Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

Objective:Utilizing a seven-year panel data set of a targeted admission medical student cohort,this study aims to examine their career development and provide insights for retaining healthcare talent in township health centers and village clinics in the central and western rural areas of China.Method:Starting from 2015,cohorts of targeted and general clinical graduates from four medical colleges in central and western China were selected and tracked for their career progression.Results:The targeted graduates'standardized residency training and medical licensing examination pass rates were similar to those of general clinical graduates.They advanced more quickly in professional titles and positions,with 82.5%becoming attending physicians and 16.2%obtaining positions in the seventh year after graduation.However,their monthly income was significantly lower than that of general clinical graduates,and this income discrepancy expanded annually.As of December 2022,among the 493 targeted graduates who completed their contracts,38.5%stayed in grassroots positions.Of those who left,60%moved to county-level or higher public hospitals,7.9%pursued further studies,and 27.7%were unemployed.Conclusion:Targeted graduates are well-trained and advance rapidly in their careers,but their lower income significantly impacts their willingness to remain at the grassroots level.After completing their service period,about one-third of the targeted graduates choose to stay in grassroots positions.

AIM To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of liquiritin apioside,alibiflorin,swertiamarin,methyl gallate,benzoylpaeoniflorin,sweroside,6′-O-β-D-glucosylgentiopicroside,isoliquiritigenin,loganic acid,liquiritigenin,gallic acid,paeoniflorin,oxypaeoniflorin,gentiopicroside,glycyrrhizic acid,isoliquiritoside and liquiritin in Yangxue Ruanjian Capsules.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 40℃thermostatic Waters BEH C18column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate(containing 0.1%formic acid)-acetonitrile flowing at 0.3 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in negative ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Seventeen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r>0.999 6),whose average recoveries were 91.33%-104.03%with the RSDs of 1.58%-3.50%.CONCLUSION This rapid,accurate and stable method can be used for the quality control of Yangxue Ruanjian Capsules.

Amantadine(AMD)residue can accumulate in organisms through the food chain and cause serious harm to human body.AMD can specifically bind to AMD specific aptamer and cause its conformation to change from a random single strand to a stem-loop structure.To avoid the influence of excess nucleotides on binding of aptamer to AMD,the truncation of the AMD original aptamer J was optimized by retaining an appropriate stem-loop structure,and a new type of truncation aptamers was developed in this work.By comparing the truncated aptamer with the original aptamer,it was found that the truncated aptamer J-7 had better affinity and specificity with AMD.The detection limit of AMD was 0.11 ng/mL by using J-7 as specific recognition element and molybdenum disulfide nanosheet(MoS2Ns)as signal amplification element.The developed method base on truncated aptamer J-7 was used for detection of AMD in milk,yogurt and SD rat serum samples for the first time with recoveries of 86.6%-108.2%.This study provided a reference for truncating other long sequence aptamers and provided a more sensitive detection method for monitoring AMD residues in food.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of orthopedic robot combined with Starr pelvic reduction frame in the treatment of Tile type C pelvic ring fracture.Methods From October 2019 to May 2021,14 patients with type C pelvic ring fracture were treated with robotic combined with Starr pelvic reduction frame,including 9 males and 5 females.The age ranged from 33 to 69 years.All the 14 patients had fresh closed fractures without femur,tibia and fibula fracture.Surgery was complet-ed from 4 to 7 d after hospital admission.During the operation,the X-ray carbon bed was used,the pelvic ring was reduced by Starr pelvis reduction frame,and pelvic ring fracture was treated by orthopedic robot.Operation time,bleeding volume,fluo-roscopy times of single screw placement,fracture reduction quality,affected limb function and complications were observed.Radiological reduction was evaluated using Matta scoring standard,and clinical efficacy was evaluated by Majeed pelvic func-tion scoring system at the final follow-up.Results All of 14 patients successfully completed the operation,the operation time was 84 to 141 min,the bleeding volume was 20 to 50 ml,and the fluoroscopy times of single screw insertion was 4 to 9 times.All of 14 patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months.The healing time was 3 to 7 months.No complications such as fracture of internal fixation,screw loosening,infection and nerve injury were found.According to the evaluation criteria of Matta imag-ing reduction,9 cases were excellent,4 cases were good,and 1 case was fair.At the final follow-up,Majeed pelvic function scoring system was used:10 cases were excellent,4 cases were good.Conclusion The treatment of type C pelvic ring fracture with robotic combined Starr pelvis reduction frame is simple,time-saving,less trauma,less complications and effective.

