Objective To analyze the relationship of the volume of 87 brain regions with postnatal age and neurobehavior in full-term neonates.Methods A total of 75 full-term newborns[gestational age(39.38±1.22)weeks;male/female(51/24);postnatal age(11.11±6.67)days]without abnormalities on brain MRI(three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging,3D T1WI)at our hospital between November 2010 and September 2017 were retrospectively included.Based on the template of 87 brain regions,the neonatal brains were divided into 87 brain regions and their volumes were calculated by using V-shape Bottleneck network(VB-Net)deep learning segmentation technique,Pearson partial correlation and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship of the volume of each brain region with postnatal age and neurobehavioral scores.Results After adjusting for gestational age,birth weight,head circumference,body length and sex,66.7％of the regional brain volumes(58/87 brain regions)significantly increased with the postnatal age(correlation coefficient r:0.2-0.7,P＜0.05).The volumes of gray matter in bilateral lentiform nucleus,left caudate nucleus,right occipital lobe,right inferior temporal lobe,and bilateral anterior temporal lobe strongly correlated with the postnatal age(r＞0.50,P＜0.05).The gray matter volume of the right occipital lobe linearly increased with age(slope:100.67),and was positively correlated with behavioral scores(r=0.324,P＜0.01).Conclusion Most of regional brain volumes increase with the postnatal age during the neonatal period,and the fastest growth occurs in primary sensorimotor-related brain regions,presenting the spatial heterogeneity.Partial brain region grows with the development of behavioral ability.

With the process of China’s aging population intensifying， palliative care， as an important guarantee for improving the quality of life of terminally ill patients， is receiving more and more social attention， and the demand is constantly increasing. Palliative care needs versatile professionals， and general education can enhance people’s awareness and understanding of it， enabling more people to understand， accept， and participate in palliative care. With the advancement of knowledge and technology in palliative care， the traditional cramming education models are no longer able to meet the actual needs. Therefore， there is an urgent need to innovate palliative care education strategies. By analyzing the current problems in the general education of palliative care in China， this paper proposed thoughts and suggestions for general and innovative education of palliative care in several aspects， such as establishing general and innovative education systems and evaluation systems of palliative care， diversifying educational contents and methods， strengthening medical staffs training， promoting diversified student groups， and strengthening the popularization of palliative care knowledge among the public.

Objective:To explore the application effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicine nursing based on the individual and family self-management theory (IFSMT) in patients with urinary incontinence after stroke, and provide reference for clinical nurses to effectively rehabilitate these patients.Methods:This was a quasi-experimental study. A total of 136 patients with urinary incontinence after stroke who were hospitalized in the Department of Encephalopathy of Shanxi Acupuncture and Moxibology Hospital from February 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the study objects by convenience sampling method. The subjects were divided into the control group and the experimental group with 68 cases in each group by random number table method. The control group received routine rehabilitation nursing, and the experimental group received integrated Chinese and western medicine nursing based on IFSMT on the basis of routine rehabilitation nursing. Urinary status, activities of daily living and quality of life of 2 groups were compared.Results:Ultimately, there were 68 cases were admitted in each group. In the control group, male 45 cases, female 23 cases, aged (62.35 ± 4.94) years old. In the experimental group, male 49 cases, female 19 cases, aged (61.94 ± 5.02) years old. There was no statistical significance in urinary status, activities of daily living and quality of life scores between the 2 groups before the intervention (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the average daily urination frequency of experimental group was (7.94 ± 1.08) times, which was lower than that of control group (9.88 ± 1.09) times; the average daily frequency of incontinence in the experimental group was (3.63 ± 1.65) times, lower than (5.03 ± 3.35)times in the control group; the average daily urine volume of experimental group was (107.34 ± 4.15) ml, higher than (89.62 ± 19.71) ml of control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=10.46,3.09, -7.23, all P<0.05). The scores of activities of daily living in the experimental group was (60.44 ± 3.65) points, which were higher than (46.24 ± 3.29) points in the control group; the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire score of experimental group was (80.38 ± 4.65) points, which was higher than (64.62 ± 5.62) points of control group; Insomnia Severity Index-Short Form score of the experimental group was (10.94 ± 5.17) points, which was lower than (12.85 ± 4.30) points of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=23.85, -17.86, 2.34, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Integrated Chinese and western medicine nursing intervention based on IFSMT has a positive effect on patients with urinary incontinence after stroke, and can significantly improve patients' urination and daily living activities, thus improving patients' quality of life.

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of maggot for psoriasis-like lesions in mice from the perspective of immune stress and complement activation regulation.Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,maggot(1.25%,2.5%,and 5%)groups,and Benvitimod(1%)group.Psoriasis-like lesions were induced by application of imiquimod cream,and the severity of skin lesions was assessed using the modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(MPASI)score.Auricular swelling of the mice was observed,and histopathological changes of the skin lesions were examined with HE staining.Scratching behavior of the mice was observed and the spleen index was calculated.Toluidine blue staining was used to detect mast cells in the skin lesions,and serum levels of IgG,IgM,the complements CH50,C1s,C3,C3a,C5 and C5a,and the inflammatory factors IL-23,IL-17A and TNF-α were determined with ELISA.Results In mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions,treatment with the maggot at the 3 doses significantly decreased MPASI score,alleviated auricular swelling and pathologies in the skin lesions,reduced scratching behaviors,spleen index,and the number of mast cells in the lesions.Treatment with high-dose maggot significantly lowered serum levels of IgG,C1s,C3a,C5a,IL-23,IL-17A and TNF-α and the levels of C1s,C3,C3a,C5 and C5a in the lesion tissue,and increased serum levels of CH50,C3,and C5.The therapeutic effect of maggot showed a dose-effect dependence.Conclusion Maggot can alleviate psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice by inhibiting immune stress and complement activation.

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of maggot for psoriasis-like lesions in mice from the perspective of immune stress and complement activation regulation.Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,maggot(1.25%,2.5%,and 5%)groups,and Benvitimod(1%)group.Psoriasis-like lesions were induced by application of imiquimod cream,and the severity of skin lesions was assessed using the modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(MPASI)score.Auricular swelling of the mice was observed,and histopathological changes of the skin lesions were examined with HE staining.Scratching behavior of the mice was observed and the spleen index was calculated.Toluidine blue staining was used to detect mast cells in the skin lesions,and serum levels of IgG,IgM,the complements CH50,C1s,C3,C3a,C5 and C5a,and the inflammatory factors IL-23,IL-17A and TNF-α were determined with ELISA.Results In mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions,treatment with the maggot at the 3 doses significantly decreased MPASI score,alleviated auricular swelling and pathologies in the skin lesions,reduced scratching behaviors,spleen index,and the number of mast cells in the lesions.Treatment with high-dose maggot significantly lowered serum levels of IgG,C1s,C3a,C5a,IL-23,IL-17A and TNF-α and the levels of C1s,C3,C3a,C5 and C5a in the lesion tissue,and increased serum levels of CH50,C3,and C5.The therapeutic effect of maggot showed a dose-effect dependence.Conclusion Maggot can alleviate psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice by inhibiting immune stress and complement activation.

L-dopa (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a debilitating complication of dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. The potential contribution of striatal D₂ receptor (D₂R)-positive neurons and downstream circuits in the pathophysiology of LID remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of striatal D₂R⁺ neurons and downstream globus pallidus externa (GPe) neurons in a rat model of LID. Intrastriatal administration of raclopride, a D₂R antagonist, significantly inhibited dyskinetic behavior, while intrastriatal administration of pramipexole, a D₂-like receptor agonist, yielded aggravation of dyskinesia in LID rats. Fiber photometry revealed the overinhibition of striatal D₂R⁺ neurons and hyperactivity of downstream GPe neurons during the dyskinetic phase of LID rats. In contrast, the striatal D₂R⁺ neurons showed intermittent synchronized overactivity in the decay phase of dyskinesia. Consistent with the above findings, optogenetic activation of striatal D₂R⁺ neurons or their projections in the GPe was adequate to suppress most of the dyskinetic behaviors of LID rats. Our data demonstrate that the aberrant activity of striatal D₂R⁺ neurons and downstream GPe neurons is a decisive mechanism mediating dyskinetic symptoms in LID rats.
Rats ; Animals ; Levodopa/toxicity* ; Dopamine ; Parkinsonian Disorders/drug therapy* ; Oxidopamine ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism* ; Antiparkinson Agents/toxicity*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory mechanism of human hepatocyte apoptosis induced by lysosomal membrane protein Sidt2 knockout. METHODS: The Sidt2 knockout (Sidt2^-/-) cell model was constructed in human hepatocyte HL7702 cells using Crispr-Cas9 technology.The protein levels of Sidt2 and key autophagy proteins LC3-II/I and P62 in the cell model were detected using Western blotting, and the formation of autophagosomes was observed with MDC staining.EdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry were performed to observe the effect of Sidt2 knockout on cell proliferation and apoptosis.The effect of chloroquine at the saturating concentration on autophagic flux, proliferation and apoptosis of Sidt2 knockout cells were observed. RESULTS: Sidt2^-/- HL7702 cells were successfully constructed.Sidt2 knockout significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of the cells, causing also increased protein expressions of LC3-II/I and P62(P < 0.05) and increased number of autophagosomes.Autophagy of the cells reached a saturated state following treatment with 50 μmol/L chloroquine, and at this concentration, chloroquine significantly increased the expressions of LC3B and P62 in Sidt2^-/- HL7702 cells. CONCLUSION Sidt2 gene knockout causes dysregulation of the autophagy pathway and induces apoptosis of HL7702 cells, and the latter effect is not mediated by inhibiting the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.
Humans ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Autophagy ; Apoptosis ; Hepatocytes ; Lysosomes/metabolism* ; Chloroquine/pharmacology* ; Nucleotide Transport Proteins/metabolism*

