Gualou Niubangtang is a classic formula for eliminating swelling and dispersing lumps， commonly used in the clinical treatment of breast diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. This paper employed bibliometric methods to collect and organize 12 pieces of data from ancient texts related to Gualou Niubangtang， ultimately screening 10 valid references from 10 ancient Chinese medical books. Information regarding the prescription origin， main indications， formulation principles， drug composition， dosages， preparation methods， and decoction techniques was systematically verified. The results indicate that Gualou Niubangtang originates from the Orthodox Manual of External Medicine （Wai Ke Zheng Zong） by Chen Shigong in the Ming Dynasty. The formula consists of 12 Chinese medicines， including Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Arctii Fructus， Gardeniae Fructus， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Trichosanthis Semen， Scutellariae Radix， Trichosanthis Radix， Forsythiae Fructus， Gleditsiae Spina， Bupleuri Radix， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viridm. In terms of drug origins， the dominant radical for Trichosanthis Semen and Trichosanthis Radix is Trichosanthes kirilowii， and the historical dominant radical for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The nine medicines， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Arctii Fructus， Gardeniae Fructus， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， Scutellariae Radix， Forsythiae Fructus， Gleditsiae Spina， Bupleuri Radix， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viridm， are consistent with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The preparation methods involve frying Arctii Fructus， removing the heart from Forsythiae Fructus， while the remaining 10 medicines are used raw. The efficacy includes clearing heat， removing toxins， reducing swelling， and dispersing lumps. Clinically， it is used to treat conditions such as breast carbuncles， breast gangrene， and knot-like swellings and pain. The dosage， converted to modern standards， includes 3.73 g of Trichosanthis Semen， 3.73 g of Trichosanthis Radix， 3.73 g of Arctii Fructus， 3.73 g of Scutellariae Radix， 3.73 g of Gardeniae Fructus， 3.73 g of Forsythiae Fructus， 3.73 g of Gleditsiae Spina， 3.73 g of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， 3.73 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， 3.73 g of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， 1.85 g of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viridm， and 1.85 g of Bupleuri Radix. The preparation is in the form of a decoction， with the 12 medicines added to 400 mL of water and decocted until 160 mL. The liquid is then mixed with 200 mL of yellow wine and taken before meals three times a day. Through the excavation and organization of ancient literature regarding Gualou Niubangtang， key information has been identified to provide a scientific basis for its clinical application and further development.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor.Methods:Two cases of SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from October 2021 to March 2022 were collected. Immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed, and the literature was reviewed.Results:Case 1, a 3-month-old boy presented with a painless tumor of the scalp, measuring about 2 cm in diameter. Case 2, a 3-year-old girl complained with a painless tumor of the knee, measuring approximately 1.5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor had a clear boundary and showed multinodular growth. The tumor was mainly composed of spindle cells arranged in long intersecting fascicles associated with thin, slit-like or branching ectatic vessels, focally forming hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. The tumor cells were abundant, but there was no obvious atypia. Mitotic figures (3-4/10 HPF) were noted. H-caldesmon and SMA were positive in both cases. Case 1 showed diffuse and strong positivity for Desmin, and focally for CKpan. Ki-67 proliferation index was 20% and 30%, respectively. FISH displayed NCOA2 gene translocation in case 1 and the RELA gene translocation in case 2. NGS detected the SRF-NCOA2 gene fusion in case 1 and the SRF-RELA gene fusion in case 2. Both patients underwent local excisions. During the follow-up of 5-14 months, case 1 had no local recurrence, while case 2 developed local recurrence 1 year post operatively.Conclusions:SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor is a novel variant of perivascular cell tumor, which tends to occur in children and adolescents. The tumor forms a broad morphologic spectrum ranging from a pericytic pattern to a myoid pattern, and include hybrid tumors with a mixture of pericytic and myoid patterns. Due to its diffuse hypercellularity and increased mitotic figures and smooth muscle-like immunophenotype, the tumor is easy to be misdiagnosed as myogenic sarcomas. The tumor usually pursues a benign clinical course and rare cases may locally recur.

Objective To investigate the expression of Nanog and its regulatory relationship with MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods We detected Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 protein expressions in 127 ESCC tissues and 82 adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry and explored their correlations with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the patients.GEO database was utilized to analyze the pathways enriched with the stemness-related molecules including Nanog,and TIMER online tool was used to analyze the correlations among TβR1,MMP-2,and MMP-9 in esophageal cancer.Results Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins were significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and positively intercorrelated.Their expression levels were closely correlated with infiltration depth and lymph node metastasis of ESCC but not with age,gender,or tumor differentiation.The patients with high expressions of Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 had significantly shorter survival time.Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of stemness-associated molecules in the TGF-β signaling pathway,and the expressions of MMP-2/MMP-9 and TβR1 were positively correlated.In cultured ESCC cells,Nanog knockdown significantly decreased the expression of TβR1,p-Smad2/3,MMP-2,and MMP-9 and strongly inhibited cell migration.Conclusion The high expressions of Nanog,MMP-2,and MMP-9,which are positively correlated,are closely related with invasion depth,lymph node metastasis,and prognosis of ESCC.Nanog regulates the expressions of MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins through the TGF-β signaling pathway,and its high expression promotes migration of ESCC cells.

Objective We aimed to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods A total of 65 subjects with mild to moderate AD who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into the Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule group (40 cases) and the Donepezil Hydrochloride group (25 cases) for a 6-month treatment. The primary outcome measures included the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) score and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) score. Secondary outcome measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),Activities of Daily Living (ADL),Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT),Trail Making Test (TMT),Verbal Fluency Test (VFT),Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT),Digital Span Test (DST),Clock Drawing Test (CDT),and Boston Naming Test (BNT) scores,as well as clinical biochemical indicators including blood lipids,blood glucose,liver and kidney function. Results Compared with the Donepezil Hydrochloride group after treatment,subjects in the Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule group showed an increase in ADAS-Cog and AVLT-total scores,and a decrease in MMSE,Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Copy Test,and CDT scores (P<0.05). Additionally,there was an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels,and a decrease in indirect bilirubin (IBIL) levels (P<0.05).Conclusion Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule exerts a regulatory effect on cognitive function in subjects with AD,especially in the cognitive domains of episodic memory and visual-spatial processing ability. It also improves certain clinical indicators such as ALT,BUN,TBIL,and IBIL. This suggests that the early intervention with Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule in AD can effectively improve symptoms,delay disease progression,and fully embody the concept of traditional Chinese medicine's preventive approach to illness.

Objective To investigate the expression of Nanog and its regulatory relationship with MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods We detected Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 protein expressions in 127 ESCC tissues and 82 adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry and explored their correlations with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the patients.GEO database was utilized to analyze the pathways enriched with the stemness-related molecules including Nanog,and TIMER online tool was used to analyze the correlations among TβR1,MMP-2,and MMP-9 in esophageal cancer.Results Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins were significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and positively intercorrelated.Their expression levels were closely correlated with infiltration depth and lymph node metastasis of ESCC but not with age,gender,or tumor differentiation.The patients with high expressions of Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 had significantly shorter survival time.Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of stemness-associated molecules in the TGF-β signaling pathway,and the expressions of MMP-2/MMP-9 and TβR1 were positively correlated.In cultured ESCC cells,Nanog knockdown significantly decreased the expression of TβR1,p-Smad2/3,MMP-2,and MMP-9 and strongly inhibited cell migration.Conclusion The high expressions of Nanog,MMP-2,and MMP-9,which are positively correlated,are closely related with invasion depth,lymph node metastasis,and prognosis of ESCC.Nanog regulates the expressions of MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins through the TGF-β signaling pathway,and its high expression promotes migration of ESCC cells.

