Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Lecanemab (product name Leqembi ® ) is an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody treatment approved for use in Korea for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The Korean Dementia Association has created recommendations for the appropriate use of lecanemab to assist clinicians. These recommendations include selecting patients for administration, necessary pre-administration tests and preparations,administration methods, monitoring for amyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), and communication with patients and caregivers. Lecanemab is recommended for patients with MCI or mild dementia who confirmed positive amyloid biomarkers, and should not be administered to patients with severe hypersensitivity to lecanemab or those unable to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. To predict the risk of ARIA before administration, apolipoprotein E genotyping is conducted, and regular brain MRI evaluations are recommended to monitor for ARIA during treatment. The most common adverse reactions are infusion-related reactions, which require appropriate management upon occurrence. Additional caution is needed when co-administering with anticoagulants or tissue plasminogen activator due to the risk of macrohemorrhage. Clinicians should consider the efficacy and necessary conditions for administration, as well as the safety of lecanemab, to make a comprehensive decision regarding its use.

Background: s/Aims: Systematic investigations into the prognostic impact of the longitudinal tumor location in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain insufficient. To address the limitations of our pilot study, we conducted a multicenter investigation to clarify the impact of the longitudinal tumor location on the oncological outcomes of GBC. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on 372 patients undergoing radical resections for GBC from January 2010 to December 2019 across seven hospitals that belong to the Daejeon–Chungcheong branch of the Korean Association of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery. Patients were divided into GBC in the fundus/body (FB-GBC) and GBC in the neck/cystic duct (NC-GBC) groups, based on the longitudinal tumor location. Results: Of 372 patients, 282 had FB-GBC, while 90 had NC-GBC. NC-GBC was associated with more frequent elevation of preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels, requirement for more extensive surgery, more advanced histologic grade and tumor stages, more frequent lymphovascular and perineural invasion, lower R0 resection rates, higher recurrence rates, and worse 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates. Propensity score matching analysis confirmed these findings, showing lower R0 resection rates, higher recurrence rates, and worse survival rates in the NC-GBC group. Multivariate analysis identified elevated preoperative CA 19-9 levels, lymph node metastasis, and non-R0 resection as independent prognostic factors, but not longitudinal tumor location. Conclusions NC-GBC exhibits more frequent elevation of preoperative CA 19-9 levels, more advanced histologic grade and tumor stages, lower R0 resection rates, and poorer overall and disease-free survival rates, compared to FB-GBC. However, the longitudinal tumor location was not analyzed as an independent prognostic factor.

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated. This study involves 30 centers across Korea. The study aims to improve the long-term prognosis of Korean patients with rare endocrine diseases by collecting comprehensive clinical data, biospecimens, and patient-reported outcomes to identify complications and unmet needs in patient care. Patients with childhood-onset pituitary, adrenal, or gonadal disorders, such as craniopharyngioma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and Turner syndrome were prioritized. The planned enrollment is 1,300 patients during the first study phase (2022–2024). Clinical, biochemical, and imaging data from diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during 1980–2023 were retrospectively reviewed. For patients who agreed to participate in the prospective cohort, clinical data and biospecimens will be prospectively collected to discover ideal biomarkers that predict the effectiveness of disease control measures and prognosis. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and depression scales, will be evaluated to assess psychosocial outcomes. Additionally, a substudy on CAH patients will develop a steroid hormone profiling method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to improve diagnosis and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study will address unmet clinical needs by discovering ideal biomarkers, introducing evidence-based treatment guidelines, and ultimately improving long-term outcomes in the areas of rare endocrine and metabolic diseases.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Unicystic ameloblastoma is generally less aggressive and has a lower recurrence rate than solid or multicystic ameloblastomas, making it more amenable for conservative treatments such as enucleation or curettage. However, in case of large cysts, accurate diagnosis can be challenging depending on the location of biopsy. If unicystic ameloblastoma is misdiagnosed as other odontogenic or inflammatory cysts, the risk of postoperative recurrence increases. In this paper, we report a case of early recurrence following decompression and enucleation of a large maxillary unicystic ameloblastoma.

Lecanemab (product name Leqembi ® ) is an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody treatment approved for use in Korea for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The Korean Dementia Association has created recommendations for the appropriate use of lecanemab to assist clinicians. These recommendations include selecting patients for administration, necessary pre-administration tests and preparations,administration methods, monitoring for amyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), and communication with patients and caregivers. Lecanemab is recommended for patients with MCI or mild dementia who confirmed positive amyloid biomarkers, and should not be administered to patients with severe hypersensitivity to lecanemab or those unable to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. To predict the risk of ARIA before administration, apolipoprotein E genotyping is conducted, and regular brain MRI evaluations are recommended to monitor for ARIA during treatment. The most common adverse reactions are infusion-related reactions, which require appropriate management upon occurrence. Additional caution is needed when co-administering with anticoagulants or tissue plasminogen activator due to the risk of macrohemorrhage. Clinicians should consider the efficacy and necessary conditions for administration, as well as the safety of lecanemab, to make a comprehensive decision regarding its use.

Background: s/Aims: Systematic investigations into the prognostic impact of the longitudinal tumor location in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain insufficient. To address the limitations of our pilot study, we conducted a multicenter investigation to clarify the impact of the longitudinal tumor location on the oncological outcomes of GBC. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on 372 patients undergoing radical resections for GBC from January 2010 to December 2019 across seven hospitals that belong to the Daejeon–Chungcheong branch of the Korean Association of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery. Patients were divided into GBC in the fundus/body (FB-GBC) and GBC in the neck/cystic duct (NC-GBC) groups, based on the longitudinal tumor location. Results: Of 372 patients, 282 had FB-GBC, while 90 had NC-GBC. NC-GBC was associated with more frequent elevation of preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels, requirement for more extensive surgery, more advanced histologic grade and tumor stages, more frequent lymphovascular and perineural invasion, lower R0 resection rates, higher recurrence rates, and worse 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates. Propensity score matching analysis confirmed these findings, showing lower R0 resection rates, higher recurrence rates, and worse survival rates in the NC-GBC group. Multivariate analysis identified elevated preoperative CA 19-9 levels, lymph node metastasis, and non-R0 resection as independent prognostic factors, but not longitudinal tumor location. Conclusions NC-GBC exhibits more frequent elevation of preoperative CA 19-9 levels, more advanced histologic grade and tumor stages, lower R0 resection rates, and poorer overall and disease-free survival rates, compared to FB-GBC. However, the longitudinal tumor location was not analyzed as an independent prognostic factor.

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated. This study involves 30 centers across Korea. The study aims to improve the long-term prognosis of Korean patients with rare endocrine diseases by collecting comprehensive clinical data, biospecimens, and patient-reported outcomes to identify complications and unmet needs in patient care. Patients with childhood-onset pituitary, adrenal, or gonadal disorders, such as craniopharyngioma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and Turner syndrome were prioritized. The planned enrollment is 1,300 patients during the first study phase (2022–2024). Clinical, biochemical, and imaging data from diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during 1980–2023 were retrospectively reviewed. For patients who agreed to participate in the prospective cohort, clinical data and biospecimens will be prospectively collected to discover ideal biomarkers that predict the effectiveness of disease control measures and prognosis. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and depression scales, will be evaluated to assess psychosocial outcomes. Additionally, a substudy on CAH patients will develop a steroid hormone profiling method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to improve diagnosis and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study will address unmet clinical needs by discovering ideal biomarkers, introducing evidence-based treatment guidelines, and ultimately improving long-term outcomes in the areas of rare endocrine and metabolic diseases.