To summarize the clinical experience of Professor LIU Jinmin in treatment for epilepsy. It is believed that main pathogenesis of epilepsy is yangming failure to close and vital activity loss control， so a therapeutic approach focused on restoring the closure of yangming and regaining vital activity was proposed for the treatment of epilepsy. For excess syndrome， the treatment focuses on draining excess and descending qi， promoting purgation and restoring spirit. When yangming dryness-heat predominates， the approach involves unblock the bowels and regulating the spirit， descending qi and reducing fire， with modified Chengqi Decoction （承气汤） as prescription； when yangming phlegm-fire predominates， the treatment focuses on clearing heat and resolving phlegm， calming mind and suppressing fright， with modified Qingxin Wendan Decoction （清心温胆汤） as prescription； when yangming blood stasis predominates， the approach involves breaking up blood stasis and promoting purgation， eliminating stasis and awakening the mind， with Taoren Chengqi Decoction （桃核承气汤） as prescription. For deficiency syndrome， the treatment emphasizes tonifying deficiency and raising qi， strengthening the stomach and nourishing the spirit. When center qi deficiency and sinking of clear qi of the nutrients from food， the approach involves replenishing and uplifting qi while nourishing vital activity， with modified Liujunzi Decoction （六君子汤） as prescription； when yin deficiency and fluid consumption， the treatment focuses on nourishing stomach and tonifying yin， promoting fluid production and calming the spirit， with modified Maimendong Decoction （麦门冬汤） combined with Yiwei Decoction （益胃汤） as prescriptions. In clinical situations of deficiency-excess complex， it is essential to distinguish the primary condition from the secondary， applying both supplementing and draining methods flexibly to achieve optimal treatment.

Gas therapy is emerging as a highly promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, there are limitations, including the lack of targeted subcellular organelle accuracy and spatiotemporal release precision, associated with gas therapy. In this study, we developed a series of photoactivatable nitric oxide (NO) donors NRh-R-NO (R = Me, Et, Bn, iPr, and Ph) based on an N-nitrosated upconversion luminescent rhodamine scaffold. Under the irradiation of 808 nm light, only NRh-Ph-NO could effectively release NO and NRh-Ph with a significant turn-on frequency upconversion luminescence (FUCL) signal at 740 nm, ascribed to lower N-N bond dissociation energy. We also investigated the involved multistage near-infrared-controlled cascade release of gas therapy, including the NO released from NRh-Ph-NO along with one NRh-Ph molecule generation, the superoxide anion O₂^⋅- produced by the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect of NRh-Ph, and highly toxic peroxynitrite anion (ONOO^‒) generated from the co-existence of NO and O₂^⋅-. After mild nano-modification, the nanogenerator (NRh-Ph-NO NPs) empowered with superior biocompatibility could target mitochondria. Under an 808 nm laser irradiation, NRh-Ph-NO NPs could induce NO/ROS to generate RNS, causing a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and initiating apoptosis by caspase-3 activation, which further induced tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). In vivo therapeutic results of NRh-Ph-NO NPs showed augmented RNS-potentiated gas therapy, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and effective tumor inhibition guided by real-time FUCL imaging. Collectively, this versatile strategy defines the targeted RNS-mediated cancer therapy.

