Urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has a higher mortality rate than elective CABG. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of urgent CABG. From July 1992 to May 2005, 104 patients underwent urgent CABG. All patients required an urgent surgical revascularization within 24 hr of diagnostic coronary angiography. In-hospital mortality after urgent CABG was 17.3% (18/104). We compared preoperative characteristics and postoperative clinical outcomes between the survival group (n=86) and the mortality group (n=18). The mean age was 61.7 yr (range, 35-83). The most common cause of mortality was low cardiac output. The independent preoperative risk factors of mortality included advanced age (>70 yr) (OR=3.998, p=0.046), preoperative shock status (OR=6.542, p=0.011), and low ejection fraction (<40%) (OR=4.492, p=0.034). Other risk factors of mortality included prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, prolonged ventilator use, and extended intensive care unit stay. The 10-yr actuarial survival rate was 61%. Although the operative mortality rate was high after urgent CABG, a favorable long-term clinical outcome can be expected if the patients survive.
Treatment Outcome ; Survival Rate ; Survival Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment/*methods ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Korea/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Humans ; Female ; Critical Care/*statistics & numerical data ; Coronary Artery Bypass/*mortality ; Coronary Arteriosclerosis/*mortality/*surgery ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

The aortic inclusion technique is frequently used in the original Bentall's procedure for the control of excessive postoperative bleeding. Although this procedure has improved the outcome of patients with aortic root disease, there is a high incidence of both early and late complications, including coronary artery stenosis, kinking or pseudoaneurysm formation at the coronary suture lines. Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta is a relatively rare, but fatal complication, which occurs after wrap-inclusion composite graft replacement. Herein, the case of a 45-year-old female, who developed a perigraft aortic pseudoaneurysm 10 years after a Bentall's procedure (wrap-inclusion technique), but was successfully managed using the Cabrol's method, is reported.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Aorta ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Sutures ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is occasionally required for emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of patients receiving emergency CABG after failed PTCA. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between May 1988 and May 2005, 5712 patients underwent PTCA, where 84 (1.4%) failed. 27 patients underwent emergency CABG after failed PTCA. The mean age was 63.7+/-8.9 (46~80) years, with 14 male patients (51.9%). RESULT: All patients underwent emergent surgical revascularization within 6 hours. 22 patients underwent conventional CABG and 5 underwent off-pump CABG. The causes of PTCA failure were coronary obstruction due to new thrombi formation during the procedure (n=4), coronary dissection (n=17), coronary artery rupture (n=3) and 3 due to other causes. The rate of in-hospital operative mortality after emergent operation was 18.5% (5/27). A univariate analysis revealed that patients who died more often had left anterior descending artery disease, a preprocedural shock status, postoperative use of multiple isotropics and postoperative use of intra-aortic balloon pump. The mean follow up duration was 53.6+/-63.4 months. CONCLUSION: Although PTCA is known to be life saving, there is still a high risk for morbidity and mortality following emergency CABG after failed PTCA, despite the advancement in PTCA techniques. This result will help identify and more effectively treat patients selected for PTCA when emergency CABG is required.
Angioplasty* ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Arteries ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Emergencies* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Rupture ; Shock

Although cardiac myxoma is rare, it is the most common primary cardiac tumor. Seventy-four cases of cardiac myxoma that were surgically treated in our center between August 1980 and February 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean patient age was 50.4+/-15.0 (range 7-80) years, and 53 patients (71.6%) were female. The most common preoperative symptom, occurring in 44 patients, was dyspnea. The interval from onset of symptoms to surgery was 9 months. Seventy cases were located in the left atrium, 3 in the right atrium and 1 in the right ventricle. The myxoma in the right ventricle could not be resected completely, due to severe infiltration. Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp times were 100.4+/-37.1 and 64.8+/-29.8 minutes, respectively. There were no hospital deaths, and 7 patients suffered from postoperative complications including atrial fibrillation in 2 cases. During the follow up period (mean 105.7+/-73.6 months), there was no tumor recurrence and 6 late deaths that were not related to the underlying tumor. There was no evidence of tumor growth in the cases with incomplete resection during the 14-month follow-up. In conclusion, in this study there was no recurrence of tumors after complete resection and surgical resection is considered to be the curative method of treatment for cardiac myxoma.
Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Complications ; Myxoma/physiopathology/*surgery ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Heart Neoplasms/physiopathology/*surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Female ; Child ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult ; Adolescent

