Objective: To evaluates the association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring risk of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), providing theoretical evidence for early life MASLD prevention. Methods: An online search was conducted across ten databases (CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, PQDT Global, ScienceDirect) for research literature on the association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and the development of MASLD in offspring, with the search period spanning from January 2014 to December 2024. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.3.3. Results: Ten studies involving 10 229 participants were included, comprising 4 cohort studies and 6 case control studies. Cohort studies showed that maternal overweight and obesity significantly increased offspring MASLD risk ( RR=1.59, 95%CI=1.06-2.39, P <0.05), with moderate heterogeneity ( I 2=56.9%, P =0.07). Case control studies indicated a positive association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring risk of MASLD( OR=2.00, 95%CI=1.68-2.39, P < 0.05), with low heterogeneity ( I 2=48.8%, P =0.08). Conclusions Maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy positively correlates with offspring MASLD risk. Gestational weight management may reduce the risk.

Objective: To explore the associations between caregivers nutrition literacy and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), so as to provide scientific evidence for the key contents of family intervention measures. Methods: In September 2022, a study involving 1 609 thirdgrade students and their caregivers from six schools in Yinzhou, Haishu, and Zhenhai Districts of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, was conducted. Venous blood samples were collected to measure lipid profiles and investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among the children. Family Food Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the nutrition literacy levels of the caregivers. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between caregivers nutrition literacy levels and the prevalence of NAFLD in children. Results: Among the surveyed students, 191 were in the NAFLD group, whereas 1 418 were in the nonNAFLD group. The median nutrition literacy score of caregivers in the NAFLD group and nonNAFLD group all were 11.00 (9.00,12.00), which was not significantly different (Z=-0.40, P=0.71). The generalized linear regression results revealed that the level of nutrition literacy of caregivers had no significant effect on childrens Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and Triglyceride-glucose-Waisttoheight ratio (TyG-WHtR) [β(95%CI) were 0.001(-0.005-0.006) and 0.000(-0.014-0.014), P>0.05]. Conclusions The nutrition literacy level of caregivers has no significant correlation with the direct incidence of NAFLD in children. As for family intervention measures, it is necessary not only to improve the nutrition literacy level of caregivers but also to effectively apply nutritional knowledge in practice to optimize health management.

Objective To observe the value of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT)post-processing technologies for diagnosing otosclerosis.Methods Clinical data and original axial plain MSCT of 47 patients with otosclerosis(92 ears)and 65 patients with non-otosclerosis hearing impairment(79 ears)were retrospectively enrolled.MSCT post-processing images,including multi-planar reformation(MPR)of stapes and cochleas and curved planar reformation(CPR)of ossicular chains were obtained.The diagnostic value of original MSCT images alone and raw data of MSCT combing with post-processing images for diagnosing otosclerosis were compared.Results Otosclerosis was correctly diagnosed in 66 ears according to original MSCT images alone,but in 89 ears combined with MSCT post-processing images.The sensitivity of original MSCT images alone and combined with MSCT post-processing images was 71.74％and 96.74％,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 81.29％and 96.49％,respectively,those of the latter were both higher than of the former(both P＜0.05),which had specificities being not significantly different(92.41％vs.96.20％,P＞0.05).Conclusion Combining with post-processing technologies could increase the sensitivity and accuracy of MSCT for diagnosing otosclerosis.

