Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of miglitol on regulating the energy metabolism of brown adipocytes by activating UCP1 and preventing cold injury in mice after cold exposure. Methods Primary brown adipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes, the effect of miglitol on the viability of brown adipocytes was investigated by MTT method, the lipid droplet consumption level of cells after drug administration was investigated by Oil Red O staining technology, and the level of UCP1, a key protein of thermogenesis in brown adipocytes, was detected by Western blotting. The activity of anti-frostbite was investigated in cold exposure at 4 ℃ and −20 ℃. KM mice, which were randomly divided into control group, cold exposure group, miglitol group and all-trans retinoic acid group, and after 7 days of repeated administration, the body surface temperature of mice was detected by infrared thermal imaging system, the anal temperature change was detected by anal thermometer, and the expression levels of UCP1 and PGC1-α in adipose tissue were detected by immunoblotting. Results Compared with the control group, the lipid droplet consumption and UCP1 expression levels in brown adipocytes in the miglitol group were significantly increased. The levels of body surface temperature and rectal temperature increased significantly after cold exposure, and the levels of UCP1 and PGC1α in the brown adipose tissue of mice increased significantly, which indicated that the miglitol could activate the critical proteins UCP1 and PGC1α of the thermogenesis pathway, increase the thermogenesis of mice after cold exposure, and thus improve the effect of cold injury for toe swelling. Conclusion Miglitol could play a role in improving cold injury and body temperature in mice by increasing the level of UCP1 and PGC1α, which are key targets of the thermogenesis pathway to promote the thermogenesis of brown fat.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） is the primary glomerulonephritis with the highest incidence rate in the world. It is also the main cause of end-stage renal disease （ESRD） in China， which has brought heavy economic burden to the society and patient families. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has certain advantages in treating IgAN. In TCM， IgAN is classified into consumptive disease， hematuria， and edema categories， with the location in the kidney and involving the lung， liver， and spleen. Professor Ren Jixue， a master of TCM， believes that kidney deficiency and spleen deficiency are the root causes of IgAN， and the throat is the source of the disease. He proposed the theory of throat-kidney correlation and used the method of tonifying kidney and invigorating spleen as well as detoxifying and relieving sore-throat to treat IgAN， achieving significant therapeutic effects. Studies have shown that IgAN is closely related to mucosal immune defense. IgAN patients often experience recurrent and gradually worsening symptoms due to mucosal infections， and polymeric Ig receptor （PIgR） is an important component of mucosal defense function. The lack of PIgR leads to the accumulation of IgA molecules in the mucosal lamina propria， and the molecules enter the bloodstream in large quantities and ultimately deposit in the kidneys， causing kidney damage. Complement regulatory protein complement receptor type 1 （CR1） exists on red blood cells and glomeruli and has the function of inhibiting the activation and differentiation of B cells， clearing immune complexes， and inhibiting excessive activation of the complement system. Therefore， regulating the immune defense function through the mucosal-renal axis mediated by PIgR-CR1 will be an important target for preventing and treating IgAN. Based on the theory of throat-kidney correlation， this article explores the effects and molecular mechanisms of tonifying kidney and invigorating spleen as well as detoxifying and relieving sore-throat in preventing and treating IgAN by regulating the mucosal-kidney axis mediated by PIgR-CR1. It provides effective theoretical support and a scientific basis for TCM prevention and treatment of IgAN based on the theory of throat-kidney correlation.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） is the primary glomerulonephritis with the highest incidence rate in the world. It is also the main cause of end-stage renal disease （ESRD） in China， which has brought heavy economic burden to the society and patient families. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has certain advantages in treating IgAN. In TCM， IgAN is classified into consumptive disease， hematuria， and edema categories， with the location in the kidney and involving the lung， liver， and spleen. Professor Ren Jixue， a master of TCM， believes that kidney deficiency and spleen deficiency are the root causes of IgAN， and the throat is the source of the disease. He proposed the theory of throat-kidney correlation and used the method of tonifying kidney and invigorating spleen as well as detoxifying and relieving sore-throat to treat IgAN， achieving significant therapeutic effects. Studies have shown that IgAN is closely related to mucosal immune defense. IgAN patients often experience recurrent and gradually worsening symptoms due to mucosal infections， and polymeric Ig receptor （PIgR） is an important component of mucosal defense function. The lack of PIgR leads to the accumulation of IgA molecules in the mucosal lamina propria， and the molecules enter the bloodstream in large quantities and ultimately deposit in the kidneys， causing kidney damage. Complement regulatory protein complement receptor type 1 （CR1） exists on red blood cells and glomeruli and has the function of inhibiting the activation and differentiation of B cells， clearing immune complexes， and inhibiting excessive activation of the complement system. Therefore， regulating the immune defense function through the mucosal-renal axis mediated by PIgR-CR1 will be an important target for preventing and treating IgAN. Based on the theory of throat-kidney correlation， this article explores the effects and molecular mechanisms of tonifying kidney and invigorating spleen as well as detoxifying and relieving sore-throat in preventing and treating IgAN by regulating the mucosal-kidney axis mediated by PIgR-CR1. It provides effective theoretical support and a scientific basis for TCM prevention and treatment of IgAN based on the theory of throat-kidney correlation.

