PURPOSE: To introduce a new convenient and accurate method to measure the angle kappa using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and corneal topography. METHODS: Data from 42 eyes (13 males and 29 females) were analyzed in this study. The angle kappa was measured using Orbscan II and calculated with UBM and corneal topography. The angle kappa of the dominant eye was compared with measurements by Orbscan II. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 36.4 ± 13.8 years. The average angle kappa measured by Orbscan II was 3.98°± 1.12°, while the average angle kappa calculated with UBM and corneal topography was 3.19°± 1.15°. The difference in angle kappa measured by the two methods was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The two methods showed good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.671; p < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots were used to demonstrate the agreement between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: We designed a new method using UBM and corneal topography to calculate the angle kappa. This method is convenient to use and allows for measurement of the angle kappa without an expensive device.
Corneal Topography* ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Microscopy, Acoustic* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the differences in the ocular component values with the degree of anisomyopia. METHODS: Refraction, corneal power (CP), and biometry were examined in 50 myopic adults with refractive differences (RD) over 1.50 diopters (D). Ocular components were measured by ultrasound biometry and keratometry. The correlation between the differences in the ocular component values with the degree of anisomyopia was analyzed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 50 adults with anisomyopia, 5 had RD from 1.50 to 2.99 D, 11 had RD from 3.00 to 3.99 D, 9 had RD from 4.00 to 5.99 D, 12 had RD from 6.00 to 7.99 D, 7 had RD from 8.00 to 11.99 D, and 6 had > or =12.00 D. There was no significant correlation between the ocular components (CP, crystalline lens thickness [LT], and anterior chamber depth [ACD], and the length from the cornea to the posterior surface of the lens [ACD + LT]) and the RD (p > 0.05). The RD showed a significantly positive correlation with vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and axial length (r = 0.963, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The severity of anisomyopia was not correlated with the between-eye differences in the anterior chamber values of the eye (CP, ACD, LT, ACD + LT). The severity of anisomyopia was significantly correlated with the between-eye differences in VCD.
Adult ; Aged ; Anisometropia/complications/physiopathology/*ultrasonography ; Anterior Chamber/*ultrasonography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic/methods ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/complications/physiopathology/*ultrasonography ; Refraction, Ocular ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in the anterior chamber depth (ACD) measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

METHODSAll studies pertaining to ACD measured by AS-OCT and UBM were collected from online databases. The assessment of methodological quality and data extraction from the included studies were performed independently by two reviewers for meta-analysis.

RESULTSEight studies involving 710 eyes were included in the analysis. The difference of ACD measurements between AS-OCT and UBM was not statistically significant in the overall patients included for analysis (SMD=0.19, 95%CI [0.00, 0.39]) or in the patients with primary angle-closed glaucoma (SMD=0.02, 95%CI[-0.04,0.19]).

CONCLUSIONSThe ACD measurements do not differ significantly between AS-OCT and UBM. Due to the relatively small number of the included studies and the patients involved, this conclusion needs further confirmation by high-quality studies involving larger sample sizes.

Anterior Chamber ; anatomy & histology ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Female ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; methods

BACKGROUNDTransradial coronary intervention (TRI) introduces injury to the radial artery (RA) which will affect repeat transradial coronary procedure and the quality as a bypass conduit. We sought to compare the early radial injury after TRI between first-TRI and repeat-TRI by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

METHODSA total of 1116 patients who underwent the transradial coronary procedures were enrolled. The patients depending on whether for the first time to accept transradial coronary procedure were divided into first-TRI group and repeat-TRI group. The RA was examined by UBM before and one day after the procedure.

RESULTSCompared with first-TRI group, the mean RA diameter of repeat-TRI one day after the procedure decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In first-TRI group, the mean RA diameter was (2.32 ± 0.53) and (1.93 ± 0.57) mm before procedure and one day after the procedure respectively (P < 0.05). In repeat-TRI group, the mean RA diameter was (2.37 ± 0.51) and (1.79 ± 0.54) mm before procedure and one day after the procedure, respectively (P < 0.01). Compared with first-TRI group, the mean RA diameter was reduced significantly in repeat-TRI group one day after the procedure (P < 0.05). The early radial injuries and intimal thickening were compared between first-TRI and repeat-TRI. The mean intima-media thickness of RA was (0.24 ± 0.13) mm and (0.59 ± 0.28) mm before procedure and one day after the procedure in first-TRI group. The mean intima-media thickness of RA was (0.29 ± 0.16) mm and (0.68 ± 0.32) mm before procedure and one day after the procedure in repeat-TRI group. Compared with first-TRI group, the mean intimal thickening was increased significantly in repeat-TRI group one day after the procedure (P < 0.05). Intimal dissection, stenosis and occlusion were all significantly greater in repeat-TRI RAs (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that diameter, repeated TRI procedure and PCI procedure were the independent predictors of intimal thickening.

CONCLUSIONSRA early injuries were greater in repeat-TRI patients than in first-TRI patients. We first use high-resolution UBM imaging to demonstrate the rate of radial injury and revealed that diameter, repeated TRI procedure and PCI procedure were the independent predictors of intimal thickening.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Radial Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics of idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasis (IJT) in Koreans. METHODS: Medical records of 16 patients with IJT were analyzed during the period from 1997 to 2009. Diagnosis was based on biomicrosopic and fluorescein angiographic findings and the group was determined according to the Gass and Blodi classification. RESULTS: We analyzed eight patients in group 1A (50%), two in group 1B (12.5%), and six in group 2A (37.5%). Diverse treatment modalities, such as macular laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, intravitreal antiangiogenic agent, and steroid injection, were applied for macular edema in nine eyes; however, only two eyes showed visual improvement. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series, group 1A was the most common. For macular edema related to IJT, current treatment strategies had no consistent effect.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Child ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fovea Centralis/*blood supply ; Fundus Oculi ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Middle Aged ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retinal Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Retinal Vessels/*pathology/ultrasonography ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Telangiectasis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy between intravitreal bevacizumab and combination treatment (bevacizumab and macular photocoagulation) for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). In addtion, changes of DME type were researched using optical coherence tomography. METHODS: The present study included 90 eyes with bevacizumab injection and 38 eyes with combination treatment. Using chart records, patients were reviewed until 6 months after treatment. The present study compared changes of visual acuity (VA) and macular thickness at each follow up. DME was classified into 4 types and the morphologic pattern was compared. RESULTS: In patients with the bevacizumab injection only, VA improved from 0.29 +/- 0.18 to 0.48 +/- 0.26 at 1 month and returned to 0.32 +/- 0.20 at 6 months after treatment. In the combination treatment, VA improved from 0.32 +/- 0.22 to 0.52 +/- 0.26 at 1 month and returned to 0.36 +/- 0.18 at 6 months after treatment. There was no significant improvement of VA at the final follow-up with either treatment. There was significant decrease of macular thickness except in the mixed DME type. CONCLUSIONS: The combination treatment did not yield better VA or macular thickness reduction at 6 months than bevacizumab injection alone. By classifying and observing the change of DME type, determining the treatment objectively and predicting the effectiveness of treatment can be helpful.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*administration & dosage ; Diabetic Retinopathy/*complications/diagnosis/therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Laser Coagulation/*methods ; Macular Edema/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy between intravitreal bevacizumab and combination treatment (bevacizumab and macular photocoagulation) for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). In addtion, changes of DME type were researched using optical coherence tomography. METHODS: The present study included 90 eyes with bevacizumab injection and 38 eyes with combination treatment. Using chart records, patients were reviewed until 6 months after treatment. The present study compared changes of visual acuity (VA) and macular thickness at each follow up. DME was classified into 4 types and the morphologic pattern was compared. RESULTS: In patients with the bevacizumab injection only, VA improved from 0.29 +/- 0.18 to 0.48 +/- 0.26 at 1 month and returned to 0.32 +/- 0.20 at 6 months after treatment. In the combination treatment, VA improved from 0.32 +/- 0.22 to 0.52 +/- 0.26 at 1 month and returned to 0.36 +/- 0.18 at 6 months after treatment. There was no significant improvement of VA at the final follow-up with either treatment. There was significant decrease of macular thickness except in the mixed DME type. CONCLUSIONS: The combination treatment did not yield better VA or macular thickness reduction at 6 months than bevacizumab injection alone. By classifying and observing the change of DME type, determining the treatment objectively and predicting the effectiveness of treatment can be helpful.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*administration & dosage ; Diabetic Retinopathy/*complications/diagnosis/therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Laser Coagulation/*methods ; Macular Edema/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare clinical outcomes after deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) with Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) performed as initial cases by a single surgeon. METHODS: Sixteen patients with corneal endothelial were enrolled. Eight patients (8 eyes) underwent DLEK and 8 patients (8 eyes) DSEK. We measured uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction, corneal endothelial count, interface opacity via Schiempflug imaging, and contrast sensitivity, as well as tracked postoperative complications over the first postoperative year. RESULTS: Primary graft failure occurred in two DLEK cases and one DSEK case, all of which were excluded for further analysis. The average 12-month postoperative BCVA was 20/70 in the DLEK group and 20/50 in the DSEK group, with the difference not statistically significant. No significant differences were identified between the 2 groups in terms of mean spherical equivalent and refractive astigmatism, although individuals in the DSEK group tended toward hyperopia. The average endothelial cell count at postoperative month 12 was 1849+/-494 in the DLEK group and 1643+/-417 cells/mm2 in the DSEK group, representing cell losses of 26.2% and 31.9%, respectively. No significant differences in endothelial cell count or endothelial cell loss were observed between groups. Early postoperative donor disc dislocation occurred in two eyes after DLEK and one eye after DSEK. Interface opacities and contrast sensitivities were similarly not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in any assessed clinical outcome were observed between individuals undergoing DLEK and DSEK, when performed as initial cases by a single surgeon.
Aged ; Cell Count ; Corneal Edema/pathology/*surgery ; Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty/*methods ; Endothelium, Corneal/pathology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressures (IOPs) measured by dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and to investigate the association of IOPs on eyes of varying central corneal thickness (CCT). METHODS: In this prospective study, 451 eyes of 233 subjects were enrolled. IOPs were measured by GAT and DCT. CCT was measured three times and the average was calculated. Each eye was classified into one of three groups according to CCT: low CCT (group A, CCT<520 micrometer, n=146); normal CCT (group B, 520 micrometer < or = CT < or = 550 micrometer, n=163); and high CCT (group C, CCT>550 micrometer, n=142). In each group, we investigated the association of CCT with IOP measurement by GAT and DCT. RESULTS: The IOPs measured by GAT and DCT were significantly associated for all eyes (R=0.853, p<0.001, Pearson correlation). CCT was related with both IOP measurement by GAT and DCT with statistical significance (mixed effect model, p<0.001). However, subgroup analysis showed that CCT affected IOP measured by GAT for groups B and C, whereas it affected IOP measured by DCT only for group C. CONCLUSIONS: IOP measured by DCT was not affected by CCT in eyes with low to normal CCT, whereas this measurement was affected in eyes of high CCT range. CCT may have less effect on IOP measurements using DCT than those obtained by GAT, within a specified range of CCT.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cornea/ultrasonography ; Female ; Glaucoma/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic/methods ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Tonometry, Ocular/*methods ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDPhakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation has been a popular means for the treatment of high ametropia. Measurements of ciliary sulcus diameter is important for pIOL size determining. But till now, no perfect system can directly measure it. The present study was to evaluate the accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of direct sulcus diameter measurements obtained by a full-scale 50-megahertz (MHz) ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

METHODSA fresh cadaver human eye with a scale marker inserted through the posterior chamber plane from 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock meridian and 30 randomly selected eyes from 30 normal subjects were scanned by full-scale 50-MHz UBM in horizontal meridional scan plane. The distance between the scales and the whole length of the marker inside the cadaver eye were measured by the same observer using the "built-in" measurement tools and the indicating error of instrument was calculated. Reproducibility of the measurement was evaluated in 30 eyes by 2 operators using Blander and Altman plot test. Repeatability was evaluated from 10 successive eyes randomly selected from the 30 eyes by one operator.

RESULTSOn a scale of 1 mm, the greatest indicating error was 40 microm; the mean largest indicating error of 1 mm scale from the 10 images was (26 +/- 14) microm; on a scale of 11 mm, the greatest indicating error was 70 microm; the error rate was 0.64%. The mean length of the needle inside the eye of the 10 images was 11.05 mm, with the mean indicating error of 47 microm, the average error rate was 0.43%. For ciliary sulcus diameter measurements in vivo, the coefficient of variation was 0.38%; the coefficients of repeatability for intra-observer and inter-observer measurements were 1.99% and 2.55%, respectively. The limits of agreement for intra-observer and inter-observer measurement were -0.41 mm to 0.48 mm and -0.59 mm to 0.58 mm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe full-scale 50-MHz UBM can be a high accuracy and good repeatability means for direct measuring the ciliary sulcus diameter and useful for size determining of posterior chamber pIOL.

Ciliary Body ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; methods ; standards ; Reproducibility of Results