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of a series of posture intervention strategies on correcting abnormal fetal position, so as to provide a basis for Clinical position management and promotion of natural delivery.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. The convenience sampling method was used to select 196 full-term primiparas women with abnormal fetal orientation confirmed by ultrasound as single fetal head position in the Women′s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from March to October 2022 as the research objects. They were divided into control group 106 cases and research group 90 cases by random number table method. The control group received normal nursing and chose comfortable position by themselves during labor. The research group received a series of ultrasound-guided postural intervention strategies for postural management in the first and second stages of labor on the basis of normal nursing. The angle of progression and the midline angle, the fetal orientation, fetal orientation during complete uterine orifice and delivery outcome were compared between the two groups.Results:Finally, 190 cases were included, 105 cases in the control group and 85 cases in the research group. There were 76 vaginal deliveries in the research group and 95 in the control group. The rate of anterior occipital position and the angle of fetal head rotation in the research group were 73.68% (56/76) and 64.55 (37.90, 85.55)°, which were higher than 45.26% (43/95) and 33.00 (14.00, 60.00)° in the control group;the midline angle of the research group was 57.10(38.50, 75.80)°, which was lower than 80.00 (52.50, 90.30)° of the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 14.14, Z = 4.17, - 3.74, all P<0.01). The first stage of labor was 522.50 (413.00, 695.00) minutes and the total stage of labor was 611.00 (488.00, 812.00) minutes in the research group, which was lower than 620.00 (450.00, 795.00) and 700.00 (539.00, 904.00) minutes in the control group ( Z = - 2.34, - 2.03, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of the serial position intervention strategy under the ultrasound guidance during the labor process can improve the abnormal fetal position, shorten the first stage of labor time effectively and safely, while it does not have any significant effect on the improvement of the delivery outcome.

Objective:To explore the asymmetry of neonatal brain white matter using fractional anisotropy (FA) parameter generated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods:From January 2011 to June 2013, 88 neonates with normal cranial MRI performance, aged 1-14 (7.7±0.3) days and gestational age 31-42 (37.5±0.3) weeks, were retrospectively collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University. According to the gestational age at birth, the neonates were divided into preterm group (37 cases) and term group (51 cases). DTI was processed to generate FA parametric maps. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to analyze the asymmetry in neonatal white matter. Regions of interest were placed in bilaterally symmetrical white matter tracts. The white matter tracts included the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract-posterior limb of the inner capsule (CST-IC), corticospinal tract-corona radiata, cingulum hippocampus part (CGH), inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus temporal part (SLF-temp). The FA value was measured and asymmetry index (AI) was calculated. The independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the AI of each tract between the preterm and term groups. Partial correlation was used to analyze the effects of neonatal gestational age and birth anthropometric measures on the asymmetry of neonate at birth. Results:The results of TBSS showed that the left lateralized areas of brain white matter in the neonatal period were mainly located in the corticospinal tract, external capsule and genu of corpus callosum. The right lateralized areas of brain white matter in the neonatal period were mainly located in the optic radiation and splenium of corpus callosum. In both the preterm and term groups, the tracts related to motor (CST-IC) and language function (ILF, SLF, SLF-temp) were left asymmetry. The CGH of the preterm and the term neonates were right asymmetry, and AI was -0.086±0.114 and -0.140±0.108 respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=2.27, P=0.026), while the differences of AI in the remaining tracts were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Only gestational age was correlated with the AI of ILF ( r=0.234, P=0.033), SLF ( r=0.259, P=0.018), SLF-temp ( r=0.252, P=0.022), CST-IC ( r=0.235, P=0.033). No significant correlation was found between birthweight, head circumference, body length and AI. Conclusions:The asymmetries of brain white matter already exist in neonates aged less than two weeks. The tracts associated with motor and language function are predominantly left asymmetry.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features, treatments and prognoses of aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL) in children.Methods:Clinical data and follow-up results were retrospectively reviewed for one hospitalized case of ANKL in June 2019.Through a literature search, the relevant items were retrieved from the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and PubMed using the Chinese and English keywords of "aggressive natural killer cell leukemia" and "children" up to December 2021.Results:This 8-year-old girl was diagnosed with ANKL by flow cytometric immunophenotype and immunohistochemical stain.Fever was the initial manifestation accompanied by sallow complexion, fatigue, enlargement of liver, spleen and lymph node and hematopenia of three lines.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was performed after chemotherapy.As of April 2022, the child stayed in a disease-free survival state after follow-ups for over 2 years.The literature search finally yielded 7 eligible Chinese and 10 English reports with a total of 17 pediatric ANKLs.In this group, there were fever (n=15), rash (n=1), perineal mass (n=1) and diarrhea, vomiting and other digestive tract symptoms (n=1). Six cases were misdiagnosed during an early stage of disease.4 cases received chemotherapy alone, 3 cases received chemotherapy regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 1 child died and one death occurred after received chemotherapy regimen of "cisplatin + vincristine + doxorubicin + ifosfamide". Allo-HSCT was performed in 5 patients after remission with chemotherapy and one child died from multiple organ failure at 9 months after allo-HSCT.Nine cases gave up treatment.Conclusions:ANKL has a rapid disease progression, diverse clinical manifestations, easy misdiagnosis and poor prognosis.For suspected ANKL cases, clinicians perform multiple bone perforations at multiple sites and immunophenotype by flow cytometry as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis.Currently allo-HSCT offers a long-term survival of ANKL patients.