Objective: To investigate the expression and functional role of FK506 binding protein 10 (FKBP10) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to provide a research basis for the estimated prognosis and targeted therapy of OSCC. Methods: A total of 284 OSCC samples and 19 normal samples were selected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and diagnostic analysis was performed to determine mRNA expression. Survival analysis for FKBP10 and OSCC was conducted on a gene expression profile interaction analysis website. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of FKBP10 in four OSCC cell lines and SAS and SCC9 cells transfected with siRNA. The cell proliferation ability of FKBP10-silenced cells was detected using the CCK8 method, and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion ability were detected through wound healing and invasion experiments. The expression changes of total protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-serine/threonine kinase (AKT) after FKBP10 silencing were analyzed by proteomics and Western Blot. Results: According to the analysis of gene expression levels, the mRNA expression level of FKBP10 in OSCC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.001). In terms of diagnosis, the expression level of FKBP10 has unique diagnostic value for OSCC (P < 0.05). The survival analysis of FKBP10 and OSCC showed that a high expression of FKBP10 led to a decrease in patient survival and poor prognosis (P < 0.05). The expression of FKBP10 mRNA and protein in OSCC cell lines was higher than that in normal oral keratinocytes (P < 0.001). Silencing FKBP10 can reduce the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of SAS and SCC9 (P < 0.001), and also block their cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.001), with a significant increase in apoptosis (P < 0.05). Protein mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis revealed that FKBP10 silencing significantly downregulated the expression of multiple proteins in the RAP1 signaling pathway, mainly RAP guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (RAPGEF1) (P < 0.05) and the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT proteins (P < 0.05). Conclusion FKBP10 is highly expressed in OSCC, leading to poor prognosis for patients. Downregulated FKBP10 expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of OSCC cells, hinder cell cycle progression, and promote apoptosis via the RAP1-PI3K-AKT axis. FKBP10 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for OSCC.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and prognosis of different surgical approaches in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, from Feb. 2009 to Nov. 2023. The patients included 36 males and 75 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.1. The median age of the patients was 47 years old, with an age range of 21 to 72 years old. The study divided participants into two groups based on their surgical methods: an observation group (78 cases) and a control group (23 cases). The observation group received surgical methods in accordance with expert consensus, while the control group did not. The study compared the efficacy and prognosis of the two groups.Results:Statistical differences were found between the two groups in terms of stage II and III in TNM staging, intraoperative frozen pathological findings, number of lymph node resections in the central group, number of lymph node metastases in the central group, number of lymph node resections in the lateral cervical region, postoperative follow-up time, and five-year postoperative serum procalcitonin (Ctn) levels ( P<0.05) .Both groups of patients obtained a significant decrease in Ctn after surgical treatment. In the observation group, Ctn was at the remission level in 57 cases (73.1%), at the stable level in 13 cases (16.7%), and at the progression level in 8 cases (10.2%), while in the control group, Ctn was at the remission level in 20 cases (86.9%), at the progression level in 3 cases (13.1%), and there were no patients at the stable level after the operation.One patient (1.3 per cent) in the observation group had a recurrence after surgery; Two patients (8.7 per cent) in the control group had a recurrence. Conclusions:Standardised and thorough surgery can maximise the clearance of metastatic lymph nodes, effectively reduce the recurrence rate, achieve better efficacy, and improve the long-term prognosis of patients without increasing the risk of surgery and postoperative complications.