Osteoarthritis （OA） is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration， synovial hyperplasia， hyperosteogeny， and narrowing of joint space， which can be caused by trauma， inflammation， and other factors. With the increasing global population aging， the incidence of OA is rising year by year， making it a major public health problem that urgently needs to be addressed. Exploring effective treatment schemes is particularly important. The pathogenesis of OA is complex， including oxidative stress， autophagy， and apoptosis. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis， a new type of cell death， is also an important pathogenic factor in OA， characterized by a series of complex changes such as iron ion accumulation， glutathione （GSH） depletion， and mitochondrial dysfunction. Research shows that inhibiting ferroptosis in chondrocytes can promote chondrocyte proliferation， delay extracellular matrix （ECM） degradation， and reduce synovial hyperplasia and inflammation. Targeting ferroptosis is a new direction in the treatment of OA. OA treatment includes intra-articular injections of steroids or hyaluronic acid and artificial joint replacement， but there are limitations. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases because of its low cost， low drug resistance， and few side effects. Cell and animal experiments have further confirmed that TCM can intervene in the treatment of OA with ferroptosis from multiple targets， multiple levels， and aspects， but the mechanism of its treatment of OA based on ferroptosis has not been clarified. This paper discussed iron metabolism， lipid peroxidation， cysteine/glutamate transporter system Xc^- （system Xc^-）/GSH/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） pathway， nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate（NADPH）/ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 （FSP1）/coenzyme Q₁₀ （CoQ₁₀） pathway， tumor protein p53 in OA， and related molecular targets of Chinese medicine monomers and compounds on ferroptosis inhibition. Their potential therapeutic mechanisms were further analyzed to provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of OA by TCM and useful reference for the research and development of related drugs.

Objective·To investigate the evolution of sarcoma antigen 1(SAGE1),a member of the cancer-testis antigen(CTA)family,in three representative primate species—Macaca mulatta(Rhesus),Callithrix jacchus(Marmoset),and Microcebus murinus(Mouse Lemur),as well as the conservation of its interaction with INTS3,a subunit of the integrator complex.Methods·The interaction between INTS3 and SAGE1 in these primates and the interaction between INTS3 and human SAGE1 mutants were first validated in HEK293T cells by using co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP).Truncated proteins were then tagged with His-SUMO and GST,respectively,and expressed in Escherichia coli,followed by a series of purification steps to obtain the target proteins.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)was used to measure the binding affinity of the target proteins,and size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering(SEC-MALS)was used to determine the stoichiometry of the complex.Additionally,molecular docking was employed to predict the binding model of the truncated SAGE1 and INTS3.Mutations were performed on human SAGE1 key interface residues to analyze their binding to INTS3 by Co-IP.Results·The interaction between the full-length human-derived INTS3 and the full-length SAGE1 from the three primate species was confirmed by Co-IP.Truncated proteins were purified through multiple steps of tandom chromatography.The dissociation constants of the three pairs of truncated INTS3-SAGE1 were measured via SPR,and the SEC-MALS results demonstrated that the binding ratio of INTS3-SAGE1 was 2∶1.Furthermore,molecular docking predicted a structural model of the truncated INTS3-SAGE1 complex and the binding interface was extensively constituted with hydrophobic contacts assisted by some hydrophilic interactions.The interaction between the mutant SAGE1 and INTS3 full-length protein was significantly weakened.Conclusion·There is a conserved interaction between INTS3 and SAGE1 across Rhesus,Marmoset,and Mouse lemur.

Objective To comprehend the present condition of sustaining within familial pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients,alongside exploring the factors that impact this continuity.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 392 COPD patients from outpatient clinics of 2 tertiary-level A hospitals and 1 community health service center in Huaihua in Hunan Province from December 2023 to February 2024 as survey respondents.Patients were surveyed using the general information questionnaire,the COPD Assessment Test,the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale,the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale,and the Brief 2-Way Social Support Scale.Results We sent out 392 questionnaires and collected 362 valid ones,with an effective response rate of 92.47％.The percentage of COPD patients who never performed home pulmonary rehabilitation was 56.08％,and the maintenance time of health behaviors in home pulmonary rehabilitation was 17.40％for 1-3 months,7.18％for 4-6 months,4.70％for 7-12 months,and 14.64％for more than 1 year.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that exercise place,pulmonary rehabilitation health education,exercise habits before having COPD,perceived level of exercise behavior,and two-way social support were influential factors affecting the maintenance of health behaviors in pulmonary rehabilitation in the families of COPD patients,which explained 38.5％of the variability.Conclusion Patients with COPD have a low level of maintenance of health behaviors in home pulmonary rehabilitation,and health education on exercise rehabilitation for COPD patients and caregivers should be strengthened to enhance patients'level of exercise perception and ability to utilize social support.

