[Objective]To investigate the efficacy of a blended instruction model which incorporated preceptorship into the clinical anatomy course at Sun Yat-sen University and improve satisfaction and performance of medical students.[Methods]The study recruited participants including 375 Chinese students aged 20-24 years old,2 anatomy professors,49 surgeons and 7 lab technicians. The students were divided into 10 teams and each team was tutored by 1 anatomy professor,2 surgeons and 1 lab technician. After the course ended,the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Student Experience in Education Questionnaire (SEEQ) were used in the survey to measure the quality of teaching and students' overall educational experience. Students' performance scores were collected and analyzed.[Results]The response rates for CEQ and SEEQ were 60.3％ (226/375) and 54.6％ (200/375),respectively. CEQ indicated a moderate level of overall satisfaction with 7.12 out of 10. Subscales like Clear Goals,Good Teaching and Generic Skills showed moderately positive reception of the course,while subscales like Appropriate Workload and Appropriate Assessment revealed students' concerns about heavy workload and difficult exam. There was no statistically significant difference in perceptions between male and female students. The students who are more satisfied with the quality of the course are also more satisfied with the way it is taught (P<0.01). SEEQ further confirmed the universal appeal of the course,with high scores in dimensions like Learning,Enthusiasm and Individual Rapport among the students. Qualitative responses highlighted areas of improvement,such as consistent teaching methods,practical hands-on experience for the students and alignment between what was taught and tested.The students after the preceptorship introduction achieved better academic performance than before.[Conclusions]The blended instruction model incorporating preceptorship enhances the student satisfaction and performance in clinical anatomy course,and also stimulates students' learning enthusiasm and group interaction. We need further improvement in the teaching quality control,syllabus contents and course assessment for teaching of clinical anatomy.

Objective:To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) of the abdomen and pelvis.Method:The retrospec-tive and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 8 patients with DSRCT of the abdomen and pelvis, including 3 cases admitted in Yueqing People's Hospital and 5 cases admitted in Wenzhou People's Hospital, from January 2008 to June 2022 were collected. There were 5 males and 3 females, aged (43±5)years. All patients underwent MRI plain and enhanced scanning. Observa-tion indicators: (1) imaging features of DSRCT of the abdomen and pelvis; (2) treatment and pathological examination characteristics of DSRCT of the abdomen and pelvis; (3) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distri-bution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Imaging features of DSRCT of the abdomen and pelvis. ① Tumor location. Of the 8 patients, there were 6 cases with tumors located respectively at the lower edge of the liver in the right quarter costal region, the medial side of the ileocecal region in the right iliac region, the medial side of the caecum in the right iliac region, the gastro-pancreatic space in the left quarter costal region, the mesenteric space in the left iliac region and the right side of pelvic bladder, and 2 cases with tumors located at retroperitoneal space of left quarter rib region. ② Tumor size. There were 13 lesions in the 8 patients, and the maximum diameter of tumor was 9.1 (range, 3.5?20.0)cm. Of the 8 patients, there were 5 cases with single tumor and 3 cases with multiple tumors. ③ Tumor shape and boundary. Of the 8 patients, there were 4 cases with tumor in expansive growth and 4 cases with tumor in invasive growth. There were 5 cases with tumor of intratumoral necrosis and cystic degene-ration, 4 cases with tumor of intratumoral hemorrhage, 4 cases with tumor of intratumoral spot calcification, 3 cases with tumor of peritumoral tissue exudation. One patient may combined with multiple imaging manifestations. ④ Imaging characteristics of MRI plain scanning. Of the 8 patients, there were 4 cases with tumor of homogeneous hypointensity signal and 4 cases with tumor of hypointensity mixed with speckled hyperintensity (with hemorrhage) in T1 weighted imaging of MRI plain scanning. There were 3 cases with tumor of homogeneous hyperintensity and 5 cases with tumor of high signal at the edge, patchy and spot-shaped in the center in T2 weighted imaging of MRI plain scanning. There were 5 cases with tumor of high, equal and low confounding signals and 3 cases with tumor of high and low signals in T2 weighted imaging fat suppression sequence of MRI plain scanning. There were 3 cases with tumor of uniform high signals and 5 cases with tumor of high, equal and low mixed signals in diffusion weighted imaging of MRI plain scanning. ⑤ Imaging characteristics of MRI enhanced scanning. All 8 patients had tumor of heterogeneous enhancement in MRI enhanced scanning, including 2 cases with significant enhancement in arterial phase, continuous enhancement in portal phase, slightly reduced enhancement in delayed phase, 4 cases with moderate enhancement in arterial phase, continuous enhancement in portal phase, slowly exited enhancement in delayed phase, 2 cases with mild enhancement in arterial phase, continuous enhancement in portal phase, slowly exited enhancement in delayed phase. Of the 8 patients, there were 3 cases with tumor of annular enhancement with intratumoral strip or grid signals and 3 cases with tumor of peritumoral blood vessels increased and thickened signals. ⑥ Tumor invasion and metastasis. Of the 8 patients, there were 4 cases with tumor invaded bowel, 2 cases with tumor invaded surrounding tissues, 1 case with tumor invaded left kidney, spleen and pancreatic tail, 1 case with tumor invaded distal of left ureter. There were 5 cases with abdominal, retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph nodes enlargement, 4 cases with multiple nodular thickening of peritoneum and ascites, 2 cases with tumor liver and lung metastasis and 1 case with tumor rib, femur and sacrum metastasis. One patient may combined with multiple tumor metastasis. (2) Treatment and patholo-gical examination characteristics of DSRCT of the abdomen and pelvis. Of the 8 patients, 3 patients underwent complete resection as clear tumor boundary, 3 patients underwent tumor partial resection as tight adhesion between tumor and surrounding blood vessels, 2 cases underwent tumor tissue pathological examination as extensive metastasis of peritoneum, omentum, mesentery and surrounding intestine. All 8 patients were diagnosed as DSRCT by microscopic examination, electron microscopic examination, immunohistochemical staining and cytogenetic examination. (3) Follow-up. All 8 patients underwent postoperative follow-up and died during the follow-up.Conclusion:MRI features of abdominal and pelvic DSRCT include single or multiple lobulated masses with unclear boundaries, invading the omentum, mesentery, peritoneum and adjacent tissues in most cases, mixed signals and heterogeneous mild to moderate enhancement in enhanced scanning.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically determined, active and orderly cell death in the organism, and it affects the evolution of the organism, maintenance of its homeostasis, and development of several tissues and organs. The abnormal regulation of this process is closely related to various human diseases, including cancer. The identified pathways of PCD include apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, which can be activated when cells are stimulated by various internal and external environmental factors. These pathways can induce cell death or maintain cell survival in kidney cancer cells under the regulation of various signaling molecules, thus affecting tumor progression or therapeutic efficacy. In this paper, the role of these PCD pathways in the development of kidney cancer was reviewed in light of recent research advances to provide new directions for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of kidney cancer and the development of targeted antitumor drugs.

Developing universal CARs with improved flexible targeting and controllable activities is urgently needed. While several studies have suggested the potential of CD16a in tandem with monoclonal antibodies to construct universal CAR-T cells, the weak affinity between them is one of the limiting factors for efficacy. Herein, we systematically investigated the impact of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) affinity on CAR-T cells properties by constructing universal CARs using Fcγ receptors with different affinities for IgG1 antibodies, namely CD16a, CD32a, and CD64. We demonstrated that the activities of these universal CAR-T cells on tumor cells could be redirected and regulated by IgG1 antibodies. In xenografted mice, 64CAR chimeric Jurkat cells with the highest affinity showed significant antitumor effects in combination with herceptin in the HER2 low expression U251 MG model. However, in the CD20 high expression Raji model, 64CAR caused excessive activation of CAR-T cells, which resulted in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and the decline of antitumor activity, and 32CAR with a moderate affinity brought the best efficacy. Our work extended the knowledge about FcγR-based universal CAR-T cells and suggested that only the FcγRCAR with an appropriate affinity can offer the optimal antitumor advantages of CAR-T cells.

Objective:To report pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) intubation techniques and to analyze the influencing factors of pediatric ERCP in China.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 90 cases of pediatric and adult ERCP operations respectively at Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2016 to June 2020. The anatomic data, intubation time, and endoscopic intubation measures were reviewed. The anatomic differences in duodenal papilla between the children and adults were analyzed to find the factors affecting ERCP intubation time in children.Results:There were 88 cases of successful infantile intubation with the success rate of 97.8%, and 90 cases of successful adult intubation with the success rate of 100.0%. The intubation time in the pediatric group was 187±67 s, and that in the adult group was 247±86 s with significant difference ( t=5.220, P<0.001). The duodenal diameter of pediatric patients was 3.38±1.57 cm, and that of adult patients was 5.94±1.87 cm with significant difference ( t=9.832, P<0.001). The horizontal distance from the duodenal bulb to the papilla in pediatric patients was 2.44±1.15 cm, which was significantly shorter than 4.22±1.43 cm in adult patients ( t=9.077, P<0.001). Most duodenal papillae in children were hemispherical [flat 26.1% (23/88), hemispherical 51.1% (45/88), cylindrical 22.7% (20/88)], while most of those in the adult patients were cylindrical [flat 9.1% (8/88), hemispherical 23.9% (21/88), cylindrical 67.0% (59/88)]. The factors influencing the intubation time of ERCP in children by univariate analysis included the shape of duodenal papilla, duodenal papilla hardness, visual region, distance from junction of duodenal bulb and descending part to duodenal papilla, distance from duodenal papilla to endoscope, and degree of incising. Conclusion:Shorter and stiffer duodenal papillae in children with normal papilla orientation are associated with shorter intubation time. These indicators are favorable factors for intubation.

BACKGROUND: Cell competition is an important feature in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to explore the role of exosomes derived from normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells involved in PC progression. METHODS: PC cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were treated with exosomes isolated from pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 assays. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by Transwell assays. PC and matched adjacent non-tumor tissue specimens were obtained from 46 patients pathologically diagnosed with PC at Peking University First Hospital from 2013 to 2017. Tissue miR-485-3p and p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1) expression was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the relationship of the two was analyzed using Pearman's product-moment correlation. The clinical significance of miR-485-3p was analyzed using the Chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Fisher exact probability, respectively. The binding of miR-485-3p to PAK1 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) was examined by luciferase assay. PC cells were xenografted into nude mice as a PC metastasis model. RESULTS: Exosomes from pancreatic ductal epithelial cells suppressed PC cell migration and invasion as well as the secretion and migration of PSCs. MiR-485-3p was enriched in the exosomes of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells but deficient in those of PC cells and PSCs, in accordance with the lower level in PSCs and PC cells than that in pancreatic ductal cells. And the mature miR-485-3p could be delivered into these cells by the exosomes secreted by normal pancreatic duct cells, to inhibit PC cell migration and invasion. Clinical data analysis showed that miR-485-3p was significantly decreased in PC tissues (P < 0.05) and was negatively associated with lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.044). As a direct target of miR-485-3p, PAK1 was found to exert an inhibitory effect on PC cells, and there was a significantly negative correlation between the expression levels of miR-485-3p and PAK1 (r = -0.6525, P < 0.0001) in PC tissues. Moreover, miR-485-3p could suppress PC metastasis in vivo by targeting p21-activated kinase-1. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal miR-485-3p delivered by normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells into PC cells inhibits PC metastasis by directly targeting PAK1. The restoration of miR-485-3p by exosomes or some other vehicle might be a novel approach for PC treatment.
Animals ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Mice, Nude ; p21-Activated Kinases/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics* ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism* ; Pancreatic Ducts/pathology* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Movement ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC) originated in the West more than half a century ago.IGBC was translated and introduced into China afterwards with widespread clinical application.With the popularization of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the trend of "abuse" of IGBC has become increasingly apparent worldwide.Many advanced gallbladder cancers have been categorized as IGBC which actually become the synonym of "missed diagnosis" . From the point of the pathology, the diagnosis of IGBC may cause delays in treatment and adversely affect the patient′s prognosis.For country like China with relatively high incidences of chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and gallbladder cancer, the concept of IGBC, however, is no longer applicable to our diagnosis treat model.For improving the prognosis of gallbladder patients, it is necessary to update and rename the concept of IGBC and more attention should be paid to improve the diagnostic level of early stage tumor.

Incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC) originated in the West more than half a century ago.IGBC was translated and introduced into China afterwards with widespread clinical application.With the popularization of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the trend of "abuse" of IGBC has become increasingly apparent worldwide.Many advanced gallbladder cancers have been categorized as IGBC which actually become the synonym of "missed diagnosis" . From the point of the pathology, the diagnosis of IGBC may cause delays in treatment and adversely affect the patient′s prognosis.For country like China with relatively high incidences of chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and gallbladder cancer, the concept of IGBC, however, is no longer applicable to our diagnosis treat model.For improving the prognosis of gallbladder patients, it is necessary to update and rename the concept of IGBC and more attention should be paid to improve the diagnostic level of early stage tumor.

Objective:To discuss the clinical characteristics of the Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in the non-HIV-infected blood disease patients, and to analyze its risk factors, treatment methods, prognosis and prevention measures.Methods:A female patient aged 18years old was confirmed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , and experienced dyspnea, chest congestion and hypoxaemia during the recovery period of hemogram after chemotherapy.The chest CT showed the bilateral lung diffuse ground glass density images.The patient had a dry cough and the oxygen saturation was gradually decreased to 75％5dafter antibacteriological treatment.A repeat chest CT showed enlarged diffuse ground glass density images on both lungs.Considering about the possibility of PCP, the patient received oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) 1g, once every 6h, in combination with caspofungin.Results:Two days later, the symptoms of the patients were not improved.The patient was transferred to ICU and was diagnosed PCP by bronchoalveolar lavage.The patient was switched to oral TMP/SMX2g, once every 8h, in combination with caspofungin.Meanwhile, the patient received bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation (Bipap) for the increased work of breathing.Five days later, the symptoms of the patients were improved and the Bipap was stopped.The patient got better and discharged 5dlater.The patient continuely received oral TMP/SMX 2g, once every 8hfor 36d.Conclusion:Prevention of PCP should be focused, in the non-HIV-infected blood disease patients receiving chemotherapy.Diagnosis of PCP should be considered in these patients without prevention who once have suspected clinical manifestation of PCP in non-granulocytic phase.Early empirical treatment of PCP and ICU management in the non-HIV-infected blood disease patients with acute respiratory failure are the keys to reduce death and improve the prognosis of PCP.

Objective: To investigate the effects of donor-specific HLA antibodies(DSA) for graft failure in un-manipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT) and the feasible treatment for DSA. Methods: HLA antibodies were examined using the Luminex-based single Ag assay for 92 patients who were going on haplo-SCT and the correlations of graft failure and DSA among the patients who had finished SCT were analyzed. Results: Of the total 92 patients who were going on haplo-HSCT, sixteen (17.4%) patients were HLA Ab-positive, including six (6.5%) patients with antibodies corresponding to donor HLA Ags (DSA-positive). Among the patients who had finished the haplo-HSCT with conventional myeloablative conditioning regimen, the engraftment rate was significantly higher in DSA (-) patients than that in DSA (+) patients [92.3% (24/26) vs 25.0%(1/4), χ²=8.433, P=0.004] and DSA was the only factor relevant with graft failure in multiple-factor analysis [OR=12.0(95% CI 1.39-103.5), P=0.024]. Strategies to decrease antibody levels were taken for 4 patients, two were their first transplantations, and the other two patients were their second haplo-HSCT. Three of the four patients were HLA-I-DSA positive and had gained donor engraftment by means of donor platelet transfusions to decreased the level of DSA, the fourth patient with both HLA-I and HLA-II DSA also gained engraftment with the treatments of TBI, rituximab and donor platelet transfusion. Conclusion DSA is one of the key factors of graft failure in haplo-HSCT. Donors should be selected on the basis of an evaluation of HLA antibodies before transplantation. If haplo-HSCT from donors with DSA must be performed, then recipients should be treated for DSA to improve the chances of successful engraftment.