Objective To investigate the effect of Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)lljinskaja polysaccharides on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats by regulating glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)translocation in islet and liver.Methods High-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin(35 mg·kg-1)to induce type 2 diabetes model,all the rats were randomly divided into model control group,Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides groups(5,10 g·kg-1)and metformin group(0.25 g·kg-1),and treated for eight weeks(n=9 in each group).Fasting glucose and lipid were determined.Histopathology of rat islet and liver were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Protein expressions of phosphorylated phosphoinositide-3-kinase(p-PI3K),phosphorylated serine-threonine kinase 1(p-Akt1),and GLUT4 in islet were measured by immunohistochemistry staining.GLUT4 translocation in the islet and liver was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the model control group,the Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides group and metformin group had declined fasting glucose levels and increased high-density lipoprotein(P＜0.05).The structure of the islets and liver was relatively complete.The content of p-PI3K,p-Akt1 and GLUT4 in the islet increased(P＜0.05).GLUT4 translocation in the liver and islet enhanced(P＜0.05).Conclusions Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.The mechanism may lay in it activating protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-Akt1,and GLUT4 in islet cells.GLUT4 translocation to the islet and liver cell membrane are increased to regulate peripheral islet resistance.

AIM:To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng compound formula(PN)on endometrial fibro-sis by regulating inflammatory reaction and intestinal flora(IF)in a rat model of intrauterine adhesion(IUA).METHODS:The rat IUA model was established by following the mechanical injury method.A total of 50 rats were randomly divided in-to sham group,model group,low-dose(210 mg/kg)PN group,medium-dose(420 mg/kg)PN group and high-dose(840 mg/kg)PN group.After 8 weeks of intragastric administration,the uterus was collected to observe morphological changes with naked eye.The degree of uterine tissue damage and fibrosis was evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Mas-son staining.The collagen type Ⅰ(Col Ⅰ)was detected by immunohistochemistry.The interleukin-6(IL-6)and IL-10 pro-tein expression was detected by Western blot.The levels of IL-6,IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and vascular endothelial growth factor B(VEGFB)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The IF diversity and population structure were observed by 16S amplicon.RESULTS:Compared with the sham group,the uteruses of rats in the model group showed:reduced elasticity,accompanied by congestion and edema;decreased number of glands and blood vessels,and thinned endometrium(P<0.01);increased collagen fibers and Col Ⅰ protein expression(P<0.01);sig-nificantly increased IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and VEGFB levels in the uterine tissue(P<0.01);decreased IL-10 level(P<0.01);and reduced IF diversity(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the drug intervention groups exhibited:re-covered elasticity of the uterus and relieved congestion and edema;increased number of endometrial glands and blood ves-sels(P<0.05);decreased collagen fibers and Col Ⅰ protein expression(P<0.01);reduced IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α lev-els to varying degrees in the uterine tissue(P<0.05);elevated IL-10 level(P<0.01);and improved IF diversity(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The PN is able to significantly improve the endometrial tissue fibrosis in IUA rats.The under-lying mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α expression,up-regulation of IL-10,and im-provement of IF diversity.

Sympathetic cues via the adrenergic signaling critically regulate bone homeostasis and contribute to neurostress-induced bone loss, but the mechanisms and therapeutics remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we reveal an osteoclastogenesis-centered functionally important osteopenic pathogenesis under sympatho-adrenergic activation with characterized microRNA response and efficient therapeutics. We discovered that osteoclastic miR-21 was tightly regulated by sympatho-adrenergic cues downstream the β2-adrenergic receptor (β₂AR) signaling, critically modulated osteoclastogenesis in vivo by inhibiting programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), and mediated detrimental effects of both isoproterenol (ISO) and chronic variable stress (CVS) on bone. Intriguingly, without affecting osteoblastic bone formation, bone protection against ISO and CVS was sufficiently achieved by a (D-Asp₈)-lipid nanoparticle-mediated targeted inhibition of osteoclastic miR-21 or by clinically relevant drugs to suppress osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, these results unravel a previously underdetermined molecular and functional paradigm that osteoclastogenesis crucially contributes to sympatho-adrenergic regulation of bone and establish multiple targeted therapeutic strategies to counteract osteopenias under stresses.
Adrenergic Agents/pharmacology* ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/pharmacology* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism* ; Humans ; Liposomes ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Nanoparticles ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis/physiology* ; RNA-Binding Proteins/pharmacology*