OBJECTIVE To study the sedative and hypnotic effects of zolpidem and the content of amino acid neurotransmitters in the thalamus and hypothalamus after treatment with zolpidem.METHODS Experiments on the loss of righting reflex(LORR)induced by the upper-threshold dose pentobarbital sodium(50 mg·kg-1,ip)were conducted to establish a hypoxic insomnia model in mice by simulating an altitude of 5500 m.Based on this model,the synergistic effect of zolpidem(0.33,1,3,9 and 27 mg·kg-1,ip)and the subthreshold(20 mg·kg-1,ip)and upper-threshold pentobarbital sodium,as well as the sedative hypnotic effect of zolpidem(10,13,17,20,23,30 and 40 mg·kg-1,ip)were evaluated via the LORR in normoxic and hypoxic environments.One hour after ip given zolpidem,the levels of glutamic acid(Glu)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in the thalamus and hypothalamus of mice in either environment were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with fluorescence detection.RESULTS One-day treatment with hypoxia significantly shortened the duration of LORR induced by the upper-threshold dose pentobarbital sodium.Compared with normoxia vehicle and hypoxia induced insomnia vehicle groups,zolpidem 9 and 27 mg·kg-1 significantly shortened the latency to LORR(P<0.01,P<0.05)and prolonged duration of LORR induced by subthreshold and upper-threshold pentobarbital sodi-um(P<0.01,P<0.05).The median effective dose(ED50)of LORR induced by zolpidem was 16.21 and 20.55 mg·kg-1 in normoxic and hypoxic environments,respectively.The results of neurotransmitter level detection showed that Glu contents in the thalamus and hypothalamus and the ratio of Glu/GABA in the hypothalamus were decreased after treatment with zolpidem 40 mg·kg-1 in a normoxic environment(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the normoxia control group,Glu content and the ratio of Glu/GABA in the hypothalamus were significantly increased after treatment with hypoxia(P<0.01,P<0.05),and zolpidem 40 mg·kg-1 could reverse their elevation.CONCLUSION The sedative-hypnotic effect of zolpidem is weakened in a hypoxic environment,and the effect of zolpidem on the levels of Glu and GABA in the hypothalamus may play an important role in the sedative-hypnotic effect of zolpidem.

Objective:To understand the iodine nutrition status of 8 - 10 years old children in Yantai City, and to provide a scientific basis for scientific iodine supplementation according to local conditions.Methods:Using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, each county (city and district, hereinafter referred to as county) in Yantai City in 2022 was divided into 5 areas according to east, west, south, north and center, and 1 township (street) was selected as the survey site for each area, and 1 school was selected for each survey site, and 40 non-residential children aged 8 - 10 years old in each elementary school were selected as the target respondents, and the salt samples of edible salt in their homes were collected, and the urine samples of salt iodine and urinary iodine content were measured at random. A sample of salt and a random sample of urine were collected from the children's homes, and the salt iodine and urine iodine content were measured. Some of the children were sampled and their thyroid gland was tested using ultrasound. Each survey site is based on administrative villages (communities); administrative villages with centralized water supply collect one sample of terminal water; administrative villages with decentralized water supply take two wells (or all of them if there are fewer than 10 wells) in each of the five directions: east, west, south, north, and central, and collect water samples from the wells to test the iodine content of the water. Zhifu District and Zhaoyuan City each took 2 canteens of enterprises and institutions and 5 medium-sized and 5 small restaurants to collect salt samples of edible salt and test the salt iodine content.Results:A total of 2 343 children were tested for urinary iodine and salt iodine; the median urinary iodine was 147.10 μg/L, and the median urinary iodine in children from different regions was 173.96, 148.20, 148.05, and 136.04 μg/L, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( H = 15.55, P = 0.001); the median salt iodine was 17.81 mg/kg, and the different regional The median salt iodine was 0.00, 0.00, 20.02, and 22.48 mg/kg, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( H = 263.48, P < 0.001); the iodized salt coverage rate (15.34%, 48.37%, 69.63%, and 76.69%) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt (13.50%, 39.14%, 61.86%, and 69.17%) were compared in different regions were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 257.65, 235.64, P < 0.001). A total of 1 419 children underwent ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, and there were no statistically significant differences when comparing the rates of goiter (2.44%, 2.18%, 3.04%, and 3.12%) and nodule detection (3.90%, 4.90%, 5.89%, and 2.18%) among the children in different regions (χ 2 = 0.85, 6.69, P > 0.05). A total of 2 488 water samples were monitored, and the median water iodine was 3.70 μg/L. When comparing the median water iodine in different regions, the difference was statistically significant ( H = 141.21, P < 0.001). A total of 120 salt samples of edible salt from catering units were tested, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 62.50%. Conclusion:The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt among children in Yantai was below 90%, but their iodine nutrition was at an appropriate level, suggesting that the iodine intake of children in Yantai may not be entirely dependent on iodized salt.

