Objective:To investigate the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Based on the Qingdao Women and Children Health Cohort, pregnant women in the first trimester (11-13 +6 weeks of gestation) were enrolled in this cohort study between May 2019 and October 2022. The VAT was measured in first trimester and determined as the distance from the inner margin of the rectus abdominis muscle to the anterior wall of the great artery using multi-functional color ultrasound. The 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results were followed up at 24-28 weeks and the participants were divided into GDM group and non-GDM group. The pregnant women were divided into 4 groups according to the VAT quartile. Log-binomial model and linear regression model were used to analyze the association between VAT and GDM/blood glucose. Results:A total of 3 686 pregnant women were included in this study, the mean age of participants was (30.56±4.05) years and 722 were diagnosed with GDM, with an incidence of 19.6%. The log-binomial regression model results showed that compared with VAT thickness Q1 (VAT<14.70 mm), the GDM risk in Q3 (21.65≤VAT≤29.69 mm) and Q4 (VAT ≥29.70 mm) increased by 34% [ RR(95% CI): 1.34 (1.08-1.67)], and 61% [ RR(95% CI): 1.61 (1.30-2.00)], respectively. Among women with gestational age<35 years old, compared with VAT thickness Q1, the risk of GDM increased by 42% in Q3 [ RR(95% CI): 1.42 (1.22-1.65)] and 70% [ RR(95% CI): 1.70 (1.46-1.98)] in Q4, whereas no associations were found in women with gestational age ≥35 years old ( P>0.05). The association between VAT and GDM risk was only found in pregnant women with pre-pregnancy BMI <24.0 kg/m 2, and the GDM risk increased by 57% [ RR(95% CI): 1.57 (1.22-2.04)] in Q3 and 65% [ RR(95% CI): 1.65 (1.24-2.19)] in Q4 compare with Q1. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that VAT was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, 1-hour blood glucose after 75 g OGTT and 2-hours blood glucose after 75 g OGTT (all Pfor trend<0.001). Conclusion:High VAT thickness in early pregnancy is an independent risk factor for GDM, and the GDM risk increases with the raising of VAT depth.

Objective:To investigate the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Based on the Qingdao Women and Children Health Cohort, pregnant women in the first trimester (11-13 +6 weeks of gestation) were enrolled in this cohort study between May 2019 and October 2022. The VAT was measured in first trimester and determined as the distance from the inner margin of the rectus abdominis muscle to the anterior wall of the great artery using multi-functional color ultrasound. The 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results were followed up at 24-28 weeks and the participants were divided into GDM group and non-GDM group. The pregnant women were divided into 4 groups according to the VAT quartile. Log-binomial model and linear regression model were used to analyze the association between VAT and GDM/blood glucose. Results:A total of 3 686 pregnant women were included in this study, the mean age of participants was (30.56±4.05) years and 722 were diagnosed with GDM, with an incidence of 19.6%. The log-binomial regression model results showed that compared with VAT thickness Q1 (VAT<14.70 mm), the GDM risk in Q3 (21.65≤VAT≤29.69 mm) and Q4 (VAT ≥29.70 mm) increased by 34% [ RR(95% CI): 1.34 (1.08-1.67)], and 61% [ RR(95% CI): 1.61 (1.30-2.00)], respectively. Among women with gestational age<35 years old, compared with VAT thickness Q1, the risk of GDM increased by 42% in Q3 [ RR(95% CI): 1.42 (1.22-1.65)] and 70% [ RR(95% CI): 1.70 (1.46-1.98)] in Q4, whereas no associations were found in women with gestational age ≥35 years old ( P>0.05). The association between VAT and GDM risk was only found in pregnant women with pre-pregnancy BMI <24.0 kg/m 2, and the GDM risk increased by 57% [ RR(95% CI): 1.57 (1.22-2.04)] in Q3 and 65% [ RR(95% CI): 1.65 (1.24-2.19)] in Q4 compare with Q1. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that VAT was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, 1-hour blood glucose after 75 g OGTT and 2-hours blood glucose after 75 g OGTT (all Pfor trend<0.001). Conclusion:High VAT thickness in early pregnancy is an independent risk factor for GDM, and the GDM risk increases with the raising of VAT depth.

Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)has played an important role in clinical medicine for precise dosing.Currently,chromatographic technology and immunoassay detection are widely used in TDM and have met most of the needs of clinical drug therapy.However,some problems still exist in practical appli-cations,such as complicated operation and the influence of endogenous substances.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)has been applied to detect the concentrations of small molecules,including pesticide residues in crops and antibiotics in milk,which indicates its potential for in vivo drug detection.In this study,a new SPR-based biosensor for detecting chloramphenicol(CAP)in blood samples was developed and validated using methodological verification,including precision,accuracy,matrix effect,and extraction recovery rate,and compared with the classic ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(UPLC-UV)method.The detection range of SPR was 0.1-50 ng/mL and the limit of detec-tion was 0.099±0.023 ng/mL,which was lower than that of UPLC-UV.The intra-day and inter-day ac-curacies of SPR were 98％-114％and 110％-122％,which met the analysis requirement.The results show that the SPR biosensor is identical to UPLC-UV in the detection of CAP in rat blood samples;moreover,the SPR biosensor has better sensitivity.Therefore,the present study shows that SPR technology can be used for the detection of small molecules in the blood samples and has the potential to become a method for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Objective:To evaluate the role of spinal ninjurin 2 (NINJ2) in the neuropathic pain (NP) and the relationship with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in rats.Methods:Thirty-two clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 230-260 g, aged 7-8 weeks, were divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), NP group, NP plus NINJ2 interfering virus group (NP+ siRNA group) and NP plus control virus group (NP+ scrRNA group). After intrathecal catheterization, rats in sham group and NP group received normal saline 10 μl, while NP+ NINJ2 siRNA group and NP+ scrRNA group received NINJ2 siRNA 10 μl and scrRNA 10 μl, respectively.NP model was developed via ligation of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve one week later.Sham group only exposed the sciatic nerve and its branches.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) on the operated side was measured on preoperative days 3 and 1 and postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14.The rats were sacrificed at postoperative day 14, and the lumbar enlargement segments of the spinal cord were harvested for determination of the expression of NINJ2 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) (by Western blot) and contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Compared with Sham group, the MWT on the operated side was significantly decreased, the expression of NINJ2 and p-NF-κB p65 in spinal cord was up-regulated, and contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased on the postoperative days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 in the other three groups ( P<0.05). Compared with NP group, the MWT on the operated side was significantly increased, the expression of NINJ2 and p-NF-κB p65 in spinal cord was down-regulated, and contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased on the postoperative days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 in NP+ siRNA group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in each parameter mentioned above at different time points in NP+ scrRNA group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:NINJ2 is involved in NP, which is related to activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in rats.