Objective To investigate the changes of brain function in moderate and high myopia patients using fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF),and discuss the correlation between brain function changes and clinical data of patients with myopia.Methods Totally 21 moderate and high myopia patients (myopia group),and 21 healthy volunteers (normal control group) who were matched with myopia patients in age and gender,were selected to take rs-fMRI examination.The difference of fALFF of brain functional activity in patients with myopia and normal controls was compared,and the correlation between the changes of fALFF and clinical data of patients with myopia was analyzed,Results Compared with normal control group,the fALFF values of myopia group in the region of the left inferior frontal gyrus,putamen and right inferior frontal gyrus,putamen and insula were significantly lower (all P ＜ 0.05,AlphaSim corrected).However,in bilateral cingulate gyrus,bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus,left postcentral gyrus,left superior parietal lobule and region,fALFF values were increased (all P ＜ 0.05,AlphaSim corrected).Conclusion Patients with myopia are accompanied by abnormal neuronal activity in many brain areas,which may reflect the dysfunction of language understanding and attention control in myopic patients.

Objective To conduct the statistical analysis on the free carnitine and acylcarnitines levels in 0?6 years old children by detecting the contents of free carnitine and acylcarnitines in dry blood spot to provide the biological reference range for the diagnosis of fatty acid metabolic disorder and organic acidemia.Methods The levels of acylcarnitines of peripheral blood dry blood spot in 263 normal children were detected by using the isotopic dilution non-derived tandem mass spectrometry.All children were divided into male and female groups according to different genders and divided into the groups according to the age,1-28 d(gestational weeks ≥37 weeks),1-12 months old,13 months-3 years old and 4-6 years old.Results The detection results after normality test found that the levels of free carnitine and acylcarnitines in children showed a normality distribution.The free carnitine and various acylcarnitines levels had no statistical difference between male children and female children (t=0.5,P=0.619).The C4,C5,C6,C10,C12 and C18 had equal variance among various age groups(P>0.05) and could conducted the one way variance analysis;C0,C2,C3,C5,OH,C6,C8,C14,C16 and C18 had the variance heterogeneity among different age groups(P<0.05) and could conduct the rank-sum test(P<0.05).The C0,C2,C3,C5,OH,C6,C8,C10,C12,C14,C16 and C18 had statistical differences among different age groups,the reference value ranges were calculated according to different ages.The difference in C4 and C5 had no statistical significance and the reference value range could be calculated by the merged group.Conclusion It is a very important for the diagnosis and treatment of fatty acid metabolic disorder and organic acidemia to establish the reference value ranges of dry blood spot free carnitine and acylcarnitines in children according to different ages.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics and correlation of intelligence development and socioemotional development in 1~3 years old children with expressive language disorder,and provide a basis for early intervention.Methods125 cases with expressive language disorder(language disorder group) and 126 normal children (normal group) are evaluated in two parts (intelligence and social mood) with 0~6 years old neuropsychological development diagnosis scale and Chinese version of urban infant-toddler social and emotional assessment.Results (1)The scores in language disorder group were lower than normal group in the area of free movements (81.60±10.40 vs 89.62±7.94),adaptability (81.48±10.95 vs 91.25±8.89),language (67.46±7.20 vs 89.13±8.24),social behavior (76.61±9.73 vs 90.12±8.13) and total developmental quotient (80.17±6.39 vs 91.15±6.05) (P<0.05).(2) There were significant differences between language disorder group and normal group in the area of externalizing behavior(56.28±10.15 vs 53.57±7.91),deregulation (56.45±10.61 vs 51.11±9.32) and capabilities(46.79±9.08 vs 51.25±7.47) (P<0.05).The boys' scores in internalizing behavior were lower than the girls' (49.19±10.76 vs 54.71±9.90) (P<0.05).(3) The scores of gross motor had positive correlation with externalizing behavior (r=0.220,P<0.05).The scores of language had negative correlation with externalizing behavior and deregulation(r=-0.650,P<0.05;r=-0.470,P<0.05).The scores of social behavior had negative correlation with externalizing behavior (r=-0.208,P<0.05).There was also a negative correlation between total development and deregulation (r=-0.184,P<0.05).(4) Multiple stepwise linear regression results showed that the externalizing behavior domain and mothers' education could predict 44.1% of variances in the language area.ConclusionThe children with expressive language disorder not only show backward in level of language development,but also in the development of other areas,and also bad social behavior and emotional problems.Individualized parenting interventions should be adopted to promote these children's intelligent development in an all-round way.

