This study was to develop the home care nursing network system for low income and vulnerable health people by utilizing wire- wireless network and mobile computing in order to record and send patients' data in real time, and connect the headquarter office and four local community health centers. The methods were the Method/1 and Prototyping were adopted to develop the main network system. Results were: 1) home care nursing standard guidelines for Diabetes, cancer and peritoneal-dialysis, dementia/mental disorder, and chronic arthritis were added in 12 domains of nursing problem field with nursing assessment/intervention algorithms. 2) upgrading PDA system by utilizing the machinery and tools where the PDA and the data transmission modem are integrated, CDMX - 1X base construction in order to reduce a transmission hour and the transmission failure.
Arthritis ; Community Health Centers ; Home Care Services* ; Modems ; Nursing*

Telemedicine is described as combination of topics from the fields of telecommunication, medicine, and information and literally telemedicine means medicine at a distance. In this study, we present a web based real-time telemedicine application(WEBRETA) that was designed for patients who needs diagnosis on the Internet. The WEBRETA system is supporting transmitting of MPEG-4 video format(640*480)that was appropriate for Internet and designed with ActiveX controls technology that is also suitable for telecommunication link such as ADSL, VDSL and Cable modem which are very popular communication link in Korea. To improve the reliability and the usefulness of this prototype we involved the PSNR method and subjective score measuring from doctors. Futhermore, we will evaluate the WEBRETA with various communication network environment to improve how this system can contribute the diagnosis of patients and to analysis.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Modems ; Telecommunications ; Telemedicine*

The current socioeconomic climate has meant more children spend more time alone at home even for dining. This study was performed to characterize modem Korean childrens' food ecology based on mealtime atmosphere. A total of 705 elementary school students, 347 girls and 358 boys took part in the study. They were chosen evenly from the Seoul metropolitan areas, provincial cities, or rural areas, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The questionnaire was categorized to determine various factors related to food ecology, life styles, and health related symptoms. The average age of the study subjects was 11.5 years. The average height, weight, body mass index, and Rohrer index were 143.2 cm, 37.6 kg, 18.2 and 127.2 respectively. A significant number of children(39.2%) answered their bed time was between 11 and 12 pm. Only 28.3% answered that the whole family has breakfast together, and 47.7% have dinner together. A considerable number of children, 17.8% for breakfast and 6.9% for dinner, answered they eat alone. Most of the children answered they like to have dinner with the whole family. Half of the children answered they do not feel hungry before having breakfast. Proportions of children for their favorite meal time were 66.8%, and 25.4% and 7.8% for dinner, school lunch, and breakfast respectively. The largest proportions of children, 53.3% and 68.7%, have breakfast and dinner at home. Most of the children(75.2%) never purchase their dinner. Forty two% of the children answered they like school lunch, however, 60% of children answered they leave portions of lunch uneaten occasionally or always. Only 38.0% and 46.2% of the children have nutritionally adequate diet for breakfast and dinner. Children having more meals with the whole family possessed a more positive attitude towards breakfast compared to the children who eat with the whole family less frequently. In conclusion, Korea children are exposed to different health threatening food ecology problems related to changing environments, and consistent concern and support from community nutritionists are required.
Atmosphere ; Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Child* ; Climate ; Diet ; Ecology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Lunch ; Meals ; Modems ; Nutritionists ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: An online system concerning bed and equipment availability in the referral centers was developed to prevent any delay in the transport of newborn infants to a referral center with adequate equipments. METHODS: A program using web user interface was developed by Developer 2000 and Oracle database under UNIX system. The availability of equipments in the NICU, patient's medical information, user's information were included. The program was tested on the server of the Yeungnam University Medical Center with personal computers as clients. RESULTS: The program consisted of six menus : bed and equipment availability, updating the data, contact numbers, patients' informations, users informations, others. After login, availability of beds and equipments were shown according to the selected area which was chosen by the user. Phone numbers of physicians at the referral center appear on a window newly opened by clicking on the hospital name where newborn patient will be transferred. Medical information about patients can be transmitted to the referral center. The data can be updated by the webmaster of the individual hospital, and new hospital, delivery mode, treatment modality can be added by the system operator. It took 5.1+/-0.7 seconds from connection to execution of the program when it was connected through local area network in the medical center, and 10.2+/-0.2 seconds after 15+/-0.9 seconds' connection time if it was connected by 56K dial-up modem. Conclusion : This program will be very useful if connection time were shortened, and shortage of the neonatal intensive care beds nationwide were resolved.
Academic Medical Centers ; Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Local Area Networks ; Microcomputers ; Modems ; Online Systems* ; Referral and Consultation* ; Transportation of Patients

BACKGROUND: The time lag and the difficulty associated with calling clinicians of other departments are major concern in the emergency department(ED). We tried to design a new paging system which was faster, easier, and more accurate. METHOD: We made a web page comprised of paging numbers and then connected a personal computer in the ED to the internet through a dial-up modem, via a web-paging service, and could page persons wearing public pagers. RESULTS: We found that using the internet for paging was faster and more accurate than the hand-operated way. Calls were placed via the internet with only one click of the mouse. CONCLUSION: The One-click paging system is useful for hospital telecommunication. In this way, the internet can be applied to the entire emergency medical service system.
Animals ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Internet* ; Mice ; Microcomputers ; Modems ; Telecommunications

As information communication technology developed we could check our blood pressure, pulsation, electrocardiogram, saturation of arterial oxygen (Sa02) and serologic chemical tests easily at home. It is possible though interlocking the house medical instrument with the wireless public data network. Data from patients can be transmitted to the distant hospital and will be essentially applied through wireless public data network. In this study we measured electrocardiogram (ECG) for the telemetry. We put the EGG function into the movable device and add 900MHz band wireless public data interface, through which patients could record EGG and keep the data at home. We used wireless network modem and NCL (Native Gontrol Language) protocol to contact through wireless network, and 8CR (Standard Context Routing) protocol in the networkto connect to the wired host computer. The host computer checks the recorded individual EGG data and then sends the correspondant reply to the movable device. The study suggests the medical transmit system model utilized by the wireless public data network. The suggestion in the study of telemetry system provides movement and preservation. And it will exam the health condition in distance or at home.
Blood Pressure ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Modems ; Ovum ; Oxygen ; Telemetry*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current status and new trends in gynelcological pelviscopy in Korea. METHODS: A survey was conducted and analyzed based on 20997 cases of operative pelviscopy hom May, 1985 to February, 1998 reported from twenty four university hospitals in Korea. RESULTS: The results obtained were ss followings; 1) 45.9 % of the total cases was 30 to 39 years old age group and it was the most dominant age group, 2) The previous operative history was found in 10.9% of the tota1 cases and included cesarean section(30.0%), ectopic pregnancy(20.3%), etc. 3) The operative indications were diagnostic(26.2%), myoma uteri(23.1%), ectopic pregnancy(21.4%), adnexal mass(18.4%), etc. In cases of diagnostic indication, the most common post-operative diagnosis of pelviscopic surgery was tubal pregnancy(30,6%). 4) The operative titles were salpingectomy(25.1%), hysterectomy(19.9%), salpinghorectomy(19.8%), etc. 5) The complications of operative pelviscopy were composed of subcutaneous emphysema(0.58%), preperitoneal bleeding(0.3%), bladder injury(0,3%), bowel injury(0.3%), etc. 6) lhe survey showed that 57.1% of the respondents desired more than 1 year of period for well peration between the operator and the assistant. 56.7% of respondents indicated that the surgical technique of the operator was the most important factor for a successful pelvisocopic surgery. 7) The most beneficial effect of the pelviscopy included the comfortableness of the patient(40.0%), cosmetic effect(22.8%), decrease of complications(14.2%), etc. CONCLUSION: The modem methods of operative pelviscopy have been successfully used in the treatment of gynecological disease. Today, pelviscopic surgery is being applied in almost all the cases of gynecological disease. Hence, the majority of pelviscopy techniques and pracedures being performed by surgeon must be taught in the controlled setting of a residency or a fellowship training program.
Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Korea* ; Modems ; Myoma ; Urinary Bladder

