Thymoma is a rare neoplasm associated with a number of autoimmune disorders and tumors. Organizing pneumonia is a reaction of the lung to various injuries. A feature of organizing pneumonia is plugs of granulation tissue within the lumens of small airways, or alveoli. Causes of organizing pneumonia include various disorders and conditions; however, thymoma with organizing pneumonia located in both lungs is very rare. We report a case of resolving organizing pneumonia after thymoma resection. Our case is the first to demonstrate that resolving organizing pneumonia can occur after thymoma resection, as has been speculated by many researchers.
Granulation Tissue ; Lung ; Pneumonia ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Thymoma

It is a great challenge for dentists to do prosthetic restorations of a patient with reduced occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Proper determination of the OVD is significant. An 85-year-old male patient came in with missing right maxillary posterior teeth. After diagnostic wax-up, reversible provisional prostheses were used to evaluate the new OVD in the maxilla and mandible. After that, the patient was evaluated clinically based on the criteria of esthetic, phonetic, and OVD. After 8 weeks, teeth with excessive wear were treated with root canal therapy and fiber post and core and irreversible provisional prostheses were done. After 8 weeks of observation period, final restorations with fixed partial dentures and removable partial dentures were made. Throughout the follow-up period of 6 months, no symptoms related with increased OVD and mechanical complications were observed.
Aged, 80 and over ; Dentists ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Denture, Partial, Removable ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Porphyrins ; Prostheses and Implants ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth ; Vertical Dimension

