Objective To investigate the distribution of mosquito species and their associated viruses, and identify Culex pipiens subspecies in Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods Mosquitoes were captured using mosquito trapping lamps method in Yizhou District, Yiwu County, and Balikun County of Hami City in mi-July, 2019 and 2020. The species and subspecies of all captured mosquitoes were characterized. In addition, the flavivirus, alphavirus, bunyavirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Liaoning virus, Tahyna virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus were detected using reverse-transcription PCR assay in captured mosquitoes. Results A total of 1 496 mosquitoes were captured from Yizhou District, Yiwu County, and Balikun County of Hami City, belonging to 3 genus and 3 species. Cx. pipiens was the dominant mosquito species (986 mosquitoes, 65.91%), followed by Aedes caspius (457 mosquitoes, 30.55%), while Culiseta alaskaensis had the lowest number (53 mosquitoes, 3.54%). All captured Cx. pipiens mosquitoes were identified as Cx. pipiens pipiens based on the terminalia of male mosquitoes. RT-PCR assay tested negative for flavivirus, alphavirus, bunyavirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Liaoning virus, Tahyna virus, tick-borne encephalitis or West Nile virus in captured Cx. pipiens mosquitoes. Conclusions There were 3 species of mosquitoes in Hami City from 2019 to 2020, including Cx. pipiens, Ae. Caspius and C. alaskaensis, with Cx. pipiens as the dominant mosquito species, and all captured Cx. pipiens mosquitoes were Cx. pipiens pipiens; however, no arboviruses were detected.

On June 6,2016,an outbreak of suspected cutaneous anthrax was reported by T County CDC,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous,China.An investigation was carried out to determine the magnitude and risk factors and to recommend control measures.Suspected cases were defined as any villager in T county residents whose skin appeared rash,blisters,ulceration,swelling of black eschar or ulcer between May 1 and June 8.Confirmed case were defined as suspected case plus serological positive,real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive or Bacillus anthraci isolated.We interviewed clinicians and reviewed medical files in the township and city hospital,and visited all households searching for cases.A case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors of human anthrax infection.Three types of specimens were collected and tested by serological detection,real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture.Through epidemiological investigation,15 families purchased beef of a sick cow on May 26,2016.Between 29 May and 3 June,ten people from these families were diagnosed as skin anthrax.Among them,six were confirmed cases and four were suspected cases.The attack rate was 20％.The incubation period was 3 to 7 days with average incubation 5 days.The nain clinical manifestations were hand skin anthrax carbuncle.Case control study showed that the incidences of people who exposing or not exposing to contaminated beefs significantly different,with 53％ and 0％ respectively.Blood serums from six patients showed that specific antibody titer appeared to increase more than 4 times.B.anthraci was isolated from herpes fluid of one patient.B.anthraci nucleic acid was detected from beef collected from four families.The outbreak was caused by the villagers exposed sick cow which infected by B.anthraci.Contaminated beef caused the infections.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the methods of repairing urethral fistula resulting from hypospadias operation.

METHODSWe analyzed the clinical data of 46 cases of surgical repair of urethral fistula resulting from hypospadias operation. The patients ranged in age from 3 to 26 (mean 11.7) years. There were 52 fistulas in all, with the diameters of less than 5 mm, of which 25 were in the midshaft of the penis, 12 in the penoscrotum, and 9 in the scrotum. Of the 46 cases, 20 were repaired by continuous knock suture and 26 by tunica vaginalis of testis and spermatic fascia.

RESULTSThe one-stage success rate of continuous knock suture repair was 55% (11/20) and that of the combined use of continuous knock suture with tunica vaginalis of testis and spermatic fascia repair was 84.6% (22/26).

CONCLUSIONBased on continuous knock suture, the additional use of tunica vaginalis of testis and spermatic fascia yields a high success rate in repairing urethral fistula resulting from hypospadias operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Spermatic Cord ; transplantation ; Urinary Fistula ; etiology ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze possible difference in bronchial asthma between ethnic and geographic groups and explore its correlates among Uygur and Han adults in Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-six clinically diagnosed asthmatic patients at Turpan Prefecture Hospital, Xinjiang, 86 of Uygur and 80 of Han ethnic, and 166 1:1 matched controls from ophthalmological outpatient department at the same hospital were recruited into the study. Interview with questionnaire was conducted and serum levels of eosinophilic cation protein (S-ECP), total IgE (T-IgE) and specific IgE (S-IgE) were measured for all of the participants to study related factors for asthma with univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses.

RESULTSBronchial infection (OR(U) = 5.111, 95%CI: 1.203 - 21.710; OR(H) = 2.498, 95%CI: 1.471 - 5.069), family history of asthma (OR(U) = 3.078, 95%CI: 1.812 - 5.188; OR(H) = 2.711, 95%CI: 1.010 - 6.176), personal allergy history (OR(U) = 2.083, 95%CI: 1.043 - 4.162; OR(H) = 3.998, 95%CI: 1.739 - 9.198), weather change (OR(U) = 2.218, 95%CI: 1.199 - 3.778; OR(H) = 1.733, 95%CI: 1.004 - 2.994) and positive S-IgE (OR(U) = 1.592, 95%CI: 1.018 - 2.491; OR(H) = 3.858, 95%CI: 2.246 - 8.507) correlated with asthma in patients of both Uygur and Han ethnic. Percentage of asthma attack induced by respiratory infection [59.30% (51/86)] and weather change [36.05% (31/86)] in Uygur patients was significantly higher than that in Han ethnic [42.50% (34/80) and 21.25% (17/80), respectively], but percentage of those with personal allergy history [48.75% (39/80)] and positive S-IgE [52.50% (42/80)] in Han ethnic was significantly higher than that in Uygur [32.56% (28/86) and 30.23% (26/86), respectively]. Levels of S-ECP and T-IgE in patients with moderate and severe asthma of both Uygur and Han ethnic [(S-ECP(U) = 7.95 +/- 3.98) microg/L, S-ECP(H) = (11.21 +/- 4.74) microg/L, T- IgE(U) = (72.23 +/- 45.92) kU/L, T-IgE(H) = (108.81 +/- 64.07) kU/L, respectively]were significantly higher than those in controls of the same ethnic [S- ECP(U) = (1.94 +/- 1.16) microg/L, S-ECP(H) = (2.07 +/- 1.63) microg/L, T-IgE(U) = (46.19 +/- 32.47) kU/L, T-IgE(H) = (50.97 +/- 38.51) kU/L; t values were 8.96, 10.52, 2.81, 4.97, P < 0.01], higher in Han ethnic than those in Uygur (t values were 3.01, 2.68, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBronchial infection, family asthma history, personal allergy history, weather change and positive S-IgE all were important correlates of asthma in Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang. Levels of S-ECP and T-IgE in patients with moderate and severe asthma increased during its attacks, higher in Han ethnic than those in Uygur. Genetic and environmental factors may be involved in occurrence and development of asthma.

