INTRODUCTIONMetabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Waist circumference (WC), a surrogate indicator of abdominal fat mass, is used to measure central obesity associated with increased risk of hypertension, insulin resistance and type 2 DM, whereas body mass index (BMI) is traditionally used to measure somatic obesity. This study aimed to identify the WC and BMI cut-off points to predict the metabolic risk factors for MS and to determine which is a better predictor.

METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of six months. The study involved 355 subjects aged 13-91 years. Youden's index was used to identify the optimal cut-off points.

RESULTSThe optimal cut-off point of WC to predict individual metabolic risk in females was 84.5-91.0 cm. The BMI cut-off point to predict hypertension and raised fasting blood sugar was 23.7 kg/m², and that for low level high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 22.9 kg/m². For males, the corresponding cut-off points were 86.5-91.0 cm for WC and 20.75-25.5 kg/m² for BMI, with corresponding sensitivities and specificities. Area under the curve and the odds of developing individual and ≥ 2 metabolic risk factors for MS were higher for WC than for BMI.

CONCLUSIONWC is a better predictor of metabolic risk factors for developing MS than BMI. Therefore, we propose that metabolic risk factors be screened when WC ≥ 80 cm is found in both genders regardless of BMI.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; etiology ; Female ; Hospitals, District ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal ; complications ; diagnosis ; Outpatients ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference ; Young Adult