PURPOSE: We purpose to determine the correlation of HER-2/neu and paxillin expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma with ductal carcinoma in situ (IDC with DCIS) and mucinous carcinoma. METHODS: To evaluate the expression of HER-2/neu and paxillin, the immunohistochemical staining was performed for 13 cases of DCIS, 13 cases of IDC with DCIS and 6 cases of mucinous carcinoma. RESULTS: The DCIS and IDC were associated with infiltration of the inflammatory cells, especially in the comedo type and solid type of tumor. In cases with infiltration of the inflammatory cells, HER-2/neu and paxillin were strongly expressed. When comparing the expression level of HER-2/neu from adjacent normal tissue between DCIS and IDC with DCIS, expression of HER-2/neu was similar to that of normal tissue adjacent to DCIS. However, in the adjoining normal ductal epithelial cells, paxillin was highly expressed in cells of all of the tumor types, and especially for IDC with DCIS. HER-2/neu and paxillin were not expressed in mucinous carcinoma cells in all cases. CONCLUSION: HER-2/neu in the DCIS and IDC with infiltration of inflammatory cells shows higher expression than non-inflammatory DCIS and IDC. If normal duct epithelial cells show a high level of HER-2/neu expression, the epithelial cells have a high probability of transformation into anaplastic cells. However, paxillin appears to have no value as a prognostic factor. The difference of expression of HER-2/neu between IDC with DCIS and DCIS suggests a different origin of tumor cells. The growth pattern of mucinous carcinoma cell is different from the that of DCIS or IDC cell, which grow slowly.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Epithelial Cells ; Mucins ; Paxillin

BACKGROUND: The number and proportion of live-alone elders in Korea have been increasing dramatically. We tried to identify the physical health status of live-alone elders in community and their needs for public health service in order to provide basic data for effective public health service to promote health and quality of life. METHODS: The subjects for this study were 38 nurses who provide visit-nursing service to live-alone elders in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaires. RESULTS: The half of live-alone elders had disease, but only half of them took appropriate treatment. Barrier to treatment were difficulty to access to medical center, immobility, lack of drive and also poor insight. CONCLUSION: To solve the problems related to the elderly living alone in community, the instillation of public health policy that encompass professional medical service and comprehensive team approach are needed.
Aged ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Public Health* ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; United States Public Health Service*

For several decades, Radiofrequency lesioning has been used for intractable pain that originates from the spinal area. Heating of the tissue has been assumed to be the only mechanism that can cause this effect. There has never been the suggestion that the RF fields themselves can modify the neuro-cellular function independently of the thermal effect. Additionally, Radiofrequency machines can not be used in neuropathic pain because of their thermal effect. Recently, a modified type of Radiofrequency machine was developed, using a non-thermal pulse, and applying a relatively high voltage. Some authors have reported remarkable results using this technique recently. There are several possible mechanisms and several attempts have been tried to explain this therapeutic effect respectively, but none of them explain it fully. One possible mechanism is through an Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF) that doesn't produce high temperature in the tip area. This is done in a pulsed fashion to avoid the high temperature made during the active cycle. However there is no apparent mechanism that explains this therapeutic effect clearly. The patient whom we report now was a 23 year-old male who suffered from repetitive low back pain and radiculopathy. He failed to respond to other oral and invasive conventional therapies. We experienced a successful result in the treatment of his intractable neuropathic pain using this pulsed RF machine.
Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Neuralgia* ; Pain, Intractable ; Radiculopathy ; Young Adult

A primary duodenal carcinoid tumor causing carcinoid syndrome is rare. In case of accompanying carcinoid syndrome in a primary duodenal carcinoid tumor, it mostly suggests massive liver metastasis. In rare case, venous drainage of carcinoid tumor and systemic venous drainage are directly connected without passing through the portal system. Therefore, it is rare and interesting case which a primary duodenal carcinoid tumor accompanies carcinoid syndrome without liver metastasis. We experienced an occasion of a primary carcinoid tumor located in duodenal bulb in a 56 year-old woman. This patient came to our hospital because of intermittent diarrhea, epigastric pain and facial flushing. And it was surely diagnosed as carcinoid tumor by gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy. She was hospitalized for surgery and we were able to confirm that carcinoid syndrome was accompanied through biochemical test. However, metastatic lesion was not found at liver, small and large intestine. We report this case with reference to documents due to rarity.
Biopsy ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Diarrhea ; Drainage ; Female ; Flushing ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; Liver* ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Portal System

The transpetrosal approach to the anterior portion of a brain stem lesion with intact hearing is often limited by portions of the labyrinth. The technique of partial labyrinthectomy, by which the posterior and superior semicircular canals, maximizes surgical exposure while preserving hearing. We report the case of a patient who underwent a modified partial labyrinthectomy involving resection of the posterior semicircular canal only in the area of the labyrinth. Technical modification of the partial labyrinthectomy approach simplifies tumor removal while preserving hearing.
Brain Stem ; Ear, Inner ; Hearing ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Humans ; Semicircular Canals

Acute alcoholic myopathy presented with paraparesis, myoglobinuria. And acute renal failure is an uncommon complication of alcoholism. A 34-year-old man had been a heavy alcohol drinker for a year, complained of sudden lower extremity weal; ness and swelling after heavy drinking. On examination, lower extremity was swollen and unable to move. Laboratory data showed markedly elevated GOT, LDH, CK, and myoglobinuria. Initial electrodiagnostic study was indefinite for diagnosis of myopathy and biopsy of the quadriceps muscle showed slight increased eosinophilia of sarcoplasm. But in followup study, myopathic findings and degeneration becarne apparent in electromyography and blopsy.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Adult ; Alcoholics* ; Alcoholism ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Electromyography ; Eosinophilia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Muscular Diseases* ; Myoglobinuria ; Paraparesis* ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Renal Insufficiency*

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is relatively an uncommon and usually under-recognized or misdiagnosed condition. We report a case of posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by a ganglion . A 58-year-old woman complained of burning and tingling sensation along the left sole and presented weakness, muscle atrophy, and Tinel's sign in the left foot. Electrodiagnostic study revealed prolonged terminal latency, reduced compound muscle action potential, absent sensory nelve potential, and denervation potentials. After removal of the ganglion, patient's symptoms improved and the electrodiagnostic study performed after two months showed significant improvement.
Action Potentials ; Atrophy ; Burns ; Denervation ; Female ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Weakness ; Sensation ; Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Folic Acid Deficiency* ; Folic Acid* ; Polyneuropathies*

No abstract available.
Carotid Artery, Internal*

To develop a survival prediction model and to use it as a therapeutic guideline a series of 66 cases with ganglio-thalamic hemorrhage accompanying intraventricular hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively. They were classified into the benign and fatal groups according to their final outcomes. Fourteen indices obtained from the initial CT scans were final outcomes. Fourteen indices obtained from the initial CT scans were subjected to multivariate discriminant analysis. The resultant discriminant function(Z) included the amount of hematoma in the parenchyme(AH), bicaudate cerebroventricular index(BCCI) maximum fourth ventricular width(FVW), and third cerebroventricular ratio(TCR) in an order of decreasing discriminating power and was as follows: Z = -3.2639 + 0.3508 X 10(-1) X AH + 6.8816 X BCCI + 0.1139 X FVW-5.7794 X TCR. This function predicted survivability with accuracy of 84.9% when it was applied to the original subjects. The conclusion is that AH, BCCI, FVW, and TCR are the potent predictors of the survival of patients with ganglio-thalamic hemorrhage accompanying intraventricular hemorrhage.
Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*