Ultra-fast performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( UFLC-MS/MS) was used to study the anti-inflammatory active ingredient of Millettia pachyloba,6-methoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-( 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4 H,8 H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-4-one( HN-1),in liver microsomes of rats,mice,rhesus monkeys,Beagle dogs and humans metabolic stability,and compare the metabolic differences between different species. The metabolic phenotype in human liver microsomes was determined by chemical inhibitor method. Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS detection method,the in vitro metabolites of various liver microsomes were preliminarily inferred by comparing the samples incubated for 0 min and 60 min in vitro. The metabolites of HN-1 in SD rats were presumed by comparing feces,urine,plasma blanks and samples after administration. The results showed that the metabolism of HN-1 in various liver microsomes was stable,and the metabolic properties of dog and human liver microsomes were the closest. It is mainly catabolized by CYP1 A1,CYP2 D6 and CYP3 A4 isoenzymes in human liver microsomes. The metabolites of HN-1 in vitro and in vivo,including 3 in vitro metabolites and5 in vivo metabolites,were preliminarily estimated. The results laid the foundation for further pharmacological studies of HN-1.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Mice ; Microsomes, Liver ; Millettia ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The current study to separate and identify constituents from Millettia nitida var. hirsutissima. The compounds from Millettia nitida var. hirsutissima were isolated by means of various chromatographic techniques such as column chromatography over ODS and Sephadex LH-20, preparative HPLC, and the structures of these isolated compounds were identified through spectroscopic analyses. Nine isoflavonoids and two flavans were isolated and identified as 5-O-methy genistein (1), 7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (2), ononin (3), catechin (4), formononetin (5), genistein (6), calycosin (7), (-)-gallocatechin (8), sissotrin (9), wistin (10), daidzin (11). Compounds 1, 2, 9 are obtained from the genus Millettia for the first time,and compounds 4, 8 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Millettia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure

Millettia pinnata L. is a leguminous tree with great potential in biodiesel applications and also a typical semi-mangrove. In this review, we presented several aspects about the recent research progress in molecular biology of M. pinnata. We descrived several types of molecular markers used to assess the genetic diversity and phylogeny of this species, genome and transcriptome analyses based on high-throughput sequencing platform accomplished for this species, and several gene and genomic sequences of this species isolated for further research. Finally, based on the current research progress, we proposed some orientations for future molecular biology research on M. pinnata.
Base Sequence ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Millettia ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Trees ; genetics

To use the single-pass intestine perfusion (SPIP) model and HPLC to determine the concentration of formononetin, the effect of quality concentrations of formononetin, different intestinal segments and P-glycoprotein inhibitor on intestinal absorption of formononetin, in order to observe the intestinal absorption mechanism of formononetin from Millettia nitita var. hirsutissima in rats. The experimental results showed that the qulaity concentration of formononetin in the perfusate had no significant effect on the absorption rate constant (K(a)) and the apparent absorption coefficient (P(app)); K(a) and P(app) of formononetin in duodenum, jejunum and ileum showed no significant difference. However, K(a) was significantly higher than that in colon (P < 0.05), with significant difference between that in intestinum tenue and colon. P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil showed significant difference in K(a) and P(app) in intestinal segments (P < 0.05). This indicated that the absorption mechanism of formononein in rat intestinal tracts passive diffusion, without any saturated absorption. Formononein is absorbed well in all intestines. Their absorption windows were mainly concentrated in the intestinum tenue, without specific absorption sites. Formononein may be the substrate of P-glycoprotein.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacokinetics ; Kinetics ; Male ; Millettia ; chemistry ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects and mechanisms of Pongamia pinnata root flavonoids (PRF) on the experimental gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid and to study the mechanism of PRF on the quality of ulcer healing.

METHODSThe models were established by acetic acid erosion, the quality of ulcer healing of PRF on the model of gastric ulcer were observed. The contents of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. The expression of EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) were detected by immunohistochemistry (SP).

