Purpose: Smoking may have a protective role in developing ulcerative colitis (UC) but have the opposite effect on Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aimed to determine the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to smoking status and onset age of smoking. Materials and Methods: We collected data on the smoking experiences of participants aged 20–39 years who underwent biannual examinations provided by the Korean National Health Screening Program from 2009 to 2012. IBD diagnosis was identified using the National Health Insurance Service. The risk of IBD according to smoking status and onset age of smoking was analyzed after adjusting for major clinical variables. Results: During a median 10.59-year follow-up, the risk of UC in ex-smokers was significantly higher than that in non-smokers, and the earlier ex-smokers started smoking, the higher risk of UC [ex-smokers whose onset age of smoking was <20 years, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.928, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.649–2.255; 20–24 years, aHR 1.728, 95% CI=1.541–1.939; 25–29 years, aHR 1.676, 95% CI=1.489–1.887; ≥30 years, aHR 1.226, 95% CI=1.010–1.486]. The risk of UC was significantly lower in current smokers whose onset age of smoking was 25–29 years than in non-smokers (aHR 0.825, 95% CI=0.709–0.959). The risk of CD did not differ according to smoking status and onset age of smoking. Conclusion Ex-smokers who started smoking at a young age have a high risk of UC, even after adjusting for the smoking amount.

and Relevance: Severe necrosis and mild fibrosis were observed in the liver and forelimb skeletal muscles. Based on histological analysis, we diagnosed iron overload myopathy by secondary hemochromatosis. Secondary hemochromatosis with severe muscle atrophy and myositis is very rare, and this is the first report of iron-overload myopathy in a dog.

Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) score is strongly correlated with HRQoL in IBD patients. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing HRQoL in IBD patients. Methods: In this prospective study, all patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) completed the SIBDQ at enrollment; some patients also completed a second SIBDQ at follow-up. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine associations between SIBDQ scores and clinical factors. Results: A total of 1,020 patients participated (UC, 67%; CD, 33%). The median SIBDQ score was 52 (interquartile range, 44 to 59). In UC patients, the stool frequency (β=–2.333, p<0.001), Physician Global Assessment score (β=–3.950, p<0.001), fecal calprotectin level (β=–4.014, p<0.001), and corticosteroid use (β=–4.809, p=0.006) were negatively correlated with the SIBDQ score. In CD patients, the number of diarrhea episodes per day (β=–1.467, p=0.024) and Crohn's Disease Activity Index score (β=–0.045, p<0.001) were negatively correlated with the SIBDQ score. A total of 202 patients completed the second SIBDQ within a mean of 3.4 years. The distributions of SIBDQ score changes were as follows: decrease >10%, 28%; –10%10%, 43%. In both the initial SIBDQ and follow-up SIBDQ, scores for items pertaining to systemic symptoms (tension and fatigue) were relatively low. Conclusions Bowel movement-related problems significantly affect the HRQoL of both UC and CD patients. IBD patients scored lower on SIBDQ items related to general well-being. After 3 years of follow-up at the IBD clinic, 43% of patients showed a significant improvement in HRQoL.

Anticancer treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia is based on drugs such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, and asparaginase. Asparaginase-related pancreatitis is known to have an incidence of up to 18%, and is a major cause of discontinuation of anticancer treatment for leukemia due to acute onset and chronic complications. There were various cases of treatment of peripancreatic fluid retention caused by anticancer drugs in leukemia patients. Use of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) for walled-off necrosis (WON) drainage has recently increased. The electrocautery-enhanced delivery system allowed simpler and faster stent placement, streamlining the overall procedure and potentially reducing procedure time. Therefore, favorable outcomes have been reported with the use of LAMS for endoscopic drainage of various conditions. In this paper, we discuss a case in which hot-system LAMS was performed to treat L-asparaginase-induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Purpose: Smoking may have a protective role in developing ulcerative colitis (UC) but have the opposite effect on Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aimed to determine the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to smoking status and onset age of smoking. Materials and Methods: We collected data on the smoking experiences of participants aged 20–39 years who underwent biannual examinations provided by the Korean National Health Screening Program from 2009 to 2012. IBD diagnosis was identified using the National Health Insurance Service. The risk of IBD according to smoking status and onset age of smoking was analyzed after adjusting for major clinical variables. Results: During a median 10.59-year follow-up, the risk of UC in ex-smokers was significantly higher than that in non-smokers, and the earlier ex-smokers started smoking, the higher risk of UC [ex-smokers whose onset age of smoking was <20 years, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.928, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.649–2.255; 20–24 years, aHR 1.728, 95% CI=1.541–1.939; 25–29 years, aHR 1.676, 95% CI=1.489–1.887; ≥30 years, aHR 1.226, 95% CI=1.010–1.486]. The risk of UC was significantly lower in current smokers whose onset age of smoking was 25–29 years than in non-smokers (aHR 0.825, 95% CI=0.709–0.959). The risk of CD did not differ according to smoking status and onset age of smoking. Conclusion Ex-smokers who started smoking at a young age have a high risk of UC, even after adjusting for the smoking amount.