Adult ; Asthma ; blood ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Causality ; China ; epidemiology ; Climate ; Environmental Exposure ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pedigree ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Autoantibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Thyroid Diseases ; blood ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Function Tests ; methods ; Thyroid Gland ; diagnostic imaging ; immunology ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood

Body Height ; Child ; Female ; Ghrelin ; pharmacology ; Growth Disorders ; physiopathology ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; pharmacology ; Human Growth Hormone ; blood ; physiology ; urine ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; physiology ; Male

Objective To explore incidence of child obesity in Zhengzhou area and intervention measures.Methods In 2001, spot check was conducted on 5688 cases of high and primary school students ,including 2848 boys and 2840 girls at the age of 7-18.Child obesity was diagnosed by meeting reference BMI value published by Cole et al,conducted comprehensive treatment consisting of massage intervention along channel of traditional Chinese medicine, behavior modification, dietetic and sport adjustment for 22 cases of simple obesity children (7-15 years old, 18 boys, 4 girls) selected for one month, and follow-up survey 6 months after treatment.Results Five thousands,six hundreds and eighty-eight high and primary school students investigated had an overweight incidence of 15.4%, an obesity incidence of 3.2%,boys' overweight incidence and obesity incidence(19.2%,4.6%) were remarkably higher than those of girls (11.5%,1.7% P<0.001). Overweight incidence of various age groups evidently differed(χ2=42.88 P<0.001) with the group of 8-15 years old children as popular. Incidence of various age groups also differed(χ2=21.28 P<0.05) with 7-10 years old and 14-15 years old children as popular. After one-month treatment, weight of all the 22 cases of fat children decreased from (76.45±19.87) kg upon hospitalized to (69.06±17.98) kg with a decrease of (7.43±2.58)kg, BMI value decreased from (31.05±3.96) before treatment to (27.72±3.54).Weight and BMI value before and after treatment differed evidently (t=13.6,12.88 P<0.01), and weight and BMI value decrease were remarkably related with those upon hospitalized (r=0.77 P<0.01;r=0.49 P<0.05).Conclusions Incidence of child obesity has been increasing in recent years, comprehensive treatment consisting of massage intervention along channel of traditional Chinese medicine, behavior modification, dietetic and sport adjustment have good curative effect and are comfortable, well received by children and suitable to promote and apply.

Objective To investigate the therapy for small and short penis in simple obesity children.Methods Sixty simple obesity children with short and small penis were randomly divided into 2 groups(experiment group 30 cases and control group 30 cases).The experiment group received comprehensive treatment(consisting of massage of traditional Chinese medicine,behavior modification,dietetic and sport adjustment) to lose weight and treated by short and small penis healing apparatus.The control obesity children were given conducted behavior,dietetic and sport adjustment,and treated by short and small penis healing apparatus.Results After treatment,weight of 30 cases in the experiment group decreased,with a decrease of(7.75?3.50) kg.Body mass index(BMI) decreased from(31.10?3.88) before treatment to(27.82?3.49),and BMI before and after treatment changed significantly(t=12.68 P

Adolescent ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Myositis Ossificans ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVEGlutaric aciduria type II, or multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is an autosomal recessively inherited defect of mitochondrial energy metabolism. The authors report two cases of late-onset glutaric aciduria type II, and evaluate the procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease.

METHODSThe clinical and biochemical characteristics of 2 patients with late-onset glutaric aciduria type II were documented. Case 1 presented with lipid storage myopathy for 3 years. Case 2 presented with intermittent episodes of non-ketotic hypoglycemia and muscle weakness for 9 years. The diagnosis of the 2 cases was confirmed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of urine samples. Riboflavin supplementation and a low-fat, low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet were initiated as soon as the diagnosis was made.

RESULTSOrganic acid analysis on both untreated cases revealed massive glutaric acid with elevated concentrations of isovalerylglycine, isobutyrylglycine, ethylmalonic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid and other dicarboxylic acids. The clinical manifestations were improved remarkably after the administration of riboflavin and diet control. Consistent improvements of sera enzymes and urine organic acids were observed during the course of treatment.

CONCLUSIONPatients with unexplained myopathy, metabolic acidosis or hypoglycemia should be carefully screened for inherited metabolic disorders. Riboflavin in conjunction with appropriate diet control is an effective therapeutic regime for patients with late-onset glutaric aciduria type II.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase ; deficiency ; Adolescent ; Age of Onset ; Child ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Glutarates ; urine ; Humans ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; urine ; Photosensitizing Agents ; therapeutic use ; Riboflavin ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome