Objective To observe the effect of Shoutai Pills on endometrial decidualization of mice with recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA);To explore its possible mechanism in the treatment of RSA based on histone modification.Methods Totally 40 female CBA/J mice were divided into normal group,model group,Shoutai Pills low-dosage group(7.5 g/kg),Shoutai Pills high-dosage group(15 g/kg)and dydrogesterone group(3 mg/kg).The normal group were co housed with BALB/C male mice,while the other groups were co housed with DBA/2 male mice to establish an RSA mouse model.After modeling,the administration groups were given corresponding medication solution by gavage,while the normal group and model group were given equal volume of pure water by gavage for 10 consecutive days.The embryo condition was observed and the embryo loss rate was calculated,ELISA was used to detect serum prolactin(PRL)content,HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of decidual tissue,RT-PCR was used to detect PRL mRNA expression in decidual tissue,Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of H4ac,H3K27ac,H3K27me3.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group mice showed a significant increase in embryo loss rate,a significant decrease in serum PRL content,disordered arrangement of decidual cells,and extensive bleeding and necrosis;the expression of PRL mRNA and protein in decidual tissue significantly decreased,the protein expressions of H4ac and H3K27ac significantly decreased,while the expression of H3K27me3 protein significantly increased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the embryo loss rate of Shoutai Pills low-and high-dosage groups and the dexamethasone group significantly decreased,the serum PRL content significantly increased,tightly arranged decidual cells,reduced necrosis,and intact glands;the expression of PRL mRNA and protein in decidual tissue of mice in Shoutai Pills high-dosage group and the dexamethasone group significantly increased,the protein expressions of H4ac and H3K27ac significantly increased,the expression of H3K27me3 protein significantly decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Shoutai Pills can promote endometrial decidualization in RSA mice,which is related to the changes of histone modification in endometrial stromal cells.

Peripheral bacterial infections without impaired blood-brain barrier integrity have been attributed to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Peripheral infection promotes innate immune training in microglia and exacerbates neuroinflammation. However, how changes in the peripheral environment mediate microglial training and exacerbation of infection-related PD is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that GSDMD activation was enhanced in the spleen but not in the CNS of mice primed with low-dose LPS. GSDMD in peripheral myeloid cells promoted microglial immune training, thus exacerbating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during PD in an IL-1R-dependent manner. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of GSDMD alleviated the symptoms of PD in experimental PD models. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GSDMD-induced pyroptosis in myeloid cells initiates neuroinflammation by regulating microglial training during infection-related PD. Based on these findings, GSDMD may serve as a therapeutic target for patients with PD.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY).Methods:Five cases of PLNTY diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital and Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China from 2019 to 2021 were collected. All cases were evaluated using clinical and imaging data, histology, immunohistochemical staining and molecular genetics. The relevant literature was reviewed.Results:There were two male and three female patients, aged 10 to 39 years, with an average age of 25 years. Clinically, the tumors were in the temporal lobe (3 cases), the lateral ventricle (1 case) and the left head of caudate nucleus (1 case). The clinical manifestations included epilepsy in 3 cases, right visual disturbance in 1 case, and post-trauma incidental finding in 1 case. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized with infiltrative growth, cellular pleomorphism (oligodendroglioma-like cells were always present, with low-grade, pleomorphic nuclei) and variable calcifications. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for GFAP and Olig2. They also showed intense and diffuse expression of CD34 while CD34 expressing ramified neural elements were present in regional cortex. Ki-67 proliferation index was less than 3%. Molecular genetics showed the BRAF V600E mutation in 2 cases, the PAK5-Q337R missense mutation in 1 case, the FGFR2-CTNNA3 fusion in 1 case, and the FGFR2-INA and FGFR2-PPRC1 concomitant fusion in 1 case. No postoperative chemoradiotherapy was given. Follow-up intervals ranged from 3 to 29 months while no recurrence or metastasis was identified.Conclusions:PLNTY is uncommon. A definite diagnosis of PLNTY relies on histopathological examination and molecular genetics. It is important to distinguish PLNTY from high grade gliomas and avoid overtreatment. The recently reported the PAK5-Q337R missense mutation and the FGFR2-PPRC1 gene fusion in PLNTY may help diagnose and understand the pathogenesis of PLNTY.

