Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a group of heterogeneous neurological disorders that can cause progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system, resulting in a decline in motor function. Motion capture, as a high-precision and high-resolution technology for capturing human motion data, drives NDDs motor assessment to effectively extract kinematic features and thus assess the patient's motor ability or disease severity. This paper focuses on the recent research progress in motor assessment of NDDs driven by motion capture data. Based on a brief introduction of NDDs motor assessment datasets, we categorized the assessment methods into three types according to the way of feature extraction and processing: NDDs motor assessment methods based on statistical analysis, machine learning and deep learning. Then, we comparatively analyzed the technical points and characteristics of the three types of methods from the aspects of data composition, data preprocessing, assessment methods, assessment purposes and effects. Finally, we discussed and prospected the development trends of NDDs motor assessment.
Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis* ; Machine Learning ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Deep Learning ; Motion ; Motion Capture

OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the differences in gait parameters and clinical efficacy between HURWA robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty(TKA) and MAKO robotic-assisted TKA during the 1-year postoperative follow-up period. METHODS: From November 2023 to March 2024, 40 patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups:HURWA robotic-assisted TKA group(HURWA group) and MAKO robotic-assisted TKA group (MAKO group) using a random number table. In the HURWA group, there were 20 patients, comprising 5 males and 15 females, with an age range of 59 to 79 years old with a mean age of (69.45±4.36) years old, and body mass index(BMI) ranging from 22.96 to 33.87 kg·m^-2 with a mean BMI of (27.28±3.12) kg·m^-2. In the MAKO group, there were also 20 patients, consisting of 4 males and 16 females, with an age range of 58 to 80 years old with an average of (67.50±6.88) years old, BMI ranging from 25.39 to 29.30 kg·m-2 with an average of(26.86 ±1.23) kg·m-2. To comprehensively evaluate the improvement in knee joint function, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and American Knee Society score (KSS) were used for clinical efficacy evaluation. In gait analysis, an innovative computer vision-based human pose estimation framework, MediaPipe, was used to quantitatively measure the spatiotemporal parameters (such as walking speed, step frequency, stride length, step width, etc.) and kinematic parameters (such as gait cycle, stance time, stance phase, swing time, swing phase, knee joint active flexion angle, etc.) of both groups preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. A dynamic evaluation of the maximum hip flexion and knee flexion angles during functional activities (such as squatting) was also conducted to fully reflect the recovery of patients' motor function. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the WOMAC and KSS scores between the HURWA robotic-assisted TKA group and the MAKO robotic-assisted TKA group preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively (P>0.05). In terms of gait function, there were no significant differences in the spatiotemporal parameters (including walking speed, step frequency, stride length, step width, etc.) and kinematic parameters(such as gait cycle, stance time, stance phase, swing time, swing phase, knee joint active flexion angle, etc.) between the two groups preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Both HURWA robot-assisted TKA and MAKO robot-assisted TKA demoonstrated equivalent outcones in terms of functional recovery and gait improvement 1 year postoperatively.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/methods* ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Gait ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/physiopathology* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Knee Joint/physiopathology* ; Motion Capture

The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the body with the largest range of motion, and the movement pattern is more complex. Accurate capture of three-dimensional motion data of the shoulder joint is crucial for biomechanical evaluation. Optical motion capture systems offer a non-invasive and radiation-free method to capture shoulder joint motion data during complex movements, enabling further biomechanical analysis of the shoulder joint. This review provides a comprehensive overview of optical motion capture technology in the context of shoulder joint movement, including measurement principles, data processing methods to reduce artifacts from skin and soft tissues, factors influencing measurement results, and applications in shoulder joint disorders.
Humans ; Shoulder ; Motion Capture ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Upper Extremity ; Shoulder Joint ; Movement ; Range of Motion, Articular

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the perpetrator's sex, victim's position and slashing location as well as anthropometric parameters on distance and space required for slashing, to provide the theoretical basis for the judgment of whether the crime scene was consistent with the criminal activity space. METHODS: The kinematics data of 12 male and 12 female subjects slashing the neck of standing and supine mannequins as well as the chest of the standing mannequins with a kitchen knife were obtained by using a 3D motion capture system. The relationship between the perpetrator's sex-victim's position, the perpetrator's sex-slashing location, and anthropometric parameters and the distance and space required for the slashing were analyzed by two-factor repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis respectively. RESULTS: Compared with slashing the neck of supine mannequins, the distance (L) and normalized L (l) of slashing the neck of standing mannequins were greater, while vertical distance (L_VR) and normalized L_VR (l_VR) of the knife side were smaller. Compared with slashing the neck of standing mannequins, the L and l slashing the chest of standing mannequins were greater, while L_VR and l_VR were smaller. Horizontal distance (L_HR) and normalized L_HR (l_HR) of the knife side in males were greater than that in females. Height and arm length were positively correlated with L, L_HR, and L_VR when striking the standing mannequins. CONCLUSIONS When slashing the neck of supine or standing victims, the slashing distance is shorter and the slashing height is greater. Furthermore, the distance and space required for slashing are correlate with anthropometric parameters.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Motion Capture ; Crime ; Biomechanical Phenomena