Objective To investigate the population distribution of intermediate host snails and crabs of Paragonimus along the Jiulongjiang River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Bopingling Mountain, southern Fujian Province, so as to provide baseline data for researches on parasitic disease prevention and control and enlargement of samples in the parasitic resource bank. Methods A total of 23 villages in 8 counties (districts) along the Jiulong River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province were selected as survey sites during the period from November 2020 through March 2023, and snail and freshwater crabs were sampled from 1 to 3 streams and ditches neighboring residential areas in each village. Morphological identification of snails was performed according to the external morphological characteristics of collected snail shells, and the unidentified snail species sampled from the natural foci of paragonimiasis in Yunxiao County were subjected to se-quence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene. The crab species was identified by observing the morphological characteristics of the terminal segment of the first pleopod of male crabs, and Paragonimus cercariae and metacercariae were detected in collected snails. Results The shells of the unidentified snails sampled from the natural foci of paragonimiasis in Yunxiao County were approximately 50 mm in height and 18 mm in width, thick and solid, long tower cone-shaped, and had 8 to 10 whorls. CO1 gene sequence analysis identified the snail species as Sulcospira hainanensis. A total of 6 freshwater snail species belonging to 5 genera within 3 families, identified 23 survey sites, including Semisulcospira libertina, Paludomus zhangchouensis and S. hainanensis that belonged to the Family Pleurceridae, Tricula fujianensis and T. huaanensis that belonged to the subfamily Triculinae, Family Pomatiopsidae, and Melanoides tuberculata (Family Thiaridae), and 11 species of freshwater crabs belonging to 5 genera within 2 families were identified, including Sinopotamon genus of S. jianglense, S. pinheense, and S. zhangzhouense, Huananpotamon genus of H. planopodum and H. zhangzhouense, Nanhaipotamon genus of N. huaanense and N. longhaiense, and Minpotamon genus of M. nasicum and M. auritum that belonged to the Family Potamidae, and Somanniathelphusa genus of S. huaanensis and S. zhangpuensis (Family Parathelphusidae). In addition, the prevalence of P. westermani cercariae infections was 0.08% (2/2 317) in P. zhangchouensis from Danyan Village in Changtai District and 0.09% (1/1 039) in S. hainanensis from Jinkeng Village in Yunxiao County, and the prevalence of P. westermani metacercariae infections was 25.81% (8/31) in S. jianglense from Danyan Village in Changtai District, and 26.31% (5/19) in S. zhangzhouense from Jinkeng Village in Yunxiao County, respectively. Conclusions There is a population diversity in the intermediate host snails and crabs along the Jiulongjiang River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Bopingling Mountain, southern Fujian Province, and P. zhangzhouensis and S. hainanensis are, for the first time, confirmed as the first intermediate hosts of P. westermani.

The ultrasonic manifestations of benign and malignant breast imaging-reporting and data system(BI-RADS)4 lesions overlap in some degrees,is able to result in unnecessary biopsy or untimely therapy.Accurate classifying the nature of BI-RADS 4 breast lesions can provide reliable references for clinical decision-making.The progresses of application of new ultrasonic technologies,including automated breast volume scanner,superb micro-vascular imaging,elastography,contrast-enhanced ultrasound and artificial intelligence for assisting diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 lesions were reviewed in this article.

Background::Histological healing is closely associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes and lowered relapses in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we developed a novel diagnostic criterion for assessing histological healing in UC patients.Methods::We conducted a retrospective cohort study in UC patients, whose treatment was iteratively optimized to achieve mucosal healing at Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University from January 2017 to May 2022. We identified an inflammatory cell enumeration index (ICEI) for assessing histological healing based on the proportions of eosinophils, CD177 + neutrophils, and CD40L + T cells in the colonic lamina propria under high power field (HPF), and the outcomes (risks of symptomatic relapses) of achieving histological remission vs. persistent histological inflammation using Kaplan-Meier curves. Intrareader reliability and inter-reader reliability were evaluated by each reader. The relationships to the changes in the Nancy index and the Geboes score were also assessed for responsiveness. The ICEI was further validated in a new cohort of UC patients from other nine university hospitals. Results::We developed an ICEI for clinical diagnosis of histological healing, i.e., Y = 1.701X 1 + 0.758X 2 + 1.347X 3 - 7.745 (X 1, X 2, and X 3 represent the proportions of CD177 + neutrophils, eosinophils, and CD40L + T cells, respectively, in the colonic lamina propria under HPF). The receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis revealed that Y <-0.391 was the cutoff value for the diagnosis of histological healing and that an area under the curve (AUC) was 0.942 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.905-0.979) with a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 83.6% ( P <0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the intrareader reliability was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.781-0.909), and ICEI had good inter-reader reliability of 0.832 (95% CI: 0.748-0.894). During an 18-month follow-up, patients with histological healing had a substantially better outcome compared with those with unachieved histological healing ( P <0.001) using ICEI. During a 12-month follow-up from other nine hospitals, patients with histological healing also had a lower risk of relapse than patients with unachieved histological healing. Conclusions::ICEI can be used to predict histological healing and identify patients with a risk of relapse 12 months and 18 months after clinical therapy. Therefore, ICEI provides a promising, simplified approach to monitor histological healing and to predict the prognosis of UC.Registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No. ChiCTR2300077792.