Objective:To investigate the relationship among health cognition, dietary habits and health levels in population receiving health examinations.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 55 339 subjects who underwent the health examinations at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in 2022. Exploratory factor analysis was used to classify dietary patterns, variance component analysis was employed to validate the questionnaire′s validity, and reliability analysis was conducted to test the questionnaire′s reliability. For continuous data, analysis of variance was used, while chi-square tests were applied for categorical data. Furthermore, a structural equation model for health cognition was constructed to analyze the interrelationships between health cognition, dietary patterns and health levels in the subjects.Results:The health cognition level of men was significantly higher than that of women (19.40±2.96 vs 19.26±2.96, F=34.11, P<0.001). The health cognition level of people aged≥50 years was 19.89±3.17, the highest among all age groups ( F=434.93, P<0.001). The health cognition level of overweight people was 19.53±2.95, higher than that of other weight groups ( F=84.09, P<0.001). The mental health assessment results in men were significantly better than that in women (11.98±3.79 vs 12.76±4.21, F=521.07, P<0.001), women generally had better health indicators than men. Participants aged 50 years and above had the best mental health indicator assessments, scored 11.13±3.26 ( F=1 053.30, P<0.001). And the mental health indicator assessments in overweight people was the best, while it was the worst in subjects with lower body mass index (12.04±3.84 vs 13.31±4.38, F=104.05, P<0.001). According to the structural equation model, the overall effect of health cognition on the health level of the population undergoing health examinations was 0.66. At the same time, there was a partial intermediary effect between health cognition and health level, the direct effect of health cognition on dietary patterns was 0.31, and the direct effect of dietary patterns on health level was 0.61. Conclusion:Health cognition has both direct and indirect effects on the health status in population receiving health examinations.

Objective:To learn about the infection status of Anisakis larvae in the major economic marine products in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, and provide baseline data for systematic monitoring of Anisakis and prevention and control of related diseases. Methods:From April 2016 to September 2020, the samples of marine products collected in the surrounding waters of 9 fishing sites in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (Bohai Bay, the middle part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea junction, the southern part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea junction, the northern part of the Yellow Sea and the southern part of the Yellow Sea) in the coastal areas of Yantai City and Weihai City, Shandong Province were dissected and tested for worms. The infection and distribution of Anisakis larvae in different types of samples and different organs in the samples were compared, and the differences of the infection level of Anisakis larvae in marine fish among the surrounding waters of different fishing sites and different sampling sites in China were compared. At the same time, a survey on the awareness of health knowledge of anisakiasis was carried out among the residents near each fishing sites. Results:A total of 708 cases of 5 types of marine products were tested in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, including 581 cases of marine fish, 22 cases of mollusks, 20 cases of echinodermata, 75 cases of crustaceans and 10 cases of shellfish. Anisakis larvae infection was detected only in marine fish (191 cases), and 4 723 Anisakis larvae were found. The infection rate was 32.87% (191/581) and the infection intensity was 24.73(4 723/191) larvae/case. They were mainly distributed in mesentery and intestinal wall (38.96%, 1 840/4 723), coelom (22.04%, 1 041/4 723) and gastric wall (17.95%, 848/4 723). The infection levels of Anisakis larvae in marine fish among the surrounding waters of different fishing sites were compared, the infection rate in the southern part of the Yellow Sea was the highest, and its infection intensity was significantly higher than that in the middle and southern part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea junction ( P < 0.05). The infection levels of Anisakis larvae in marine fish among different sampling sites in China were compared, the infection rates of Zhoushan Port, the fish sold in Jinzhou, Yantai and Shantou were significantly higher than those in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ( P < 0.05), and the infection rates of the fish sold in Dandong and Qingdao were significantly lower than those in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ( P < 0.05). A total of 1 805 residents living near the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were investigated on the health knowledge of anisakiasis. Among them, 20.78% (375/1 805) residents had heard of anisakiasis, 15.73% (284/1 805) residents knew how to get it, 12.30% (222/1 805) residents knew the harm of anisakiasis to human body, and 16.68% (301/1 805) residents knew how to prevent it. Conclusions:The marine fish in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are infected by the Anisakis larvae, and the level of infection is relatively high. In the future, we should strengthen the popularization of knowledge on prevention and control of anisakiasis.

