Impaction of the tooth can cause functional and esthetic problems, so early intervention is critical. This report describes two cases of orthodontic traction of impacted mandibular canine and mandibular premolar teeth using a modified mandibular lingual arch soldered with traction hooks rather than a conventional orthodontic appliance. By planning the position and shape of the traction hooks with consideration for the three-dimensional position and angulation of the impacted teeth, clinicians can apply the intended direction and magnitude of traction force. Furthermore, this appliance can be used for multiple impacted teeth in various locations within the mandibular arch by modifying the position and shape of the traction hooks.

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in optical properties, such as color and translucency, between single-shade composite resins (Omnichroma) and multi-shade composite resins (Filtek Z350XT). Furthermore, the study assessed the influence of the surrounding structure’s shades on the shade matching of Omnichroma. Two types of disc-shaped specimens were prepared: Single specimen (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 and 2.0 mm), consisting of either Omnichroma or Filtek Z350XT in the A1B, A2B, and A3B shades, and dual specimen (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 2.0 mm), featuring a bottom layer (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 mm) of Filtek Z350XT in the A1B, A2B, and A3B shades, and a top layer (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 mm) filled with Omnichroma. Commission Internationale d’Eclairage L*a*b* color measurements and calculations for color differences (ΔE*ab) and translucency parameters (TP) of each specimen were performed. Omnichroma exhibited a lighter, more greenish, and blueish color compared to the Filtek Z350XT in A1B, A2B, and A3B shades. With increased thickness, Omnichroma became more yellowish, whereas Filtek Z350XT became less yellowish. Additionally, when Omnichroma was applied over Filtek Z350XT in dual specimens, the yellowness increased further beyond Omnichroma’s original yellowness level. Consequently, Omnichroma achieved clinically acceptable shade matching, especially in the A3 shade, because it aligns well with the original high yellowness of the A3 shade. Additionally, Omnichroma’s superior shade-matching ability was attributed to its higher translucency compared to Filtek Z350XT. Therefore, Omnichroma might be considered useful in pediatric dentistry by simplifying the shade selection process.

Impaction of the tooth can cause functional and esthetic problems, so early intervention is critical. This report describes two cases of orthodontic traction of impacted mandibular canine and mandibular premolar teeth using a modified mandibular lingual arch soldered with traction hooks rather than a conventional orthodontic appliance. By planning the position and shape of the traction hooks with consideration for the three-dimensional position and angulation of the impacted teeth, clinicians can apply the intended direction and magnitude of traction force. Furthermore, this appliance can be used for multiple impacted teeth in various locations within the mandibular arch by modifying the position and shape of the traction hooks.

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in optical properties, such as color and translucency, between single-shade composite resins (Omnichroma) and multi-shade composite resins (Filtek Z350XT). Furthermore, the study assessed the influence of the surrounding structure’s shades on the shade matching of Omnichroma. Two types of disc-shaped specimens were prepared: Single specimen (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 and 2.0 mm), consisting of either Omnichroma or Filtek Z350XT in the A1B, A2B, and A3B shades, and dual specimen (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 2.0 mm), featuring a bottom layer (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 mm) of Filtek Z350XT in the A1B, A2B, and A3B shades, and a top layer (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 mm) filled with Omnichroma. Commission Internationale d’Eclairage L*a*b* color measurements and calculations for color differences (ΔE*ab) and translucency parameters (TP) of each specimen were performed. Omnichroma exhibited a lighter, more greenish, and blueish color compared to the Filtek Z350XT in A1B, A2B, and A3B shades. With increased thickness, Omnichroma became more yellowish, whereas Filtek Z350XT became less yellowish. Additionally, when Omnichroma was applied over Filtek Z350XT in dual specimens, the yellowness increased further beyond Omnichroma’s original yellowness level. Consequently, Omnichroma achieved clinically acceptable shade matching, especially in the A3 shade, because it aligns well with the original high yellowness of the A3 shade. Additionally, Omnichroma’s superior shade-matching ability was attributed to its higher translucency compared to Filtek Z350XT. Therefore, Omnichroma might be considered useful in pediatric dentistry by simplifying the shade selection process.

Impaction of the tooth can cause functional and esthetic problems, so early intervention is critical. This report describes two cases of orthodontic traction of impacted mandibular canine and mandibular premolar teeth using a modified mandibular lingual arch soldered with traction hooks rather than a conventional orthodontic appliance. By planning the position and shape of the traction hooks with consideration for the three-dimensional position and angulation of the impacted teeth, clinicians can apply the intended direction and magnitude of traction force. Furthermore, this appliance can be used for multiple impacted teeth in various locations within the mandibular arch by modifying the position and shape of the traction hooks.

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in optical properties, such as color and translucency, between single-shade composite resins (Omnichroma) and multi-shade composite resins (Filtek Z350XT). Furthermore, the study assessed the influence of the surrounding structure’s shades on the shade matching of Omnichroma. Two types of disc-shaped specimens were prepared: Single specimen (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 and 2.0 mm), consisting of either Omnichroma or Filtek Z350XT in the A1B, A2B, and A3B shades, and dual specimen (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 2.0 mm), featuring a bottom layer (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 mm) of Filtek Z350XT in the A1B, A2B, and A3B shades, and a top layer (diameter, 8.0 mm; thickness, 1.0 mm) filled with Omnichroma. Commission Internationale d’Eclairage L*a*b* color measurements and calculations for color differences (ΔE*ab) and translucency parameters (TP) of each specimen were performed. Omnichroma exhibited a lighter, more greenish, and blueish color compared to the Filtek Z350XT in A1B, A2B, and A3B shades. With increased thickness, Omnichroma became more yellowish, whereas Filtek Z350XT became less yellowish. Additionally, when Omnichroma was applied over Filtek Z350XT in dual specimens, the yellowness increased further beyond Omnichroma’s original yellowness level. Consequently, Omnichroma achieved clinically acceptable shade matching, especially in the A3 shade, because it aligns well with the original high yellowness of the A3 shade. Additionally, Omnichroma’s superior shade-matching ability was attributed to its higher translucency compared to Filtek Z350XT. Therefore, Omnichroma might be considered useful in pediatric dentistry by simplifying the shade selection process.