RESULTSPRF significantly inhibited ulcerative formation induced by acetic acid (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). PRF could significantly increase the EGF and TGF-alpha (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) expression of para-ulcer mucosa tissue and improve the EGF contents in blood serum (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPRF increases the contents of EGF in serum and the expression of EGF and TGF-alpha in the tissue around gastric ulcer which might be one of possible mechanisms that PRF improves quality of ulcer healing.

Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; blood ; Female ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Male ; Millettia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stomach Ulcer ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; metabolism

To study the chemical constituents of Millettia nitida var. hirsutissima, the constituents were isolated by chromatographic techniques, and structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. Eight isoflavones were isolated and identified, including a new compound, hirsutissimiside F (1), and seven known compounds, formononetin (2), ononin (3), odoratin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), lanceolarin (5), afromosin (6), sphaerobioside (7), and hirsutissimiside B (8). Compounds 3, 4, 5 and 7 were isolated from the genus Millettia for the first time, 2 was obtained from this plant for the first time.
Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Millettia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Growing patterns of pediculocidal drug resistance towards head louse laid the foundation for research in exploring novel anti-lice agents from medicinal plants. In the present study, various extracts of Pongamia pinnata leaves were tested against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis. A filter paper diffusion method was conducted for determining the potential pediculocidal and ovicidal activity of chloroform, petroleum ether, methanol, and water extracts of P. pinnata leaves. The findings revealed that petroleum ether extracts possess excellent anti-lice activity with values ranging between 50.3% and 100% where as chloroform and methanol extracts showed moderate pediculocidal effects. The chloroform and methanol extracts were also successful in inhibiting nymph emergence and the petroleum ether extract was the most effective with a complete inhibition of emergence. Water extract was devoid of both pediculocidal and ovicidal activities. All the results were well comparable with benzoyl benzoate (25% w/v). These results showed the prospect of using P. pinnata leave extracts against P. humanus capitis in difficult situations of emergence of resistance to synthetic anti-lice agents.
Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Insecticides/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Lice/*drug effects ; Millettia/*chemistry ; Plant Extracts/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/*chemistry ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo separate effective constituents from Millettia nitida var. hirsutissima.

METHODCompounds were isolated by chromatography methods, structures were identified by spectroscopic means.

RESULTEight flavonoids (1-8) and two triterpenes (9-10) were isolated from this plant. They were identified as calycosin (1), genistin (2), gliricidin (3), 8-O-methylretusin (4), afromosin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), lanceolarin (6), soliquiritigenin (7), symplocoside (8), lupeol (9), 3beta-friedelanol (10).

CONCLUSIONThe compounds (1-10) were obtained from M. nitida var. hirsutissima for the first time. The 13C-NMR dada of 1 were correct assignment on the basis of 2D-NMR spectral analysis.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Millettia ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of extract from Pongamia pinnata roots on experimental gastric ulcer and screen the effective fraction.

METHODThe models of gastric mucosa damage were induced by absolute alcohol in rats and reserpine in mice to observed the effect of ethyl alcohol extract from P. pinnata roots (PRE) and different parts on experimental gastric ulcer.

RESULTPRE, acetic ether extract and n-butanol extract could significantly inhibit the gastric mucosa damage induced by absolute alcohol in rats and reserpine in mice. In absolute alcohol models the gastric ulcer rates of inhibition were 86.4%, 85.4%, 11.5%, respectively. In reserpine models the gastric ulcer rates of inhibition were 37.8%, 33.8%, 19.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONPRE, acetic ether extract and n-butanol extract could significantly inhibit the gastric mucosa damage induced by absolute alcohol in rats and reserpine in mice. Acetic ether extract from P. pinnata roots has the best effect on experimental gastric ulcer.

Animals ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Ethanol ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Millettia ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reserpine ; Stomach Ulcer ; chemically induced ; pathology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of vine stem of Millettia dielsiana.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were employed for the isolation and purification of the chemical constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses.

RESULTSeven isoflavones were isolated and identified as 6-methoxycalpogonium isoflavone A (1), durmillone (2), ichthynone (3), jamaicin (4), toxicarol isoflavone (5), barbigerone (6), genistein (7) respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound 5 was isolated from the genus and Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Genistein ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Millettia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry