Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the self-expansion process of nursing students in an end-of-life experience program. Methods: Thirteen nursing students participated in the end-of-life experience program. Data were collected through video conference interviews and analysed using grounded theory methods. Results: A total of 13 categories emerged. They were analysed by fitting them into a paradigmatic model. The central phenomenon was ‘fear and dread of death’. Action/interaction strategies included ‘accepting death as part of life’, ‘living well to die well’, ‘taking a serious interest in end-of-life care’, and ‘preparing for a dignified death’. The core category was ‘facing the end of life and striving to be a better version of oneself’. This process had five stages: ‘avoidance thoughts of death’, ‘recognizing the existence of death’, ‘focusing on the present’, ‘preparing for a meaningful life’, and ‘growing inward’. Conclusion Understanding death can change one's perspective and contribute to the expansion of knowledge and professional competence. Thus, it is necessary to implement programs to improve death awareness among nursing students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the self-expansion process of nursing students in an end-of-life experience program. Methods: Thirteen nursing students participated in the end-of-life experience program. Data were collected through video conference interviews and analysed using grounded theory methods. Results: A total of 13 categories emerged. They were analysed by fitting them into a paradigmatic model. The central phenomenon was ‘fear and dread of death’. Action/interaction strategies included ‘accepting death as part of life’, ‘living well to die well’, ‘taking a serious interest in end-of-life care’, and ‘preparing for a dignified death’. The core category was ‘facing the end of life and striving to be a better version of oneself’. This process had five stages: ‘avoidance thoughts of death’, ‘recognizing the existence of death’, ‘focusing on the present’, ‘preparing for a meaningful life’, and ‘growing inward’. Conclusion Understanding death can change one's perspective and contribute to the expansion of knowledge and professional competence. Thus, it is necessary to implement programs to improve death awareness among nursing students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the self-expansion process of nursing students in an end-of-life experience program. Methods: Thirteen nursing students participated in the end-of-life experience program. Data were collected through video conference interviews and analysed using grounded theory methods. Results: A total of 13 categories emerged. They were analysed by fitting them into a paradigmatic model. The central phenomenon was ‘fear and dread of death’. Action/interaction strategies included ‘accepting death as part of life’, ‘living well to die well’, ‘taking a serious interest in end-of-life care’, and ‘preparing for a dignified death’. The core category was ‘facing the end of life and striving to be a better version of oneself’. This process had five stages: ‘avoidance thoughts of death’, ‘recognizing the existence of death’, ‘focusing on the present’, ‘preparing for a meaningful life’, and ‘growing inward’. Conclusion Understanding death can change one's perspective and contribute to the expansion of knowledge and professional competence. Thus, it is necessary to implement programs to improve death awareness among nursing students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the self-expansion process of nursing students in an end-of-life experience program. Methods: Thirteen nursing students participated in the end-of-life experience program. Data were collected through video conference interviews and analysed using grounded theory methods. Results: A total of 13 categories emerged. They were analysed by fitting them into a paradigmatic model. The central phenomenon was ‘fear and dread of death’. Action/interaction strategies included ‘accepting death as part of life’, ‘living well to die well’, ‘taking a serious interest in end-of-life care’, and ‘preparing for a dignified death’. The core category was ‘facing the end of life and striving to be a better version of oneself’. This process had five stages: ‘avoidance thoughts of death’, ‘recognizing the existence of death’, ‘focusing on the present’, ‘preparing for a meaningful life’, and ‘growing inward’. Conclusion Understanding death can change one's perspective and contribute to the expansion of knowledge and professional competence. Thus, it is necessary to implement programs to improve death awareness among nursing students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the self-isolation experiences of nursing students with confirmed COVID-19 infections. Methods: This study used purposive sampling. The participants were 13 nursing students who self-isolated for COVID-19. Data were collected through video conference interviews and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Results: The 14 categories that emerged were analyzed by fitting them into a paradigmatic model. The central phenomenon was “emotional challenges of self-isolation”. The action/interaction strategies were “adhering to isolation protocols and working to recover”, “using the time as an opportunity to recharge and grow”, “making up for classroom deficits”, and “envisioning a future nurse”. The core category was “focusing on what I can do now to avoid falling behind”. This process was characterized by stages of embarrassment, instability, endurance, and resilience. Conclusion Missed classes due to self-isolation may contribute to student anxiety and depression, and educators should continue to make efforts to protect learning rights.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the recent prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes among Korean adults aged ≥30 years by analyzing nationally representative data. Methods: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018, and the percentage and total number of people ≥30 years of age with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were estimated. Results: In 2018, 13.8% of Korean adults aged ≥30 years had diabetes, and adults aged ≥65 years showed a prevalence rate of 28%. The prevalence of IFG was 26.9% in adults aged ≥30 years. From 2016 to 2018, 35% of the subjects with diabetes were not aware of their condition. Regarding comorbidities, 53.2% and 61.3% were obese and hypertensive, respectively, and 72% had hypercholesterolemia as defined by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥100 mg/dL in people with diabetes. Of the subjects with diabetes, 43.7% had both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. With regard to glycemic control, only 28.3% reached the target level of <6.5%. Moreover, only 11.5% of subjects with diabetes met all three targets of glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and LDL-C. The percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates was higher in diabetes patients than in those without diabetes, while that from protein and fat was lower in subjects with diabetes. Conclusion The high prevalence and low control rate of diabetes and its comorbidities in Korean adults were confirmed. More stringent efforts are needed to improve the comprehensive management of diabetes to reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of self-awareness of nursing students through a short-term overseas language study.
Methods: Study subjects were 10 nursing students, and collected data were analyzed with open coding, axial coding, selective coding, and process analysis based on Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory (1998).
Results: In total, 23 sub-categories and 12 categories were generated. The 12 categories included "Longing for a bigger world", "Don't want to be intimidated", "Interest in English", "Tension about local classes", "Feeling of pushing the limit", "Getting along with natives", “Making Korean American University students a role model", "Self-observe confronting unfamiliarity", "Self-encourage about enduring hardships", "Self-expansion for a better self", "Recognize self-transformation", "Focusing on the reality". Nursing students' self-awareness experience through a short-term overseas language study was a process of solving the phenomenon of 'feeling of pushing the limit', and a derived core category was 'surpass the feeling of pushing the limit and take a step forward'.
Conclusion Study participants experienced self-awareness. These results will not only expand our understanding about self-awareness of nursing students and educators but will also provide information for developing a short-term overseas study program.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of self-awareness of nursing students through a short-term overseas language study.
Methods: Study subjects were 10 nursing students, and collected data were analyzed with open coding, axial coding, selective coding, and process analysis based on Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory (1998).
Results: In total, 23 sub-categories and 12 categories were generated. The 12 categories included "Longing for a bigger world", "Don't want to be intimidated", "Interest in English", "Tension about local classes", "Feeling of pushing the limit", "Getting along with natives", “Making Korean American University students a role model", "Self-observe confronting unfamiliarity", "Self-encourage about enduring hardships", "Self-expansion for a better self", "Recognize self-transformation", "Focusing on the reality". Nursing students' self-awareness experience through a short-term overseas language study was a process of solving the phenomenon of 'feeling of pushing the limit', and a derived core category was 'surpass the feeling of pushing the limit and take a step forward'.
Conclusion Study participants experienced self-awareness. These results will not only expand our understanding about self-awareness of nursing students and educators but will also provide information for developing a short-term overseas study program.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of empowerment on the relationship between psychiatric nurses’ communication ability and nursing performance. Methods: Relationships among the subjects' communication ability, empowerment, and nursing performance were identified by Pearson's correlation coefficients. The mediating effect of the empowerment between communication ability and nursing performance was analyzed based on the Baron and Kenny approach using multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: There was a direct relationship between the nurses' communication ability and nursing performance while caring for psychiatric patients. The empowerment had a partial significant mediating effect between communication ability and nursing performance. Conclusion It is necessary to develop empowering intervention for psychiatric nurses with poor communication ability and low performance.

PURPOSE: This study purposed to identify the levels of self-awareness, other-awareness, interpersonal relation competence, and smartphone and Internet addiction and identify the influence of self-awareness, other-awareness, and interpersonal relations competence on smartphone and Internet addiction in nursing students. METHODS: Study participants were 479 nursing students who completing structured self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The participants' smartphone addiction risk was shown to be 24.2%. Among the predictors, gender (β=−.11, p < .05), academic year (β=.15, p < .01), self-awareness (β=−.12, p < .05) other-awareness (β=.29, p < .001), and interpersonal relation competence (β=−.20, p < .001) had significant influences on smartphone addiction. The explanatory power of this regression model was 16.0%(F=10.21, p < .001). The participants' Internet addiction risk was shown to be 29.0%. Among the predictors, academic year (β=.12, p < .05), major satisfaction (β=−.17, p < .001), other-awareness (β=.22, p < .001), and interpersonal relation competence (β=−.18, p < .001) had significant influences on Internet addiction. The explanatory power of this regression model was 13.0% (F=8.48, p < .001). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop the early detection and monitoring of smartphone and Internet addiction among nursing students. In addition, specific programs focused on promoting self-awareness and other-awareness for smartphone and Internet addiction should be developed.
Humans ; Internet ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mental Competency ; Nursing ; Smartphone ; Students, Nursing