Although cardiac myxoma is rare, it is the most common primary cardiac tumor. Seventy-four cases of cardiac myxoma that were surgically treated in our center between August 1980 and February 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean patient age was 50.4+/-15.0 (range 7-80) years, and 53 patients (71.6%) were female. The most common preoperative symptom, occurring in 44 patients, was dyspnea. The interval from onset of symptoms to surgery was 9 months. Seventy cases were located in the left atrium, 3 in the right atrium and 1 in the right ventricle. The myxoma in the right ventricle could not be resected completely, due to severe infiltration. Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp times were 100.4+/-37.1 and 64.8+/-29.8 minutes, respectively. There were no hospital deaths, and 7 patients suffered from postoperative complications including atrial fibrillation in 2 cases. During the follow up period (mean 105.7+/-73.6 months), there was no tumor recurrence and 6 late deaths that were not related to the underlying tumor. There was no evidence of tumor growth in the cases with incomplete resection during the 14-month follow-up. In conclusion, in this study there was no recurrence of tumors after complete resection and surgical resection is considered to be the curative method of treatment for cardiac myxoma.
Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Complications ; Myxoma/physiopathology/*surgery ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Heart Neoplasms/physiopathology/*surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Female ; Child ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult ; Adolescent

BACKGROUND: There have been controversies whether mitral valvular surgery is necessary in the patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long term clinical results of patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between January 1992 and February 2005, 44 patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Concomitant mitral valvular procedure was performed in 20 patients (group 1) and isolated coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 24 patients (group 2). There were no significant difference between groups except cardiopulmonary bypass time (p<0.01). Postoperative follow up duration was 30.1+/-29.6 months and last follow up echocardiographic examination was performed at 21.2+/-28.0 months. RESULT: There was no difference in operative mortality between groups (group 1 vs group 2, 15.0% vs 8.3%, p=0.493). Grade of mitral regurgitation (0.81+/- 0.91 vs 1.50+/- 0.05, p=0.046) and reduction in regurgitation grade (1.75 +/-0.93 vs 0.70 +/-1.26, p=0.009) were different between two groups. But there were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction (34.1+/-11.4% vs 41.6+/-12.9%), left ventricular end systolic volume (118.2+/-63.9 mL vs 85.6+/-28.1 mL), New York Heart Association functional class (2.1+/-0.2 vs 2.4+/-1.2) and 5 year survival rate (85+/-8% vs 82+/-8%). There was no risk factor for operative mortality and the only risk factor for late death was preoperative atrial fibrillation (p=0.042). There was no significant correlation between mitral valvular surgery and late death. CONCLUSION: Concomitant mitral valvular procedure in patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting had no significant positive effect on survival and ventricular function compared with isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Prospective randomized study may be needed to evaluate the necessity of concomitant mitral procedure and to find more effective method for the improvement of ventricular function.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency* ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Stroke Volume ; Survival Rate ; Ventricular Function

BACKGROUND: There have been controversies whether mitral valvular surgery is necessary in the patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long term clinical results of patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between January 1992 and February 2005, 44 patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Concomitant mitral valvular procedure was performed in 20 patients (group 1) and isolated coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 24 patients (group 2). There were no significant difference between groups except cardiopulmonary bypass time (p<0.01). Postoperative follow up duration was 30.1+/-29.6 months and last follow up echocardiographic examination was performed at 21.2+/-28.0 months. RESULT: There was no difference in operative mortality between groups (group 1 vs group 2, 15.0% vs 8.3%, p=0.493). Grade of mitral regurgitation (0.81+/- 0.91 vs 1.50+/- 0.05, p=0.046) and reduction in regurgitation grade (1.75 +/-0.93 vs 0.70 +/-1.26, p=0.009) were different between two groups. But there were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction (34.1+/-11.4% vs 41.6+/-12.9%), left ventricular end systolic volume (118.2+/-63.9 mL vs 85.6+/-28.1 mL), New York Heart Association functional class (2.1+/-0.2 vs 2.4+/-1.2) and 5 year survival rate (85+/-8% vs 82+/-8%). There was no risk factor for operative mortality and the only risk factor for late death was preoperative atrial fibrillation (p=0.042). There was no significant correlation between mitral valvular surgery and late death. CONCLUSION: Concomitant mitral valvular procedure in patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting had no significant positive effect on survival and ventricular function compared with isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Prospective randomized study may be needed to evaluate the necessity of concomitant mitral procedure and to find more effective method for the improvement of ventricular function.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency* ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Stroke Volume ; Survival Rate ; Ventricular Function