Objective To investigate the mid-term effect and complications of arthroscopic popliteal tendon suture in the treatment of lateral meniscus injury.Methods From January 2016 to December 2020,the data of 57 patients with lateral meniscus popliteal tendon injury treated by arthroscopic popliteal tendon suture fixation were retrospectively analyzed,includ-ing 35 males and 22 females,aged from 18 to 47 years old with an average of(32.9±7.9)years old.Knee function was evaluat-ed using the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)and Lysholm scores both before the operation and at the fi-nal follow-up.Meniscus healing was evaluated according to the postoperative Barrett standard.Wound healing complications,such as vascular injury,nerve injury,and lower extremity venous thrombosis,were recorded.Results All 57 patients were fol-lowed up for 12 to 58 months with an average of(38.1±14.9)months.The incisions of the patients after the operation were all Grade A healing without infection,popliteal tendon injury,blood vessel injury,nerve injury and lower extremity venous throm-bosis.The IKDC score increased from(49.7±3.6)points preoperatively to(88.5±4.4)points in the final follow-up(P＜0.05).The Lysholm score increased from(48.8±4.9)points preoperatively to(91.9±3.9)points at the final follow-up(P＜0.05).At 3,6 months and 1 year after operation,according to Barrett's criteria,54 cases were clinically healed,the healing rate was 94.7％(54/57).Conclusion This study preliminarily confirmed that arthroscopic suture technique can result in clinical sta-bility through suture and fixation of the meniscus in the injured lateral popliteal tendon area.No adverse effects on knee joint function were found in the mid-term follow-up after the operation.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the protective effect of empagliflozin on ischemic brain injury and neurological dysfunction in mice, and further explore its potential mechanism. METHODS: Acute cerebral ischemia model was induced by the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery in C57BL/6J mice. Empagliflozin(10 and 30 mg·kg−1) was administered to mice one hour after the onset of occlusion. Brain infarct volume and neurological defect score were assayed 24 h after surgery. Mice were subjected to photo-thrombosis and further administered with empagliflozin 3, 10, 30 mg·kg−1 intragastricly for either 7 or 14 consecutive days. The grid-walking task and the cylinder task were performed daily to determine the sensory-motor function of the mice. Alternatively, the mice were treated with 10 mg·kg−1 empagliflozin simultaneously with 10% glucose(i.p.) for 7 consecutive days after the photo-thrombosis model to evaluate their motor sensory function. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the activation of microglia within the infarct area 7 d after the photo-thrombosis. RESULTS: One hour after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery, gavage of empagliflozin significantly increased the brain infarct volume and neurological dysfunction. While in photo-thrombosis surgery, treatment of empagliflozin(10 mg·kg−1) for consecutive 7 or 14 days significantly decreased the rate of false foot in grid-walking task and the assymetric index in cylinder task. At the dose of 30 mg·kg−1, however, empagliflozin even aggravated photo-thrombosis-induced neurological dysfunction, while the dose of 3 mg·kg−1 showed no effect. Unexpectedly, the protective effect of empagliflozin(10 mg·kg−1) could not be reversed by glucose treatment. The results of immunofluorescence showed that empagliflozin(10 mg·kg−1) significantly alleviated the microglia activation in the ischemic area after the photo-thrombosis operation. CONCLUSION Empagliflozin cannot protect against acute ischemia-induced brain injury in mice. Empagliflozin alleviated ischemia-induced neurological dysfunction with consecutive administration in a dose-related manner. Empagliflozin-conferred neuroprotection may not be attributable to its effects on lowing blood glucose. Alternatively, empagliflozin may play a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the excessive activation of microglia in ischemic brains.