Objective To explore the abnormal changes of resting state functional connectivity of pain networks in patients with cervical discogenic pain(CDP).Methods The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)data of 40 patients with CDP and 40 age-and gender-matched healthy controls(HC)were collected.The seed of posterior insula(PI)was used to define the pain network,and seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity analyses were performed to explore the difference of functional connectivity between CDP patients and HC,the associations between functional connectivity and clinical measures were analyzed.Results The functional connectivity between bilateral PI and bilateral thalamus(THA)was increased,and the functional connectivity between left PI and middle cingulate cortex(MCC),left postcentral gyrus(PoCG)and MCC were decreased in CDP patients.Moreover,the func-tional connectivity between right PI and left THA was positively correlated with visual analogue scale(VAS),and the functional connectivity between left PoCG and MCC was negatively correlated with VAS.Conclusion Functional connectivity abnormalities exist in pain network resting state of CDP patients,which may provide an imaging basis for revealing the neuropathological mechanism of pain in CDP patients.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes,including growth,proliferation and differentiation.As an essential component of the human immune system,T lymphocytes are regulated by mTOR through metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism.This article summarizes the critical role of mTOR in T cell differentiation and reviews recent advances in natural compounds that modulate T cells via mTOR.These findings contribute to the development of mTOR-targeted therapies for diseases.

Objective:To develop a health behavior guidance program for stroke rehabilitation patients based on the adaptive leadership framework (ALF) .Methods:Relevant stroke health behavior guidelines were systematically retrieved, screened, included, and recommendations extracted from domestic and international websites. The initial draft of the health behavior guidance program for stroke rehabilitation patients was developed in light of the ALF. From January to March 2022, the draft was refined through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, resulting in the finalized health behavior guidance program.Results:A total of 10 guidelines were included, and 73 guideline recommendations were extracted. These recommendations were categorized into six dimensions and 25 specific items. In both rounds of expert consultation, 15 questionnaires were distributed and all were returned, yielding an effective recovery rate of 100.00%, with an expert authority coefficient greater than 0.8. Based on expert feedback and group discussions, the final program included eight dimensions and 31 items, adding sleep management and regular health consultations to the original six dimensions.Conclusions:The health behavior guidance program for stroke rehabilitation patients, based on the ALF, introduces a new perspective on nursing by reasonably dividing adaptive and technical problems. This approach aligns with clinical practice in China, providing scientific and practical value for promoting health behaviors and offering a new perspective for health education in stroke patients.

Objective To explored the correlation between diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and MRI of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods 476 type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients who were hospitalized in Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital from January to August 2022 were selected and divided into simple T2DM group(UACR＜30 mg/g,n=330)and DKD group(UACR≥30 mg/g,n=146).General data,biochemical indicators and head MRI images of the two groups were compared.The correlation between DKD and CSVD and the influencing factors of white matter hyperintensities(WMHs)severity were analyzed.Results Age,DM duration,TG,Scr,HbA1c,SUA,cystatin C(Cys C),fibrinogen(Fib)and the incidence of hypertension were higher(P<0.05),while the ALT was lower in DKD group than in T2DM group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed tha the presence of DKD was positively correlated with WMHs,lacunar infarction(LI)and brain atrophy(P<0.05).eGFR was negatively correlated with WMHs,LI and brain atrophy(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age and HbA1c were the influencing factors for the severity of WMHs.Conclusion Patients with DKD have a higher incidence of CSVD,which may be related to worsening renal function.HbA1c may have predictive value for the severity of WMHs.