BACKGROUND: Most lung cancer patients receive systemic chemotherapy at an advanced stage disease. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the main regimen for treating advanced lung cancer. Recently, autophagy has become an important mechanism of cellular adaptation under starvation or cell oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not autophagy can occurred in cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. METHODS: H460 cells were incubated with RPMI 1640 and treated in 5 micrometer or 20 micrometer cisplatin concentrations at specific time intervals. Cells surviving cisplatin treatment were measured and compared using an MTT cell viability assay to cells that underwent apoptosis with autophagy by nuclear staining, apoptotic or autophagic related proteins, and autophagic vacuoles. The development of acidic vascular organelles was using acridine orange staining and fluorescent expression of GFP-LC3 protein in its transfected cells was observed to evaluate autophagy. RESULTS: Lung cancer cells treated with 5 micrometer cisplatin-treated were less sensitive to cell death than 20 micrometer cisplatin-treated cells in a time-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation at 5 micrometer was not detected, even though it was discovered at 20 micrometer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavages were not detected in 5 micrometer within 24 hours. Massive vacuolization in the cytoplasm of 5 micrometer treated cells were observed. Acridine orange stain-positive cells was increased according in time-dependence manner. The autophagosome-incorporated LC3 II protein expression was increased in 5 micrometer treated cells, but was not detected in 20 micrometer treated cells. The expression of GFP-LC3 were increased in 5 micrometer treated cells in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The induction of autophagy occurred in 5 micrometer dose of cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells.
Acridine Orange ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Organelles ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins ; Starvation ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: Most lung cancer patients receive systemic chemotherapy at an advanced stage disease. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the main regimen for treating advanced lung cancer. Recently, autophagy has become an important mechanism of cellular adaptation under starvation or cell oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not autophagy can occurred in cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. METHODS: H460 cells were incubated with RPMI 1640 and treated in 5 micrometer or 20 micrometer cisplatin concentrations at specific time intervals. Cells surviving cisplatin treatment were measured and compared using an MTT cell viability assay to cells that underwent apoptosis with autophagy by nuclear staining, apoptotic or autophagic related proteins, and autophagic vacuoles. The development of acidic vascular organelles was using acridine orange staining and fluorescent expression of GFP-LC3 protein in its transfected cells was observed to evaluate autophagy. RESULTS: Lung cancer cells treated with 5 micrometer cisplatin-treated were less sensitive to cell death than 20 micrometer cisplatin-treated cells in a time-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation at 5 micrometer was not detected, even though it was discovered at 20 micrometer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavages were not detected in 5 micrometer within 24 hours. Massive vacuolization in the cytoplasm of 5 micrometer treated cells were observed. Acridine orange stain-positive cells was increased according in time-dependence manner. The autophagosome-incorporated LC3 II protein expression was increased in 5 micrometer treated cells, but was not detected in 20 micrometer treated cells. The expression of GFP-LC3 were increased in 5 micrometer treated cells in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The induction of autophagy occurred in 5 micrometer dose of cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells.
Acridine Orange ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Organelles ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins ; Starvation ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: Autophagy is an important adaptive mechanism in normal development and in response to changing environmental stimuli in cancer. Previous papers have reported that different types of cancer underwent autophagy to obtain amino acids as energy source of dying cells in nutrient-deprived conditions. However, whether or not autophagy in the process of lung cancer causes death or survival is controversial. Therefore in this study, we investigated whether nutrient deprivation induces autophagy in human H460 lung cancer cells. METHODS: H460, lung cancer cells were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium, and the starved media, which are BME and RPMI media without serum, including 2-deoxyl-D-glucose according to time dependence. To evaluate the viability and find out the mechanism of cell death under nutrient-deprived conditions, the MTT assay and flow cytometry were done and analyzed the apoptotic and autophagic related proteins. It is also measured the development of acidic vascular organelles by acridine orange. RESULTS: The nutrient-deprived cancer cell is relatively sensitive to cell death rather than normal nutrition. Massive cytoplasmic vacuolization was seen under nutrient-deprived conditions. Autophagic vacuoles were visible at approximately 12 h and as time ran out, vacuoles became larger and denser with the increasing number of vacuoles. In addition, the proportion of acridine orange stain-positive cells increased according to time dependence. Localization of GFP-LC3 in cytoplasm and expression of LC-3II and Beclin 1 were increased according to time dependence on nutrient-deprived cells. CONCLUSION: Nutrient deprivation induces cell death through autophagy in H460 lung cancer cells.
Acridine Orange ; Amino Acids ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Cytoplasm ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Malnutrition ; Organelles ; Proteins ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: Biomarkers for cancer have several potential clinical uses, including the following: early cancer detection, monitoring for recurrence prognostication, and risk stratification. However, no biomarker has been shown to have adequate sensitivity and specificity. Many investigators have tried to validate biomarkers for the early detection and recurrence of lung cancer. To evaluate plasma G-CSF as such a biomarker, protein levels were measured and were found to correlate with the clinicopathological features of primary lung tumors. METHODS: Between December 2006 and May 2008, 100 patients with histologically-validated primary lung cancer were enrolled into this study. To serve as controls, 127 healthy volunteers were enrolled into this study. Plasma G-CSF levels were measured in lung cancer patients using the sandwich ELISA system (R & D inc.) prior to treatment. RESULTS: The mean plasma G-CSF levels were 12.2+/-0.3 pg/mL and 46.0+/-3.8 pg/mL (mean+/-SE) in the normal and in the cancer groups, respectively. In addition, plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients with early lung cancer than in healthy volunteers (p<.001). Plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients who were under 65 years old or smokers. Within the cancer group, plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients with non small cell lung cancer than in patients with small cell lung cancer (p<.05). Overall, plasma G-CSF levels were shown to increase dependent upon the type of lung cancer diagnsosed. In the order from highest to lowest, the levels of plasma G-CSF tended to decrease in the following order: large cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Plasma G-CSF levels tended to be higher in patients with advanced TNM stage than in localized TNM stage (I, II Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; Adrenal Glands ; Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Plasma ; Recurrence ; Research Personnel ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the difference in cancer screening with mammography and Papanicolaou smear according to Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: The participants in this study were 5,912 women ages 40 to 69 yr, selected from the Korean Genomic Regional Cohort in Kangwon province. Mammography and Papanicolaou smear were assessed by questionnaire and body weight (kg) and height (m) measured to calculate BMI. RESULTS: The distribution of BMI was as follows: low weight (1.5%), normal weight (31.1%), over weight (24.6%), mildly obese (36.4%) and severely obese (6.3%). After adjusting for age, education and monthly income, compared with normal weight women, overweight women (odds ratio [OR]=1.283, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.089-1.513) and mildly obese women (OR=1.214, 95% CI=1.048-1.406) were less likely to have had mammography. In contrast to mammography, cancer screening with Papanicolaou smear was not significantly different by BMI. CONCLUSION: Obese women in rural areas are less likely to screen for breast cancer by using mammography than non obese women. To ensure regular screening for breast cancer, health care providers need to give scrupulous care to obese women and remove barriers originated from obesity. Also, educational and clinical implications are considered to increase the Papanicolaou smear rate.
Adult ; Aged ; *Body Mass Index ; Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control/*radiography ; Cohort Studies ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; *Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/psychology ; Republic of Korea ; Rural Population ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*pathology/prevention & control ; *Vaginal Smears ; Women's Health

