OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of persimmon leaf （PL） extract against ferroptosis induced by H2O2 in IEC-6 cells. METHODS Using IEC-6 cells as object， the effects of ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 on IEC-6 cell viability induced by H2O2 were investigated； IEC-6 cells were divided into control group， H2O2 group， H2O2+PL 25 μg/mL group and H2O2+PL 50 μg/mL group. The levels of oxidant stress indexes [content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）]， mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） as well as mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， NADPH/quinone oxidoreductase-1 （NQO-1）， cystine/glutamate anti-porter （xCT）， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） and ferritin heavy chain （FTH） were detected. RESULTS Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 could significantly increase the survival rate of H2O2-induced cells （P＜ 0.01）. Compared with the control group， MDA content， ROS level， mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and NQO-1 as well as protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased or up-regulated significantly， while SOD activity， MMP， mRNA expressions of xCT， GPX4 and FTH as well as protein expressions of GPX4 and FTH were decreased or down-regulated significantly （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. Compared with the H2O2 group， oxidative stress Δ indexes of H2O2+PL 25， 50 μg/mL groups were reversed to different extents， MMP level was increased significantly， as well as mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO-1，xCT， GPX4 and FTH were up-regulated to different extents；there were statistical significances in some indexes between groups （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS PL extract can alleviate mitochondrial membrane damage and abnormal accumulation of ROS caused by H2O2， which may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the different effects of Yunvjian with or without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix on glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in diabetic rats with the syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat. MethodThe rat model of diabetes due to Yin deficiency and internal heat was established by feeding with a high-sugar and high-fat diet and injection of thyroxine and streptozotocin. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model control， Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （11.8 g·kg^-1）， Yunvjian with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （12.8 g·kg^-1）， and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （1.0 g·kg^-1） groups （n=10）， and another 10 rats were taken as the normal control group. Each group was administrated with corresponding drugs or saline by gavage for 28 days. The fasting blood glucose （FBG）， fasting insulin （FINS）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in rats were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）， triiodothyronine （T₃）， thyroxine （T₄）， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and C-reactive protein （CRP） in the serum. The histopathological changes of the liver were observed. The expression of lipoxygenase-2 （COX-2） was detected by immunofluorescence. The mRNA levels of nuclear transcription factors-κB （NF-κB）， monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1）， and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）.Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of NF-κB in hibitory protein（IκB） kinase β （IKKβ）， IκBα， and phosphorylated IκBα （p-IκBα） in the liver and the protein levels of NF-κB in the cytoplasm and nucleus. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed elevated levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， TC， TG， LDL-C， cAMP， T₃， T₄， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， and CRP， up-regulated mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and up-regulated protein levels of COX-2， p-IκBα， and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix lowered the levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， TC， TG， LDL-C， cAMP， T₃， T₄， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， and CRP， down-regulated the mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and down-regulated the protein levels of COX-2， p-IκBα and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix， Yunvjian with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix showed lowered levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， and inflammatory cytokines， down-regulated mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and down-regulated protein levels of p-IκBα and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionAchyranthis Bidentatae Radix can enhance the performance of Yunvjian in reducing blood glucose and inhibiting inflammation in diabetic rats with the syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat by down-regulating the IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To discuss the distinctive sonographic feature and the biological behavior of renal angiomyolipoma(RAML),and to provide the reference for the clinicians to make the accurate diagnosis of RAML.Methods:The clinical data of one patient with invasive classical RAML combined with pseudaneurysm formation were collected.The sonographic appearances were analyzed in conjunction with the pathological characteristics to clarify the biological behavior of RAML,and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient,a 60-year-old