We developed the Tele-PACS of radiology, which uses the communication network as asymmetric satellite data communication system. The asymmetric satellite data communication system uses receive-only satellite links for data delivery and PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) modem or N-ISDN(Narrow-band Integrate Services Digital Network) for communication. The satellite communication linking we implemented showed the very high-speed performance compared to the terrestrial linking such as 28.8 kbps modem linking or 56Kbps linking. The satellite linking was 5-10 times faster than the terrestrial linking on the average. We developed the down-link system of satellite and the medical collaborative tools and the Web-based Image-viewer. We concluded that 1) Satellite networking is currently the cheapest and fastest solution for internet access. 2) Web-based Image-Viewer enables small size hospitals in rural area to connect to the central PACS easily and to retrieve the image data reliably. 3) The suggested teleradiology system using satellite networking could be adequate to the fast telemedicine and telecare for rural hospitals especially located in geographically isolated areas such as islands.
Hospitals, Rural ; Internet ; Islands ; Modems ; Satellite Communications ; Telemedicine ; Telephone ; Teleradiology

We developed the Tele-PACS of radiology, which uses the communication network as asymmetric satellite data communication system. The asymmetric satellite data communication system uses receive-only satellite links for data delivery and PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) modem or N-ISDN(Narrow-band Integrate Services Digital Network) for communication. The satellite communication linking we implemented showed the very high-speed performance compared to the terrestrial linking such as 28.8 kbps modem linking or 56Kbps linking. The satellite linking was 5-10 times faster than the terrestrial linking on the average. We developed the down-link system of satellite and the medical collaborative tools and the Web-based Image-viewer. We concluded that 1) Satellite networking is currently the cheapest and fastest solution for internet access. 2) Web-based Image-Viewer enables small size hospitals in rural area to connect to the central PACS easily and to retrieve the image data reliably. 3) The suggested teleradiology system using satellite networking could be adequate to the fast telemedicine and telecare for rural hospitals especially located in geographically isolated areas such as islands.
Hospitals, Rural ; Internet ; Islands ; Modems ; Satellite Communications ; Telemedicine ; Telephone ; Teleradiology

As the productive activities have vastly increased following industrialization and urbanization in the modem society, the resulting high mobility of people and goods have caused a sharp increase in the accidents in the work places as well as traffic accidents. In particular, deaths caused by injuries are generally concentrated in the economically active young peoples, producing incalculable losses to the society and nation as a whole. Advanced nations with superior medical care systems have succeeded in reducing incidents of such deaths by operating trauma centers. Especially noteworthy is the case of the United States where such specialized trauma centers have greatly contributed to reducing deaths from injuries in the non-urban areas with less access to medical facilities. At present Korea has no medical centers specializing in injuries. In large cities, the injuries are being treated tertiary medical facilities while in the provinces they are referred to small and medium-sized hospitals that constitute secondary medical facilities. Currently in Korea the Trauma patients are treated at general hospitals that consist of 726 secondary medical facilities and 40 tertiary medical centers nationwide. The secondary medical facilities which tend to take most responsibility for the treatment of trauma are generally deficient in medical staff and facilities (including operating and intensive care facilities). Despite such deficiency and limitations, no regulations exist regarding treatment or transportation of trauma patients. This article reports the outcome of a comparative analysis of the results of trauma treatments among different types of medical facilities based on objective data in the hope that such study would facilitate a comparison with the treatment systems of advanced countries and thereby contribute to a precise formulation of problems that must be addressed in this area.
Accidents, Traffic ; Hope ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Korea ; Medical Staff ; Modems ; Social Control, Formal ; Transportation ; Trauma Centers ; United States ; Urbanization ; Workplace ; Industrial Development