Objective:To observe the clinical features of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in multiple fetuses.Methods:Retrospective clinical study. From December 2009 to June 2018, 758 premature or low-weight multiple fetuses (multiple fetuses group) and 2363 simultaneous single fetuses (single fetuses group) who were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology and Neonatal Department of Dongguan People’s Hospital and underwent ROP screening were included in the study. Among the multiple pregnancy group, there were 735 twins and 23 triplets; 441 males and 317 females. The mean gestational age was 32.22±2.14 weeks, and the mean body weight was 1.69±0.43 kg. There were 202 of natural births and 556 of cesarean sections. A total of 750 cases have a history of oxygen. Among the singleton group, 1421 were males and 942 were females. The mean gestational age was 32.06±2.52 weeks, and the mean body weight was 1.70±0.46 kg. There were 1146 of natural births and 1217 of cesarean sections. A total of 2333 cases have a history of oxygen. The detection rate of multiple ROP, gestational age, birth weight, sex composition ratio, mode of birth, time of first ROP diagnosis, and severity of ROP were observed. χ2 test was used to compare the rate between groups, and t test was used to compare the mean between groups. Results:Among the multiple pregnancy group, there were 68 cases (8.97%) of ROP. Among them, 64 twins (8.71%, 64/735), 4 triplets (17.39%, 4/23). Among the singleton group, there were 187 cases (7.91%) of ROP. With the increase of fetal number, the detection rate of ROP increased, but there was no significant difference ( χ2=3.097, P=0.213). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of ROP between multiple fetuses and single fetuses ( χ2=0.855, P=0.355). There was no significant difference in sex ratio ( χ2=0.069), mode of production ( χ2=1.900), birth weight ( t=0.139), gestational age ( t=-0.478), and time of first ROP diagnosis ( t=0.371) between ROP cases of multiple fetuses and single fetuses ( P=0.793, 0.168, 0.889, 0.633, 0.371). There was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of severity of ROP lesions between multiple fetuses and single fetuses ( χ2=3.003, P=0.223). Conclusion:There is no significant difference in ROP incidence, gestational age, birth weight, diagnosis time and severity of ROP between multiple fetuses and single fetuses under the same conditions.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The association between tea consumption and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether tea consumption has an effect on CHD risk in Chinese adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this hospital-based case-control study, 267 cases of CHD and 235 non-CHD controls were enrolled. Blood samples from all cases were examined. Cardiac function indices (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase of the muscle or brain type), blood lipid index (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and blood coagulation function indices (fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplastin time) were recorded. Tea consumption of study participants was assessed by a specifically designed questionnaire. The baseline characteristics of the study populations were recorded, and CHD-related biomarkers were detected. Differences in baseline characteristics of the study participants were examined using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Unconditional logistic regression was used to measure the association between tea and CHD. RESULTS: There were significant differences in cardiac function indices, blood lipid index, and blood coagulation indices between CHD cases and controls (P < 0.05). We found tea consumption reduced CHD risk in female participants (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.242–0.968, P = 0.0403). Regarding the type of tea consumed, the risk of CHD was reduced in women who drank partially fermented tea (adjusted OR = 0.210, 95% CI: 0.084–0.522, P = 0.0008). Analytic results for the amount of tea consumed per unit time showed CHD risk was reduced in women who consumed 1–2 cups of tea per day (adjusted OR = 0.291, 95% CI: 0.131–0.643, P = 0.0023). A tea-drinking frequency of > 6 days/week was beneficial for CHD prevention (adjusted OR = 0.183, 95% CI: 0.049–0.679, P = 0.0112). When analyzed according to the duration of tea consumption, the risk of CHD was reduced in participants who had been drinking tea for 10–20 years (adjusted OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.137–0.946, P = 0.0382). CONCLUSIONS: Tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CHD in female but not male populations in Guangzhou.

Objective To compare and analyze the clinical characteristics of acute central cervical spinal cord injury with only upper extremity involvement and with both upper and lower extremity involvement.Methods A retrospective case control study was made on clinical data of 76 patients with acute central cervical spinal cord injury hospitalized from January 2010 to December 2013.Nerve injury involved was only upper extremity in 39 patients (upper extremity group),but both upper and lower extremities in 37 patients (upper-and lower-extremity group).In upper extremity group,there were 35 males and four females,age was 21-80 years [(52.5 ± 13.4) years],injury resulted from traffic accidents in 24 patients,ground-level falls in eight,high-level falls in six and heavy-object hit in one,and level of injury was C3/4 in 16 patients,C4/5 in 14 and C5/6 in nine.In upper-and lower-extremity group,there were 30 males and seven females,age was 36-78 years [(59.6 ± 9.7) years],injury resulted from traffic accidents in 16 patients,ground-level falls in 11,high-level falls in seven and heavyobject hit in three,and level of injury was C3/4in nine patients,C4/sin 18 and C5/6in 10.Sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal canal,maximal canal compromise,maximal spinal cord compression,degenerating factors of the cervical spine and treatment protocols were determined.Upper extremity function was assessed with the American spinal injury association (ASIA) score.Results There were significant differences between upper extremity group and upper-and lower-extremity group in sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal canal [(7.5 ± 1.5)mm ∶ (6.8 ± 1.2)mm],maximal canal compromise [(28.9 ±9.6)％ ∶ (34.9 ± 10.6)％],ASIA score at admission[(31.6 ± 11.8)points ∶ (22.7± 11.3)points)] and ASIA score at last follow-up [(46.2 ± 4.2) points ∶ (40.2 ± 4.0) points] (P ＜ 0.05),while the maximal spinal cord compression in upper extremity group [(15.7 ± 11.9)％] had no significant difference from that in upper-and lowerextremity group [(17.0 ± 10.6) ％] (P ＞ 0.05).Lower prevalence of posterior osteophyte of the vertebral body was noted in upper extremity group than upper-and lower-extremity group (15％ ∶ 51％) (P ＜0.01).Twenty patients (49％) in upper extremity group were surgically treated,while 31 patients (84％) in upperand lower-extremity group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared to acute central cervical spinal cord injury with both upper and lower extremity involvement,the injury with only upper extremity involvement is much common in younger patients and is characterized by lowered frequency of osteophyte,large buffer space,mild nerve damage,preferred non-operation treatment and good prognosis.