Benzoinum has a long history of medicinal use. In order to standardize its clinical use， the author made systematic textual research on the name， origin， evolution of scientific name， producing area， property， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Benzoinum by reviewing the ancient materia medica， medical books and modern literature. According to the research， the mainstream variety of Benzoinum recorded in ancient materia medica should be the dry resin of Styrax tonkinensis of Styracaceae. In addition to S. benzoin， which was also used in many applications. In modern times， S. benzoin was the mainstream， but in practice， it was mostly the resin of various plants of the genus Styrax， and then S. tonkinensis and S. benzoides were recorded as the main sources of Benzoinum. Nowadays， it mainly comes from S. tonkinensis. In ancient times， the producing areas of Benzoinum were Persia， Xirong， Annan and other places， whereas now are distributed in Indonesia， Sumatra， Thailand， Vietnam， and Fujian， Guizhou， Yunnan， Guangxi， Guangdong and other places in China， but most of the medicinal materials in China are imported. Traditionally， the medicinal materials of Benzoinum with properties of oily， waxy luster， brittle and fragile， strong aroma， sand feeling when chewing and no impurities are considered better. In antiquity， the harvesting time of Benzoinum was concentrated in July and August， while in modern times， it is harvested in summer and autumn， and collected in various ways， usually the trees are selected to be harvested if they are more than 10 years old， and the best quality being the first， milky resin collected when the time of cutting the trees is from April to June. In the past dynasties， the powdered resin was mainly ground and used in formulas， in addition， there were also records of wine steaming into paste and processing with honey， etc. The 1953 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia added records such as sevum benzoinatum and adeps benzoinatus， and now it is mostly used as powder into pills or powers， or used after processing with wine. Based on the results of textual research， it is suggested that although the dry resin of S. benzoin is not a medicinal variety of Benzoinum included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， it has a long history of application and has some clinical value， so its medicinal feasibility can be explored in depth. In the development of famous classical formulas containing Benzoinum， the dry resin of S. tonkinensis or S. benzoin can be used， which should be used in medicine as powder after dried or processed according to the requirements of prescriptions.

The oral and maxillofacial region contains oral organs and facial soft tissues. Due to the complexity of the structures and functions of this region, the repair of related defects is complicated. Different degrees of defects require different repair methods, which involve a great combination of medicine and art, and the material requirements are extremely high. Hence, clinicians are plagued by contemporary oral repair materials due to the limitations of bone harvesting, immune rejection, low osteogenic activity and other problems. Decellularized extracellular matrix has attracted much attention as a bioactive scaffold material because of its nonimmunogenic properties, good osteogenic properties, slow release of growth factors, promotion of seed cell adhesion and maintenance of stem cell characteristics. This article reviews the sources, preparation methods, application and research progress of extracellular matrix materials in the repair of oral and maxillofacial defects to provide an overview for fundamental research and clinical development.

Objective:To evaluate the difference of dosimetry between three-dimensional and two-dimensional plans based on CT images of occult perforation in brachytherapy of cervical cancer, aiming to provide clinical reference.Methods:A total of 817 patients with cervical cancer received simple intrauterine (intrauterine tandem plus vaginal colpostats) three-dimensional brachytherapy in Chongqing University Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 16 patients had occul uterine perforation. Based on Oncentra Brachy Therapy plan system, the single prescription dose was 6Gy. Three-dimensional (3D group) and two-dimensional (2D group) plans were designed on the perforated CT images The target volume, conformal index (CI), conformal index coformity index (COIN) and organs-at-risk (OAR) D 2cm 3 parameters were used to assess the plans between two groups. Results:The incidence of pccult uterine perforation was 1.96%(16/817) during brachytherapy for cervical cancer. The volume of prescription dose curve in the 3D group was (40.74±14.98) cm 3, significantly smaller compared with (91.46±19.71) cm 3 in the 2D group ( P<0.05), whereas the volume of the high-risk clinical target area wrapped by prescription dose curve did not significantly differ between two groups ( P>0.05). The CI and COIN in the 3D group were 0.79±0.10 and 0.72±0.96, significantly higher compared with 0.38±0.09 and 0.37±0.18 in the 2D group (both P<0.05). The D 2cm 3 of bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon, small intestine in the 3D group were (306.06±77.57) cGy, (252.27±72.60) cGy, (127.25±62.84) cGy and (228.79±94.90) cGy, significantly lower than (548.03±164.21) cGy, (411.16±118.74) cGy, (227.45±94.48) cGy and (450.95±157.96) cGy in the 2D group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Application of image guidance in brachytherapy of cervical cancer is helpful to detect occult uterine perforation. When occult uterine perforation occurs, the use of three-dimensional plan can basically meet the clinical needs, which is significantly better than the two-dimensional plan.