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is the most important legume forage crop worldwide with high nutritional value and yield.For a long time,the breeding of alfalfa was hampered by lacking reliable information on the autotetraploid genome and molecular markers linked to important agro-nomic traits.We herein reported the de novo assembly of the allele-aware chromosome-level genome of Zhongmu-4,a cultivar widely cultivated in China,and a comprehensive database of genomic variations based on resequencing of 220 germplasms.Approximate 2.74 Gb contigs(N50 of 2.06 Mb),accounting for 88.39％of the estimated genome,were assembled,and 2.56 Gb contigs were anchored to 32 pseudo-chromosomes.A total of 34,922 allelic genes were identified from the allele-aware genome.We observed the expansion of gene families,especially those related to the nitrogen metabolism,and the increase of repetitive elements including transposable elements,which probably resulted in the increase of Zhongmu-4 genome compared with Medicago truncatula.Population structure analysis revealed that the accessions from Asia and South America had rela-tively lower genetic diversity than those from Europe,suggesting that geography may influence alfalfa genetic divergence during local adaption.Genome-wide association studies identified 101 sin-gle nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with 27 agronomic traits.Two candidate genes were predicted to be correlated with fall dormancy and salt response.We believe that the allele-aware chromosome-level genome sequence of Zhongmu-4 combined with the resequencing data of the diverse alfalfa germplasms will facilitate genetic research and genomics-assisted breeding in variety improvement of alfalfa.

Objective:To construct the "Internet +" nurse core competency evaluation index system.Methods:Combined with the policy analysis and literature research, a preliminary item pool was formed. The semi-structured interview was conducted to form a preliminary "Internet+" nurse core competency evaluation index system. From June to August 2021, the Delphi method was used to conduct three rounds of consultation with 19 experts, and finally determine the contents of the index system. The weights of indicators at all levels were calculated in combination with analytic hierarchy process.Results:Among three rounds of expert consultation, the questionnaire recovery rates were 100%, 100%, and 94.7% respectively, and the expert authority coefficients were 0.862, 0.857, and 0.841, and the Kendall coefficients were 0.228, 0.296, and 0.295 with statistical differences ( P<0.001) . The finally established "Internet +" nurse core competency evaluation index system included 4 first-level indicators, 16 second-level indicators and 59 third-level indicators of professional knowledge, professional skills, comprehensive ability and personal characteristics. Conclusions:The constructed "Internet +" nurse core competency evaluation index system is reliable, scientific and practical, and can be used as a basis for evaluating "Internet +" nurses' service capabilities.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Glutamine (Gln) supplementation on neurobehavioral outcome,neuronal apoptosis,microglia polarization,and neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.Methods TBI animal models were established using Feeney's method.Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group (Con),traumatic brain injury group (TBI),and glutamine supplementation group (TBI+Gln).We measured rat behavioral outcomes by modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) tests at day 1,3,7 and 14 after TBI.Apoptotic neurons were determined by Nissl staining.The microglia polarization relatived protein (Iba-1,CD16,CD86) expressions in TBI cerebral cortices were determined by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting,respectively.While,the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-1 and interferon (IFN)-γ were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Results Compared with the Con group,the levels of neurobehavioral outcome,neurons apoptosis,microglia polarization and neuroinflammatory factors were significantly increased in the other two groups (P=0.00).Compared with the TBl group,glutamin supplementation improvedneurobehavioral outcome [7 d:(10.74±0.25) points vs.(8.94±0.24) points,P=0.01;14 d:(8.77± 0.16) points vs.(7.43±0.13) points,P=0.03].Meanwhile,glutamin supplementation suppressed the apoptotic rates of neurons [3d:(80.18±8.38)％ vs.(65.47±7.02)％,P=0.01;7 d:(58.90±6.12)％ vs.(42.73±4.88)％,P=0.01;14d:(39.56±2.95)％vs.(31.12±3.16)％,P=0.01],inhibited protein expressions of Iba-1 and CD16,and increased the protein expression of CD86,which promoted the phenotypic shift of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype,inhibited microglial activation,and thus reduced TBI-induced neuroinflammatory factors [TNF-α:(125.42 ± 12.81) pg/ml vs.(74.36 ± 9.25) pg/ml,P =0.01;IL-1:(69.04±8.48) pg/ml vs.(34.73±3.92) pg/ml,P=0.01;TNF-α:(89.75±9.40) pg/ml vs.(45.62±6.64) pg/ml,P=0.02].Conclusion Glutamine supplementation can markedly reduce neuron apoptosis and improve neurological outcomes after TBI,possibly mediated by promoting the phenotypic shift of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype and thus reducing TBI-induced neuroinflammatory factors.