Objective To investigate the application value of magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) for gastric diseases in physical examination of asymptomatic population.Methods Data of 211 asymptomatic individuals who received MCE examinations from July 2015 to December 2016 in Changhai Hospital were collected and rctrospectively analyzed.The tolerance and safety of MCE were studied by analyzing the detection rate for the focal lesions and the rate of endoscopy transfer.Results Among 211 patients,the detection rate of the gastric focal lesions was 9.5％ (20/211).The detection rate in male was higher than that in female (P＜0.05).All patients completed MCE examination successfully and no adverse event was reported.Conclusion MCE,a non-invasive endoscopic modality,is safe and better tolerated than conventional endoscopy,and can be used as a promising approach to screening the gastric diseases in asymptomatic population due to high detection rate of these diseases.

Objective:To explore the protective effect of ellagic acid on the acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) of the mice,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low,medium and high doses of ellagic acid groups (n=10).The mice in normal control group and model group were treated with 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solvent by intragastic administration,and the mice in ellagic acid groups were treated with 160,320,and 480 mg·kg-1 ellagic acid by intragastic administration,respectively.After 14 d,the mice in model group and different doses of ellagic acid groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL·kg-1 0.1% CCl4,while the mice in normal control group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL·kg-1plant oil.16 h later,all the mice were sacrificed and the body weights and the liver indexes of the mice were detected;the serum levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST) were detected;the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and levels of GSH-Px,malonalde hyde(MDA) and catalase(CAT) in liver tissue of the mice were detected.Results:There were no significant differences of the body weights of the mice between each group before and after treatment(P>0.05).Compared with normal control group,the liver indexes and the levels of serum ALT and AST of the mice in model group and different doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with model group,the liver indexes of the mice in different doses of ellagic acid groups were decreased(P<0.05);the serum levels of ALT and AST of the mice in high dose of ellagic acid group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the CAT level in liver homogenate was significantly increased (P<0.05);the levels of GSH-Px in liver homogenate of the mice in medium and high doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05);the activities of SOD in liver homogenate of the mice in different doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the MDA levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion:The ellagic acid has the protective effect on acute chemical liver injury in the mice induced by CCl4 and the most effective dose is 480 mg·kg-1;its mechanism may be related to the anti-oxidation.

Objective To explore the correlation between nursing students' hardiness personality and professional commitment.Methods 1 115 undergraduate nursing students from 3 medical universities in Guangzhou were investigated with the scales of hardiness personality and nursing professional commitment.Results The scores of hardiness personality and professional commitment were (2.55 ± 0.44) and (2.70 ± 0.43),respectively,and both of them were at the middle level.Correlation analysis revealed that hardiness personality was positively related to professional commitment (P＜0.01),and the challenge dimension of hardiness personality had positive predictive effect on professional commitment.Conclusions Nursing educators should take measures to improve students' hardiness personality and professional commitment.It would help maintain the stability of the whole nursing team.