female,visited the local hospital due to discomfort in the lumbar area,and received CT examination,and the CT examination results revealed a left renal mass,so the patient came to our hospital.The specialist clinical examinations and laboratory investigations were unremarkable.The ultrasound results indicated an enlarged left kidney with a cystic and solid mass at the upper pole,which featured pseudaneurysm formation(originating from the interlobar arteries);the enhanced CT image results suggested a high probability of upper pole renal carcinoma combined with aneurysmal formation within the tumor,alongside invasion into the left adrenal gland.The patient underwent laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy,and the postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of invasive classical RAML.Conclusion:The classical RAML can exhibit the invasive biological behavior.The pseudaneurysm formation is a special sonographic manifestation of RAML,which can be challenging to differentiate from the other renal tumors.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

Background Bipolar disorder is a severe mental disorder characterized by cycling between mania/hypomania and depression,yet its underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear.Several prior studies have suggested a potential role for voltage-gated calcium channel subunit genes in the etiology of bipolar disorder,particularly in their influence on brain structure.Objective To investigate the differences in grey matter volume(GMV)for individuals with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls,and to explore the potential influence of calcium channel voltage-dependent T-type α1 G subunit(CACNA1G)rs757415 polymorphism on GMV in bipolar disorder and clarify the specific brain regions associated with this genetic variation,thus offering a new opportunity to gain insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of bipolar disorder.Methods A cohort of 289 patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,fourth edition(DSM-IV)criteria for bipolar disorder were selected for participation.These patients were either admitted to hospital or examined in outpatient clinic for bipolar disorder at the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital,Sichuan University between September 2013 and December 2022.Another 322 healthy individuals were concurrently recruited as a control group from Sichuan University and surrounding communities.All participants underwent brain imaging using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner to acquire data on GMV.Additionally,the presence of the CACNA1G rs757415 polymorphism was validated using the imLDRTM technique.Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to investigate potential relationship between abnormal brain regions identified through GMV data and clinical characteristics of the patients.Then the genotype-by-diagnosis interaction effect for CACNA1G rs757415 on GMV was observed using the full factor method.Results The study successfully enrolled 173 patients with bipolar disorder and 207 healthy controls who completed all the necessary procedures.Analyses revealed decreased GMV for patients with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls in the left cerebellar declive extending to cerebellar anterior/posterior lobe,fusiform gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus(t=5.664,P<0.05);in the right cerebellar anterior/posterior lobe,fusiform gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus extending to lingual gyrus(t=4.583,P<0.05);in the bilateral anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri,superior frontal gyrus and precuneus(t=7.543,P<0.05);in the left lingual gyrus and superior temporal gyrus(t=6.593,P<0.05);and in the right insula entending to central operculum(t=7.153,P<0.05).Correlation analysis indicated that the duration of bipolar disorder was positively correlated with cerebrospinal fluid volume(r=0.258,P=0.003),whereas negatively correlated with the GMV in the left cerebellar declive extending to cerebellar anterior/posterior lobe,inferior occipital gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus(r=-0.204,P=0.019),in the right cerebellar anterior lobe extending to right cerebellar posterior lobe,fusiform gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus and lingual gyrus(r=-0.238,P=0.006),in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus extending to anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri and precuneus(r=-0.219,P=0.012),in the left lingual gyrus extending to superior temporal gyrus(r=-0.296,P=0.001),and in the right insula extending to central operculum(r=-0.257,P=0.003).A significant genotype-by-diagnosis interaction effect for CACNA1G rs757415 on GMV was observed in the right parahippocampal gyrus-fusiform gyrus-cerebellum 4-5(F=19.967,P<0.05).In the control group,individuals carrying the non-risk allele showed increased GMV in the right parahippocampal gyrus-fusiform gyrus-cerebellum 4-5 compared to those carrying the risk allele.In contrast,within the patient group,risk allele carriers exhibited increased GMV in the same brain regions when compared to non-risk allele carriers.Moreover,the GMV in the right parahippocampal gyrus-fusiform gyrus-cerebellum 4-5 of patients with bipolar disorder carrying risk alleles was increased compared to healthy controls.Conclusion CACNA1G rs757415 polymorphism may affect the GMV in the right parahippocampal gyrus,fusiform gyrus and cerebellum 4/5 of patients with bipolar disorder.