In recent years,the development of acupuncture and moxibustion(shortened as acup-moxibustion)has flourished.With the verification of clinical efficacy of acup-moxibustion,its basic research has gradually drawn the attention of the practitioners accordingly.But how to scientifically perform the basic research of acup-moxibustion and to serve the clinic effectively has become a major problem for the contemporary Chinese medicine practitioners.By analyzing the characteristics of acup-moxibustion-related research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,this paper outlined the current status of domestic research of acup-moxibustion,and proposed four suggestions after analyzing the problems and weaknesses of acup-moxibustion basic research in China:①the clinical evidence-based system in the current acup-moxibustion should be further constructed and the basic research should be focused on the area of advantages;② the key problems of acup-moxibustion basic research should be clarified,and the proportion of original researches should be increased;③ the integration of production,teaching and research of acup-moxibustion should be enhanced to adapt to the era of big science;④ the funding system and its polity and structure needed to be reformed.This study will help to increase the discipline ranking of acup-moxibustion,enhance its high-quality development,and promote its internationalization.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with acupoint catgut embedding therapy on back-shu and front-mu points and external application on shenque(RN8)point for premature ovarian failure(POF).Methods A total of 62 patients with POF were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 31 patients in each group.The observation group was treated with acupuncture combined with acupoint catgut embedding therapy on back-shu and front-mu points and external application on shenque point,and the control group was treated with hormone replacement therapy.After three months of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,as well as the ovarian volume,number of antral follicle,and antral follicle diameter of the patients in the two groups before and after treatment were observed.The changes of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH)and estradiol(E2)levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results(1)The total effective rate was 93.55%(29/31)in the observation group and 80.64%(25/31)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the serum FSH,LH and E2 levels of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,ovarian volume,number of antral follicle,and antral follicle diameter were significantly improved in the two groups(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of POF with acupuncture combined with acupoint catgut embedding therapy on back-shu and front-mu points and external application on shenque point can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of the patients,conducive to the recovery of ovarian function,and significantly improve the sex hormone levels of the patients,with precise clinical efficacy.

Objective To observe the values of changes of right heart modified myocardial performance index(Mod-MPI)and ductus venosus(DV)spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods Eighty-one pregnant women diagnosed as pre-eclampsia were prospectively enrolled and divided into severe pre-eclampsia(SPE)group(n=39)and mild pre-eclampsia(MPE)group(n=42),while 85 healthy pregnant women were taken as controls(control group).Fetal right heart function parameters,including right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time(IRT),isovolumetric contraction time(ICT),ejection time(ET),total spent time(TST),Mod-MPI,tricuspid valve peak flow velocity ratio in early and late diastole(TV-E/A),as well as blood flow velocities in each waveform of DV spectrum(S,V,D,and A wave)were obtained,and the pulsatility index(PI)and the ratio of blood flow velocities in each waveform of the DV(S/V,S/D,S/A,V/D,V/A,D/A)were calculated.Intrauterine fetal distress,preterm delivery,neonatal asphyxia and newborn with low weight were considered as adverse pregnancy outcomes.The correlations of right heart Mod-MPI and TV-E/A with DV parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses were assessed,and their predictive efficacies for adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated for right heart Mod-MPI and DV using the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)and the area under the curves(AUC).Results Compared with control group and MPE group,fetal right heart IRT,ICT and Mod-MPI increased and ET decreased in SPE group(all P＜0.05).No significant differences of right heart TST and TV-E/A among 3 groups(both P＞0.05).Fetal DV A-wave velocity and V/D values progressively decreased but PI progressively increased in control,MPE and SPE groups(all P＜0.05).Fetal right heart Mod-MPI in pre-eclampsia was moderately positively correlated with DV PI(r=0.637,P=0.016),while TV-E/A was weakly negatively correlated with DV V/D(r=-0.355,P=0.043).Adverse pregnancy outcomes were noticed in 59 pre-eclampsia cases.The AUC of fetal right heart Mod-MPI and DV PI for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in pre-eclampsia cases was 0.897 and 0.848,respectively,without significant difference(Z=0.460,P=0.400).Conclusion Changes of right heart Mod-MPI and DV spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses had high value for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.