Objective:To design a systematic emotion management training (EMT) targeted the characteristics of coping strategies based on rehabilitation assistant and explore the feasibility of online EMT in improving cognitive coping strategies, mental health, and social support of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:From June 2021 to December 2022, a total of 106 CHD patients were screened from cardiovascular units of a hospital in Zhengzhou. All participants were divided into the intervention group ( n=53) and control group ( n=53) using the coin toss method. The patients in intervention group received 7 weeks emotion management training on the basis of routine health education, the patients in control group received 7 weeks routine health education. The scores of cognitive coping strategies, anxiety, depression, and social support were measured at baseline and post-intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 software.The cognitive coping strategies, mental health and social support scores between two groups were compared using independent sample t-tests or paired t-test. Pearson analysis was used to examine the correlation between cognitive coping strategies, mental health and social support. Results:The scores of adaptive coping strategies, maladaptive coping strategies, depression, anxiety, insomnia and social support in patients with CHD were (69.52±7.60), (35.22±6.15), (8.82±2.66), (8.78±1.99), (10.97±2.86), and (57.48±9.79), respectively. After intervention, the scores of maladaptive coping strategies, self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, blaming others, putting into perspective, insomnia, anxiety, and depression in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group( t=-7.742, -4.395, -4.781, -6.105, -6.256, -5.327, -6.017, -7.288, -7.749, all P<0.05). The scores of adaptive coping strategies, positive reappraisal, refocusing on planning and social support were significantly higher than those of the control group( t=7.314, 6.733, 5.874, 3.562, all P<0.05). In the intervention group, there were statistically significant differences in cognitive coping strategies, anxiety, depression, insomnia and social support scores before and after the test(all P<0.05) and they were not statistically significantly different in the control group(all P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that maladaptive coping strategies were positively correlated with depression and anxiety scores ( r=0.421, 0.408, both P<0.05). Adaptive coping strategies were negatively correlated with depression and insomnia scores ( r=-0.225, -0.240, both P<0.05), and positively correlated with social support ( r=0.219, P=0.034) among patients with CHD. Conclusion:The online EMT based on rehabilitation assistant may be a useful intervention for patients with CHD which can promote psychological health, social support as well as positively transforming maladaptive coping strategies into adaptive coping strategies.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission network among HIV/AIDS patients in Zhoushan City, Zhejing Province. Methods: The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Zhoushan City from 2020 to 2022 were selected. Basic information was collected and whole blood samples were obtained at the initial follow-up. The pol gene sequences of HIV-1 were amplified by RT-PCR and nested-PCR. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic trees. The HIV-1 molecular transmission network was built and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.6.1 software. Results: A total of 222 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Zhoushan City from 2020 to 2022, 200 whole blood samples were collected, and 152 sequences were obtained successfully, including 122 males (80.26%), 75 cases aged 50 years and above (49.34%), 109 cases with a junior high school education or below (71.71%), and 63 cases with commercial heterosexual contact (41.45%). The main subtypes were CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE, accounting for 45.39% and 21.05%, respectively. When the threshold of genetic distance was set to 1%, 20 molecular clusters were formed in 69 cases, with a clustering rate of 45.39%. Using the molecular network constituted by reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2020 as the baseline network, there were 2 active molecular clusters with ≥5 new cases in 2022, each with 9 cases, characterized mainly by individuals aged 50 or above, with a junior high school education or below, and transmission through commercial heterosexual sex. Conclusions The predominant HIV-1 subtypes among HIV/AIDS cases in Zhoushan City are CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. Transmission through commercial heterosexual contact among middle-aged and elderly people is a main mode of HIV transmission.

OBJECTIVE In the context of the era of innovation and entrepreneurship, the training model of pharmaceutical talents is facing challenges. In order to cultivate overall development of pharmaceutical innovative talents, an in-depth research is carried out from multiple perspectives such as education orientation, education mode and education team. METHODS The research systematically analyzed the concept, system, orientation, channels, plan and cooperation of pharmaceutical talent training to build a new cultivation mechanism which adapts to the national strategic adjustments and social situation changes. RESULTS The research summarized the ideas and formulated a model for cultivating innovative application-oriented pharmaceutical talents which was guided by ideological and political education, oriented towards real issues in the industrial, scientific, and clinical sectors. It emphasized multi-chain collaboration, integrating high-quality resources to promote the enhancement of original innovation capabilities. CONCLUSION The research not only provides experience for the training of pharmaceutical innovative talents in the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhejiang University, but also provides references for the training of pharmaceutical talents in other universities in China.

In recent years,the physician-patient relationship has been tense,the physician-patient conflict has been escalating,and the number of irrational medical complaints has been constantly increasing,all of which have a negative impact on the public image of the hospital and the legal environment of medical treatment.From the perspective of behavioral economics,it analyzes the reasons for the occurrence of irrational medical complaints among outpatient patients by applying behavioral economics theories such as bounded rationality,social influence,herd effect,loss aversion,endowment effect,and mental accounting.It constructs a model of irrational complaint behaviors of outpatient patients based on behavioral economics theory,and tries to draw lessons from framing effect and nudge theory to propose countermeasures for hospitals to reduce irrational medical complaints and boost the complaint prevention management of medical institutions.

In recent years,the physician-patient relationship has been tense,the physician-patient conflict has been escalating,and the number of irrational medical complaints has been constantly increasing,all of which have a negative impact on the public image of the hospital and the legal environment of medical treatment.From the perspective of behavioral economics,it analyzes the reasons for the occurrence of irrational medical complaints among outpatient patients by applying behavioral economics theories such as bounded rationality,social influence,herd effect,loss aversion,endowment effect,and mental accounting.It constructs a model of irrational complaint behaviors of outpatient patients based on behavioral economics theory,and tries to draw lessons from framing effect and nudge theory to propose countermeasures for hospitals to reduce irrational medical complaints and boost the complaint prevention management of medical institutions.