Objective To evaluate vitamin D status in middle-aged subjects in Beijing and explore the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] levels and dyslipidemia.Methods A total of 448 individuals over 40 years old were enrolled in the cross-sectional survey.The general information,blood biochemical and lipid profiles and serum 25 (OH) D levels were collected.The subjects were either divided into two groups (the dyslipidemia group and the non-dyslipidemia group) based on the lipid levels,or four groups according to quartiles of 25 (OH) D levels.The association between 25 (OH) D levels and dyslipidemia risk was analyzed by a logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 234 cases were in dyslipidemia group,which accounted for 52.23％ of the subjects.The serum 25 (OH) D levels were significantly lower in the dyslipidemia group than in the non-dyslipidemia group both in men and in women (all P ＜ 0.05).The median serum 25 (OH) D level in the total subjects was 15.7 (12.2,20.1) μg/L with 91.1％ subjects of serum 25 (OH) D level ＜ 30 μg/L.The proportion of subjects with dyslipidemia (high TC,high TG,high LDL-C,or low HDL-C) increased with the decrease of 25 (OH) D level quartiles (P ＜0.05).After adjustment of confounding factors,the logistic regression analysis showed that subjects in the lowest 25 (OH) D quartile group had 143％ higher risks for dyslipidemia than those in the highest quartile group.Conclusion These findings indicate that 25 (OH) D insufficiency is highly prevalent among middleaged individuals and it may be associated with the risk of dyslipidemia.

OBJECTIVETo establish a laboratory method for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum based on variable number tandem repeat (VNTR).

METHODSMycobacterium tuberculosis was tested by VNTR and fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) in 130 sputum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 200 specimens from patients with other lung diseases. According to the amplification conditions and clinical detection needs, MTUB21, MUTB04, QUB18, QUB26, QUB11b, MIRU31, MIRU10 and MIRU26 were selected as test targets. The results of VNTR and FQ-PCR were compared with Lowenstein-Jensen culture and clinical diagnosis, and analyzed by chi-square test.

RESULTSWith the results of L-J culture as the standard, the sensitivity and specificity of VNTR were 93.1% (108/116) and 97.7% (209/214), and those of FQ-PCR were 94.0% (109/116) and 96.7% (207/214), respectively; no significant difference was observed between two groups (χ2=0.352, P=0.569). Using the clinical diagnosis as the standard, the sensitivity and specificity of VNTR were 86.9% (113/130) and 100% (200/200), and those of FQ-PCR were 87.7% (114/130) and 99.0% (198/200), respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.030, P=0.862). In 113 VNTR positive samples, the molecular codes differed from each other in 98.2% samples (111/113); only 2 samples had identical code (5-4-6-8-5-5-3-8).

CONCLUSIONThe study suggests that VNTR provides a promising method for diagnosis of clinical tuberculosis.

Humans ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of calycosin-7-glucoside,specnuezhenide,ber-berine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride and rosmarinic acid in Xialiqi capsule. METHODS:UPLC was performed on the col-umn of Shield RP18 with mobile phase of nitrile-0.2%formic acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min,the column tem-perature was 35 ℃,the detection wavelength was 240 nm,and the injection volume was 1 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.619-39.6 μg/ml for calycosin-7-glucoside(r=0.999 9),1.181-115.6 μg/ml for specnuezhenide(r=0.999 9),0.89-57.2 μg/ml for berberine hydrochloride(r=0.999 9),1.16-74 μg/ml for palmatine hydrochloride(r=0.999 9)and 2.47-157.8 μg/ml for rosmarinic acid(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%,recoveries were 97.98%-102.44%(RSD=1.49%,n=9),97.37%-100.96%(RSD=1.13%,n=9),98.53%-102.30%(RSD=1.40%,n=9),97.06%-102.21%(RSD=1.46%,n=9)and 100.10%-102.25%(RSD=0.68%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Xialiqi capsule.

Objective: To establish a laboratory method for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum based on variable number tandem repeat ( VNTR) .Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis was tested by VNTR and fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( FQ-PCR ) in 130 sputum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 200 specimens from patients with other lung diseases.According to the amplification conditions and clinical detection needs, MTUB21, MUTB04, QUB18, QUB26, QUB11b, MIRU31, MIRU10 and MIRU26 were selected as test targets.The results of VNTR and FQ-PCR were compared with Lowenstein-Jensen culture and clinical diagnosis, and analyzed by chi-square test. Results:With the results of L-J culture as the standard, the sensitivity and specificity of VNTR were 93.1%(108/116) and 97.7%(209/214), and those of FQ-PCR were 94 .0% ( 109/116 ) and 96 .7% ( 207/214 ) , respectively; no significant difference was observed between two groups (χ2 =0.352, P =0.569 ).Using the clinical diagnosis as the standard, the sensitivity and specificity of VNTR were 86.9% (113/130) and 100% (200/200), and those of FQ-PCR were 87.7% (114/130) and 99.0%(198/200), respectively;the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.030, P=0.862).In 113 VNTR positive samples, the molecular codes differed from each other in 98.2%samples (111/113);only 2 samples had identical code (5 4 6 8 5 5 3 8 ) .Conclusion:The study suggests that VNTR provides a promising method for diagnosis of clinical tuberculosis.