Objective:To investigate the serotype features of group B Streptococcus (GBS) vaginal colonization in late pregnancies and their relationship with early-onset neonatal GBS disease (GBS-EOD). Methods:Thirty-two strains were isolated from neonates delivered by GBS-positive mothers and hospitalized for GBS-EOD in Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital from June 2016 to June 2018. Another 266 strains were isolated from vaginal samples from randomly selected late pregnant women who received antenatal screening and delivered in the same hospital during the same period with an allocation ratio of 12∶1. A total of 298 strains from mothers and 32 strains from neonates were involved. Every isolate was serotyped with latex agglutination assay. GBS infection caused by eleven serotypes and the correlation between GBS serotypes in late pregnant women and neonatal GBS-EOD were analyzed. Qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. A correlation analysis was presented by the column contact number C. Multiple analysis of multiple sample rates was performed with Post hoc testing. Differences between groups were analyzed according to the adjusted standardized residual. Results:A total of nine serotypes were identified among the 298 strains isolated from the mothers. The most prevalent serotype wasⅢ [55.0% (164/298)], followed byⅠb [16.4% (49/298)], Ⅰa [11.1% (33/298)], Ⅴ [9.4% (28/298)], Ⅱ [5.0% (15/298)], non-typable [NT, 1.0% (3/298)], and Ⅵ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ [0.7% (2/298) in each]. Neither Ⅳ nor Ⅶ serotype was identified. The 32 strains isolated from neonates with GBS-EOD belonged to five serotypes, which were Ⅲ [18/32 (56.3%)], Ⅰa [8/32 (25.0%)], Ⅰb [3/32 (9.4%)], Ⅱ [2/32 (6.2%)] and Ⅴ [1/32 (3.1%)]. The positive rates of GBS Ⅲ serotype in neonates with pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis were 6/13, 7/14, and 5/5. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the distribution of the five serotypes in GBS-EOD neonates ( P=0.654). Thirty neonates (93.7%) were cured, while two (6.3%) died. There were statistically significant differences among neonatal GBS-EOD caused by vertical transmission with Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ and NT serotypes ( P=0.046, contingency coefficient: 0.183). Further analysis showed that the adjusted absolute value of the standardized residual of serotype Ⅰa was 2.7 (>2), and the difference was statistically significant. However, the adjusted absolute value of the standardized residual of serotype Ⅲ was only 0.1, which was not statistically significant. Conclusions:Serotype Ⅲ is the most prevalent GBS serotype in late pregnant women and GBS-EOD neonates, and also the predominant serotype in infants with early-onset meningitis. Serotype Ⅰa could be highly vertically transmitted, while the virulence of serotypes Ⅲ and Ⅰa strains of GBS are the strongest.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; diagnosis

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Porokeratosis ; genetics

We received a patient who repeated unconsciousness due to excrescence locking bicuspid aortic valve. He experienced unconsciousness and treatments with anti infection, surgical operation, valve replacement and recovery. It was a rare case, which made us realize that the heart color Doppler ultrasound should be regularly performed in patients with aortic valve abnormalities. Once patients were found to have infective endocarditis combined with the valve vegetations, they should be formally treated as soon as possible.
Aortic Valve ; abnormalities ; physiopathology ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; diagnosis ; Heart Valve Diseases ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Unconsciousness ; etiology