.65, p < .001), while nurse satisfaction was significantly higher in the comparison group than in the experimental and control groups (F = 67.91, p < .001), suggesting that the additional distraction intervention may have increased nurses’ workload. Conclusion Combining digital distraction with warm therapy using a thermoelectric-element tourniquet effectively reduces pain and stress while improving patient satisfaction during intravenous catheterization. Further research is needed to optimize this approach, with a particular focus on targeting digital distraction interventions to patients with higher levels of procedural anxiety and finding ways to minimize practitioner workload.

This study examined the effects of Healing Beats on anxiety, stress, and well-being in hemodialysis patients, exploring its potential as an intervention to improve these outcomes. Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 65 hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, divided into the Healing Beats group (HBG, 21 participants), preferred music group (PMG, 22 participants), and control group (CG, 22 participants). The HBG was exposed to music synchronized with their heartbeats during each dialysis session, while the PMG listened to music of their own selection. The CG received no music intervention. State anxiety, subjective stress, stress indices, and well-being were assessed before and after the experimental intervention. Results: The application of Healing Beats had a positive effect on the stress index of hemodialysis patients, with statistically significant differences between the three groups (F = 4.60, p < .001). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of anxiety and well-being across the groups after the intervention. Conclusion: Although hemodialysis patients have notably high stress levels, the application of Healing Beats and preferred music demonstrated limitations in alleviating anxiety and enhancing well-being. Although Healing Beats proved effective in reducing the stress index, it did not yield significant improvements in subjective stress, anxiety, or well-being. Further research is required to confirm these findings and explore potential refinements in the intervention.

Purpose: This study developed a thermoelectric element (TEE) tourniquet integrating a tourniquet with a temperature control device capable of delivering heat or cold therapy. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the TEE tourniquet on pain, stress, and satisfaction during venipuncture. Methods: In total, 118 hospitalized adults were randomly assigned to heat therapy (40~45°C), cold therapy (0~10°C), thermal grill illusion therapy (alternating heat and cold), or the control group. The TEE tourniquet was applied 10 cm above the puncture site. A temperature intervention began 5 seconds before cannulation and was maintained during the procedure, typically lasting 10 to 30 seconds. The control group received the TEE tourniquet without temperature activation. Outcomes included perceived pain and stress (numerical rating scale), observed pain (Wong-Baker FACES), SpO2, stress index, and participant satisfaction. Results: Significant differences were found among groups in perceived pain (F = 4.82, p = .003), observed pain (F = 5.50, p = .001), and perceived stress (F = 4.72, p = .004). The heat therapy group reported significantly lower pain and stress than the control group. No significant differences were found in SpO₂, the stress index, or satisfaction. Conclusion Heat therapy via the TEE tourniquet significantly reduced venipuncture-related pain and stress. Given its short application time and usability, this device may serve as a clinically useful nursing intervention to improve comfort during invasive procedures.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an intervention combining warm therapy (via a thermoelectric-element tourniquet) and a distraction-based approach (via an augmented reality-based app known as TWINKLE) on pain, stress, and satisfaction during intravenous catheterization in adults. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in South Korea with 93 healthy adults who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the experimental group (TWINKLE app with warm therapy), the comparison group (warm therapy only), and the control group (no treatment). Participants’ pain, stress, and satisfaction, as well as practitioner satisfaction, were measured after the intervention. Results: Pain scores differed significantly among the three groups (F = 5.68, p = .005), with the experimental group showing significantly lower scores than the control group (p = .003). Stress levels were also significantly lower in the experimental group than in the other groups (F = 9.42, p < .001). Participant satisfaction was highest in the experimental group (F = 17.65, p < .001), while nurse satisfaction was significantly higher in the comparison group than in the experimental and control groups (F = 67.91, p < .001), suggesting that the additional distraction intervention may have increased nurses’ workload. Conclusion Combining digital distraction with warm therapy using a thermoelectric-element tourniquet effectively reduces pain and stress while improving patient satisfaction during intravenous catheterization. Further research is needed to optimize this approach, with a particular focus on targeting digital distraction interventions to patients with higher levels of procedural anxiety and finding ways to minimize practitioner workload.

This study examined the effects of Healing Beats on anxiety, stress, and well-being in hemodialysis patients, exploring its potential as an intervention to improve these outcomes. Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 65 hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, divided into the Healing Beats group (HBG, 21 participants), preferred music group (PMG, 22 participants), and control group (CG, 22 participants). The HBG was exposed to music synchronized with their heartbeats during each dialysis session, while the PMG listened to music of their own selection. The CG received no music intervention. State anxiety, subjective stress, stress indices, and well-being were assessed before and after the experimental intervention. Results: The application of Healing Beats had a positive effect on the stress index of hemodialysis patients, with statistically significant differences between the three groups (F = 4.60, p < .001). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of anxiety and well-being across the groups after the intervention. Conclusion: Although hemodialysis patients have notably high stress levels, the application of Healing Beats and preferred music demonstrated limitations in alleviating anxiety and enhancing well-being. Although Healing Beats proved effective in reducing the stress index, it did not yield significant improvements in subjective stress, anxiety, or well-being. Further research is required to confirm these findings and explore potential refinements in the intervention.