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate any difference in levels of umbilical venous eryhthropoietin (EPO) and nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) preterm neonates at birth and to evaluate the peripartal factors that influence the secretion of the nucleated red blood cells in preterm neonate. METHODS: 43 preterm singleton neonates born at the gestational age between 27 weeks and 37 weeks of gestation from January 1998 to December 2004 were enrolled and divided into 25 cases of AGA and 18 cases of SGA. At each delivery, umbilical venous blood gas values, concentration of EPO by radioimmunoassay and the NRBC count expressed per 100 white blood cell (WBC) were obtained. The placenta were examined microscopically for the presence of pathologic infarct and inflammation. Statistical analysis was done by Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, univariate and multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistical package. RESULTS: The median umbilical venous EPO concentration and fetal hemoglobin level in SGA preterm neonates were 48.0 mIU/mL and 15.7 g/dL, which were significantly higher than those in AGA preterm neonates (12.5 mIU/ML, 14.6 g/dL). The median NRBC in SGA group was 8.0 NRBC/100 WBC which was higher than in the AGA group (2.5 NRBC/100 WBC), showing no significant difference between groups. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified O2 saturation, emergency cesarian section, infarct and inflammation in placental pathology and premature rupture of membranes as independent variables associated with the NRBC count. CONCLUSION: Measurement of the level of EPO and NRBC in umbilical venous blood at birth of the preterm neonates can be used as a helpful index for evaluation of intrauterine hypoxia. In addition, cord blood gas ananlysis and placental examination on the infarct and inflammation are informative value for the elevated NRBC.
Anoxia ; Emergencies ; Erythroblasts ; Erythrocytes ; Erythropoietin ; Fetal Blood ; Fetal Hemoglobin ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Membranes ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rupture

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate any difference in levels of umbilical venous eryhthropoietin (EPO) and nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) preterm neonates at birth and to evaluate the peripartal factors that influence the secretion of the nucleated red blood cells in preterm neonate. METHODS: 43 preterm singleton neonates born at the gestational age between 27 weeks and 37 weeks of gestation from January 1998 to December 2004 were enrolled and divided into 25 cases of AGA and 18 cases of SGA. At each delivery, umbilical venous blood gas values, concentration of EPO by radioimmunoassay and the NRBC count expressed per 100 white blood cell (WBC) were obtained. The placenta were examined microscopically for the presence of pathologic infarct and inflammation. Statistical analysis was done by Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, univariate and multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistical package. RESULTS: The median umbilical venous EPO concentration and fetal hemoglobin level in SGA preterm neonates were 48.0 mIU/mL and 15.7 g/dL, which were significantly higher than those in AGA preterm neonates (12.5 mIU/ML, 14.6 g/dL). The median NRBC in SGA group was 8.0 NRBC/100 WBC which was higher than in the AGA group (2.5 NRBC/100 WBC), showing no significant difference between groups. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified O2 saturation, emergency cesarian section, infarct and inflammation in placental pathology and premature rupture of membranes as independent variables associated with the NRBC count. CONCLUSION: Measurement of the level of EPO and NRBC in umbilical venous blood at birth of the preterm neonates can be used as a helpful index for evaluation of intrauterine hypoxia. In addition, cord blood gas ananlysis and placental examination on the infarct and inflammation are informative value for the elevated NRBC.
Anoxia ; Emergencies ; Erythroblasts ; Erythrocytes ; Erythropoietin ; Fetal Blood ; Fetal Hemoglobin ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Membranes ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rupture

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop an integrated breast health program for prevention and early detection of breast cancer, integrating primary and secondary prevention factors using cognitive-behavioral strategies. METHODS: This methodological study conducted as follows; Selection of components for the program through a literature review, survey to identify women's knowledge and risk perception of breast cancer and diet, and building prototype for the program using discussion based on findings. Using structured questionnaires, interviews were done with 130 women aged 40-59 who lived in a rural area. RESULTS: Primary prevention (diet pattern, knowledge about breast cancer, and risk perception) and secondary prevention (early detection behaviors) factors were identified through the literature review. The survey showed that women lack knowledge and awareness about the risks of breast cancer, and have a low compliance rate for early detection behavior. Based on these results, a program was developed utilizing counseling and models to provide education and practice related to diet, breast cancer, and early detection behaviors. CONCLUSION: Use of this integrated and tailored breast health program with women at risk will contribute to better breast health, but further study is needed to verify the effects.
Aged ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Compliance ; Counseling ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Primary Prevention ; Program Development ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Secondary Prevention