The organoid is a kind of distinctive micro-organ formed by stem cells with the ability of self-renewal, which can be cultured in three-dimensional scaffold in vitro. With the development of cell culture system, organoids have been gradually applied in researches such as in vitro organ model establishment, drug testing and even the repairing or replacing damage organs. It shows significantly promising prospects. This review article aims to summarize the latest research progress and provide the theoretical foundation and prospects for the development of organoids in stomatology.

Objective To investigate the application of modified negative pressure closure drainage in early stage of snakebite .Methods 60 patients with early bite ulcer were selected as study objects ,and they were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table .30 patients in the observation group received vacuum sealing drainage(VSD) combined with chymotrypsin continuous rinsing treatment .30 patients in the control group were given conventional dressing bandaging treatment .The two stage skin grafting time,wound healing time,complications,disa-bility rate,hospitalization time and C reactive protein ( CRP) levels of the two groups were observed .And the treatment effect was analyzed .Results The incidence rates of complications and disability in the observation group were 0.00％and 3.33％,respectively,which were significantly lower than 16.67％and 26.67％in the control group ,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (χ2 =4.356,6.405,all P<0.05).The CRP levels of 3 d and 7 d in the observation group were (15.8 ±1.7)mg/L,(6.9 ±1.6)mg/L,respectively,which in the control group were (18.6 ±2.3) mg/L,(13.8 ±1.9) mg/L,respectively,there were statistically significant differences between two groups(t=5.362,15.214,all P<0.01).The two stage skin grafting,wound healing,hospital stay of the observation group were (9.5 ±1.8) d,(24 ±1.8) d,(25.3 ±1.9) d,respectively,which were significantly shorter than those of the control group [(16.2 ±2.6)d,(32.0 ±3.2)d,(33.2 ±3.7)d],the differences were statistically significant(t=11.604,11.93410.403,all P<0.01).Conclusion For patients with injury of cobra bite to early ulcer,using VSD technology combined with chymotrypsin continuous irrigation ,can significantly reduce the level of CRP and the occurrence of complications and disability rate ,shorten the time of two stage skin grafting ,wound healing time,hospitalization time,reduce the pain of patients,it is the best treatment to accelerate recovery .

Objective To investigate the synergistic effects of tannic acid(TA) and cis-dichlorodiamine platinum(CDDP) on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its activation situation of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) pathway.Methods Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were divided into the control group,TA group,CDDP group and TA+CDDP group,and were cultured in vitro for 24 h.The growth inhibitory effect of medication on HepG2 cells was detected by MTT assay.The pharmacodynamics synergistic effect between the two drugs was analyzed by the drug interaction index,drug dose reduction index and equivalent graphical method.The nucleus changes were observed by DAPI staining.Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR(q-RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the levels of ERS markers glucose regulated protein (GRP)78 and GRP94.Results TA and CDDP had dose-dependent growth inhibition effect on HepG2 cells,their median effective concentrations(IC50) were 360.00 μmol/L and 1.80 μg/mL respectively.The combination treatment of 180.00 μmol/L TA and 0.90 μg/mL CDDP on HepG2 cells could enhance the inhibitory effect on cell growth.Ta and CDDP had synergistic effect for inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cells growth.Compared with the TA group and CDDP group,cell shrinkage and rounding were accelerated in the combined group,apoptotic cells were increased,nuclear had pyknosis,irregular edge and dense staining,nuclear fragmentations were increased and the expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 were up-regulated.Conclusion TA can enhance the effect of CDDP on anti-hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cells,and the synergy mechanism may be related to the activation of ERS pathway.

Objective To investigate expression level of endoplasmic reticulum stressmarker GRP78 in the testicular tissue in rats with different phases of morphine-dependence. To explore the role of ERS in morphine-de-pendence. Methods SD rats were divided into 6 groups: morphine (mor) -withdrawal group, mor-extinct group, mor-kindling group and their control groups, normal saline (NS)-withdrawal group, NS-extinct group, NS-kindling group. The experimental rats were injected with morphine subcutaneously on increasing dosage to establish the con-ditioned place preference (CPP) model. The rats in control groups were injected NS. Then the rats were suffered from withdrawal for 48 h, extinction and kindling by morphine, separately. The GRP78 expression level in testicular tissues of rats in the time point mentioned above were measured using Western Blot. Results The time of rats in the paired-box was (528.0 ± 81.0) s, which was significantly higher than that in the NS control group (P<0.001). It was (396.8 ± 116.9) s after extinctive phase, which was significantly higher than that the withdrawal phase of rats (P < 0.001). Also it was (396.8 ± 116.9) s after kindling with morphine which was significantly higher than that the extinctive phase of rats (P < 0.001). These changes of the time indicated that the animal models of extinction and kindling were established in the study. The GRP78 levels were down-regulated in 48 h after withdrawal (P <0.05), and increased a bit afterextinctive phase, but up-regulated highly after kindling with morphine (P < 0.01). Conclusion ERS may be related in the morphine dependence and it might play an important role of testicular dys-function in male drugabuser.