Anticancer treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia is based on drugs such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, and asparaginase. Asparaginase-related pancreatitis is known to have an incidence of up to 18%, and is a major cause of discontinuation of anticancer treatment for leukemia due to acute onset and chronic complications. There were various cases of treatment of peripancreatic fluid retention caused by anticancer drugs in leukemia patients. Use of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) for walled-off necrosis (WON) drainage has recently increased. The electrocautery-enhanced delivery system allowed simpler and faster stent placement, streamlining the overall procedure and potentially reducing procedure time. Therefore, favorable outcomes have been reported with the use of LAMS for endoscopic drainage of various conditions. In this paper, we discuss a case in which hot-system LAMS was performed to treat L-asparaginase-induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Anticancer treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia is based on drugs such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, and asparaginase. Asparaginase-related pancreatitis is known to have an incidence of up to 18%, and is a major cause of discontinuation of anticancer treatment for leukemia due to acute onset and chronic complications. There were various cases of treatment of peripancreatic fluid retention caused by anticancer drugs in leukemia patients. Use of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) for walled-off necrosis (WON) drainage has recently increased. The electrocautery-enhanced delivery system allowed simpler and faster stent placement, streamlining the overall procedure and potentially reducing procedure time. Therefore, favorable outcomes have been reported with the use of LAMS for endoscopic drainage of various conditions. In this paper, we discuss a case in which hot-system LAMS was performed to treat L-asparaginase-induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Purpose: Smoking may have a protective role in developing ulcerative colitis (UC) but have the opposite effect on Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aimed to determine the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to smoking status and onset age of smoking. Materials and Methods: We collected data on the smoking experiences of participants aged 20–39 years who underwent biannual examinations provided by the Korean National Health Screening Program from 2009 to 2012. IBD diagnosis was identified using the National Health Insurance Service. The risk of IBD according to smoking status and onset age of smoking was analyzed after adjusting for major clinical variables. Results: During a median 10.59-year follow-up, the risk of UC in ex-smokers was significantly higher than that in non-smokers, and the earlier ex-smokers started smoking, the higher risk of UC [ex-smokers whose onset age of smoking was <20 years, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.928, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.649–2.255; 20–24 years, aHR 1.728, 95% CI=1.541–1.939; 25–29 years, aHR 1.676, 95% CI=1.489–1.887; ≥30 years, aHR 1.226, 95% CI=1.010–1.486]. The risk of UC was significantly lower in current smokers whose onset age of smoking was 25–29 years than in non-smokers (aHR 0.825, 95% CI=0.709–0.959). The risk of CD did not differ according to smoking status and onset age of smoking. Conclusion Ex-smokers who started smoking at a young age have a high risk of UC, even after adjusting for the smoking amount.

Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) score is strongly correlated with HRQoL in IBD patients. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing HRQoL in IBD patients. Methods: In this prospective study, all patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) completed the SIBDQ at enrollment; some patients also completed a second SIBDQ at follow-up. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine associations between SIBDQ scores and clinical factors. Results: A total of 1,020 patients participated (UC, 67%; CD, 33%). The median SIBDQ score was 52 (interquartile range, 44 to 59). In UC patients, the stool frequency (β=–2.333, p<0.001), Physician Global Assessment score (β=–3.950, p<0.001), fecal calprotectin level (β=–4.014, p<0.001), and corticosteroid use (β=–4.809, p=0.006) were negatively correlated with the SIBDQ score. In CD patients, the number of diarrhea episodes per day (β=–1.467, p=0.024) and Crohn's Disease Activity Index score (β=–0.045, p<0.001) were negatively correlated with the SIBDQ score. A total of 202 patients completed the second SIBDQ within a mean of 3.4 years. The distributions of SIBDQ score changes were as follows: decrease >10%, 28%; –10%10%, 43%. In both the initial SIBDQ and follow-up SIBDQ, scores for items pertaining to systemic symptoms (tension and fatigue) were relatively low. Conclusions Bowel movement-related problems significantly affect the HRQoL of both UC and CD patients. IBD patients scored lower on SIBDQ items related to general well-being. After 3 years of follow-up at the IBD clinic, 43% of patients showed a significant improvement in HRQoL.

Purpose: Smoking may have a protective role in developing ulcerative colitis (UC) but have the opposite effect on Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aimed to determine the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to smoking status and onset age of smoking. Materials and Methods: We collected data on the smoking experiences of participants aged 20–39 years who underwent biannual examinations provided by the Korean National Health Screening Program from 2009 to 2012. IBD diagnosis was identified using the National Health Insurance Service. The risk of IBD according to smoking status and onset age of smoking was analyzed after adjusting for major clinical variables. Results: During a median 10.59-year follow-up, the risk of UC in ex-smokers was significantly higher than that in non-smokers, and the earlier ex-smokers started smoking, the higher risk of UC [ex-smokers whose onset age of smoking was <20 years, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.928, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.649–2.255; 20–24 years, aHR 1.728, 95% CI=1.541–1.939; 25–29 years, aHR 1.676, 95% CI=1.489–1.887; ≥30 years, aHR 1.226, 95% CI=1.010–1.486]. The risk of UC was significantly lower in current smokers whose onset age of smoking was 25–29 years than in non-smokers (aHR 0.825, 95% CI=0.709–0.959). The risk of CD did not differ according to smoking status and onset age of smoking. Conclusion Ex-smokers who started smoking at a young age have a high risk of UC, even after adjusting for the smoking amount.