To clarify the effect of the sympathetic nerves on the body's physiopathological changes and acupuncture effect by the alphal-AR mediation in the past 30 years.The paper has referred to the database of CNKI and Pubmed,and systematically reviewed the publications in the past 30 years about the research of the alphal-AR mediation of the sympathetic nerves to the body's physiological andpathological changes and acupuncture effect.Alphal-AR not only mediated the sympathetic nerves on the inotropic change of the heart,and the contraction of the vascular smooth muscles,bladder sphincter,and uterine smooth muscles and other physiological effect,but also mediated cardiac arrhythmia,myocardial hypertrophy and other pathological process.In addition,Alphal-AR also mediated the acupuncture signal transmission,and acupuncture was able to adjust the sympathetic nervous tension.The body's physiopathological changes are closely related to alpha1-AR and subtype alteration.The in-depth study of alphal-AR helps to explain physiopathological mechanism of the body,as well as provide theoretical basis and the corresponding pharmacological models for better selective drugs.Studying Alpha1-AR on meridians contributes to the discovery of meridian essence and the substantial basis of acupuncture effects.

Peanut yield and quality are seriously affected by pod rot pathogens worldwide, especially in China in recent years. The goals of this study are to analyze the structure of fungal communities of peanut pod rot in soil in three peanut cultivars and the correlation of pod rot with environmental variables using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 46,723 internal transcribed spacer high-quality sequences were obtained and grouped into 1,706 operational taxonomic units at the 97% similarity cut-off level. The coverage, rank abundance, and the Chao 1 and Shannon diversity indices of the operational taxonomic units were analyzed. Members of the phylum Ascomycota were dominant, such as Fusarium, Chaetomium, Alternaria, and Sordariomycetes, followed by Basidiomycota. The results of the heatmap and redundancy analysis revealed significant variation in the composition of the fungal community among the three cultivar samples. The environmental conditions in different peanut cultivars may also influence on the structure of the fungal community. The results of this study suggest that the causal agent of peanut pod rot may be more complex, and cultivars and environmental conditions are both important contributors to the community structure of peanut pod rot fungi.
Alternaria ; Arachis* ; Ascomycota ; Basidiomycota ; Chaetomium ; China* ; Fungi* ; Fusarium ; Soil*

Objective To observe over-time changes in rat blood flow in the skins of related meridian points during physiological status, the pathological state of ischemic myocardial injury and low or high frequency electroacupuncture intervention and explore the post effect of different frequency electroacupuncture on related meridian points after treating ischemic myocardial injury. Method Fifty male Wister rats were randomized into five groups: blank control, sham operation, model, low frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point A) and high frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point B), 10 rats each. Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan (PC6), Ximen (PC4) and Tianquan (PC2), and non-meridian and non-acupoint control points was measured by laser speckle contrast imaging in every group immediately and at 30 and 60 min after the end of three treatments. Statistical analysis was made. Result Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan was significantly lower in the blank control group than in the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Blood flow in the skin of every acupoint increased in varing degrees after low or high frequency electroacupuncture treatment. Blood flow in bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan regions in meridian point group A was closer to that in the blank control group immediately after treatment. Blood flow in three left-side and three right-side acupoint regions in meridian point group B was closer to that in the blank control group at 30 and 60 min, respectively, after treatment. Conclusion The immediate effect of low frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than high frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury. The post effect of high frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than low frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury.

Objective To observe the operation of Nav1.6 voltage-gated sodium channels in rats with acute cerebral injury after electroacupuncture therapy and investigate the mechanism.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into an ischemia control group (IC,n =48),an electroacupuncture group (ET,n =48),a nimodipine therapy group (NT,n =48) and a sham operation group (SO,n =24),and were treated accordingly.A model of acute cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery using the suture method.The expression of Nav1.6,the concentration of Ca2+ and infarct volume were observed at 6 h,1 d,2 d and 3 d after ischemia with the real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR,immunofluorescence and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride methods,respectively.Results The Joshua score for neural function was zero in the sham operation group,and increased gradually in the three other groups 6 h and1 and 2 d after ischemia.The average Joshua score 3 d after ischemia was significantly lower than 1 d earlier in each group.In the ET group the expression of Nav1.6 was significantly upregulated at first,followed by a significant decrease.The concentration of Ca2+ behaved similarly.However,no significant changes were observed in the infarction volume percentage.At 3 d after ischemia the expression of Nav 1.6,the Joshua grades,the Ca2+ concentrations and the infarction volume percentage were all significantly lower in the ET group compared with the IC,NT and SO groups.Conclusion Electroacupuncture therapy after acute cerebral ischemia can inhibit the expression of Navl.6,reduced Na + inflow and calcium overload,and mitigate acute cerebral ischemic injury,at least in rats.The protective effect may be attributed to inhibiting the expression of Nav 1.6.