Paxlovid is the first approved oral treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 and includes nirmatrelvir, a protease inhibitor targeting the main protease (Mpro ) of SARS-CoV-2, as one of the key components. While some specific mutations emerged in Mpro were revealed to significantly reduce viral susceptibility to nirmatrelvir in vitro, there is no report regarding resistance to nirmatrelvir in patients and animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection yet. We recently developed xenograft tumors derived from Calu-3 cells in immunodeficient mice and demonstrated extended replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the tumors. In this study, we investigated the effect of nirmatrelvir administration on SARS-CoV-2 replication. Treatment with nirmatrelvir after virus infection significantly reduced the replication of the parental SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron at 5 days post-infection (dpi). However, the virus titers were completely recovered at the time points of 15 and 30 dpi. The virus genomes in the tumors at 30 dpi were analyzed to investigate whether nirmatrelvir-resistant mutant viruses had emerged during the extended replication of SARS-CoV-2. Various mutations in several genes including ORF1ab, ORF3a, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, and N occurred in the SARS-CoV-2 genome; however, no mutations were induced in the Mpro sequence by a single round of nirmatrelvir treatment, and none were observed even after two rounds of treatment. The parental SARS-CoV-2 and its sublineage isolates showed similar IC50 values of nirmatrelvir in Vero E6 cells. Therefore, it is probable that inducing viral resistance to nirmatrelvir in vivo is challenging differently from in vitro passage.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical significance of two parameters, division of standardized uptake value (SUV) of target arterial activity by background venous blood pool activity ( ­SUVA/V ) and subtraction of background venous blood pool activity from SUV of target arterial activity ­(SUVA‑V ) of carotid arteries with atherosclerotic plaques using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods: Patients aged 50 years or more who were diagnosed with carotid artery stenosis of 50% or more with carotid Doppler ultrasonography and had torso 18F-FDG PET/CT were enrolled retrospectively and classified patients who developed cerebrovascular events (CVEs) within 5 years after 18F-FDG PET/CT scan as the active group and patients who did not experience the CVE within 5 years as an inactive group. We calculated SUVA/V and ­SUVA‑V using measurements of ­SUVmax Results: SUVA‑V ­ SUVA‑V_high , and ­SUVA‑V_low were significantly higher in the active group than in the inactive group, but neithe SUVA/V ­ SUVA‑V_high , nor ­­SUVA‑V_low showed significant differences between the active and inactive groups. Thedifference in rank between groups of SUVA‑V_high and ­SUVA‑V_low was greater than the difference in rank between groups of SUVA‑V_high and ­­SUVA‑V_low . The CVE incidence differed between SUVA‑V_high and ­­SUVA‑V_low of high carotid FDG uptake, but the CVE incidence did not differ between SUVA‑V_high and ­­SUVA‑V_low of high carotid FDG uptake. Conclusion SUVA‑V may be a more rational solution than ­SUVA/V for evaluating atherosclerotic plaque inflammation on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: Tetracycline is not recommended for children under 12 by guideline due to the risk of tooth discoloration. We aimed to assess the incidence of dental discoloration in Korean children prescribed tetracyclines and investigate whether its risk was greater in tetracyclineexposed children than in the general population. Methods: This population-based cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service database included children aged 0–12 years exposed to tetracyclines for at least 1 day between January 2008 and December 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of dental discoloration ≥6 months after prescription, and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was evaluated as secondary outcome. Results: 56,990 children were included—1,735 and 55,255 aged <8 and 8–12 years, respectively. 61% children were prescribed tetracycline for <14 days with mostly secondgeneration tetracyclines, doxycycline (61%) and minocycline (35%). The 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence rates of dental discoloration were 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0–5.7%) and 5.7% (95% CI, 4.1% to 7.8%), respectively, in the 0–7 years age group and 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7% to 0.9%) and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1% to 1.4%), respectively, in the 8–12 years age group. Tetracycline exposure did not increase such risk compared to that in the general population (SIR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.60). Conclusions The incidence of dental discoloration was lower than previously suggested.Relieving the age restriction for prescribing tetracyclines may be considered.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of job stress, social support, and infection control fatigue on professional quality of life among nurses in designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitals. Methods: As a descriptive study, data were collected from 157 nurses working at four designated COVID-19 hospitals employing self-report questionnaires. The data were collected from September 1 to September 30, 2021, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: Job stress, marital status and social support affected compassion satisfaction with the professional quality of life, showing 30% of explanatory power. Job stress and social support affected burnout with the professional quality of life, showing 34% of explanatory power. Infection control fatigue affected secondary traumatic stress in the professional quality of life and the explanatory power was 11%. Conclusion Efforts are needed to improve nurses' professional quality of life by preparing and applying interventions to reduce job stress and improve social support for nurses working in hospitals dedicated to COVID-19. Further, nursing efforts and institutional support will be needed to reduce infection control fatigue.