Cancer genomics has led to the discovery of numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that play critical roles in cancer development and progression.Oncogenes promote cell growth and proliferation,whereas tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell growth and division.The dysregulation of these genes can lead to the development of cancer.Recent studies have focused on non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including circular RNA(circRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),and microRNA(miRNA),as therapeutic targets for cancer.In this article,we discuss the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes of ncRNAs associated with different types of cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets.Here,we highlight the mechanisms of action of these genes and their clinical applications in cancer treatment.Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and identifying specific therapeutic targets are essential steps towards the development of effective cancer treatments.

Pituitary adenoma is the third most common primary central nervous system tumor in adults.Radiomics can explore and analyze massive quantitative features in medical images,and has been used in the precise diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas.The research progresses of MRI radiomics in pituitary adenoma were reviewed in this article.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults and is poorly controlled. Previous studies have shown that both macrophages and angiogenesis play significant roles in GBM progression, and co-targeting of CSF1R and VEGFR is likely to be an effective strategy for GBM treatment. Therefore, this study developed a novel and selective inhibitor of CSF1R and VEGFR, SYHA1813, possessing potent antitumor activity against GBM. SYHA1813 inhibited VEGFR and CSF1R kinase activities with high potency and selectivity and thus blocked the cell viability of HUVECs and macrophages and exhibited anti-angiogenetic effects both in vitro and in vivo. SYHA1813 also displayed potent in vivo antitumor activity against GBM in immune-competent and immune-deficient mouse models, including temozolomide (TMZ) insensitive tumors. Notably, SYHA1813 could penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and prolong the survival time of mice bearing intracranial GBM xenografts. Moreover, SYHA1813 treatment resulted in a synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with the PD-1 antibody. As a clinical proof of concept, SYHA1813 achieved confirmed responses in patients with recurrent GBM in an ongoing first-in-human phase I trial. The data of this study support the rationale for an ongoing phase I clinical study (ChiCTR2100045380).

Objective To study the mechanism of ferulic acid(FA)on hepatic fibrosis(HF)based on network pharmacology,and establish an in vitro model of rat hepatic stellate Cell-T6(HSC-T6)according to the results.Methods The potential targets of FA were screened through PubChem,swisstargetprediction and pharmmapper,and overlapped with the FA targets screened in disgenet,genecards and OMIM.Then,protein protein interaction(PPI)was analyzed by using string platform.Gene ontology(go)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were carried out for key targets by using R64 4.0.3,and the"component target disease"network diagram was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.Based on this,the proliferation of HSC-T6 was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method,and the grouping was determined:blank group and low-dose group(100 μg·mL-1 FA),medium dose group(200 μg·mL-1 FA),high dose group(400 μg·mL-1 FA)and positive control group(200 μg·mL-1 colchicine),the migration ability of HSC-T6 was detected by scratch test,and the content of HSC-T6 was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)α-Alpha smooth muscle actin,α-Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of HSC-T6 cycle,quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the relative expression of JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA,and Western Blot was used to detect the molecular expression of JAK2 and STAT3 protein.Results 254 intersection targets of FA and HF were obtained.The core targets were signal transducer and activvator of Transcription(STAT3),albumin(ALB),protein kinase B(AKT1),tumor suppressor protein p53(TP53),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and caspase-3(CASP3).KEGG analysis showed that the action pathway of FA on HF mainly involved phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT)Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)and other pathways.The experimental results showed that in CCK-8 experiment,scratch experiment and ELISA experiment,compared with the blank group,the cell proliferation rate,migration ability and the expression of α-SMA protein decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group,the cycle arrest rate of low,medium and high dose groups and positive control group increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group,the molecular weight and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 protein in low,medium and high dose groups and positive control group decreased gradually(P<0.05).Conclusion FA has the characteristics of multi-channel and multi-target.FA may inhibit the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cell(HSC)by down regulating JAK2 and STAT3 targets.

Objective Construct a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system for clinical specialties of tradi-tional Chinese medicine in Shandong Province to provide a scientific basis for improving the service capacity of clini-cal specia lties of traditional Chinese medicine.Methods Based on relevant policies and literature research,the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi expert consultation method were used to determine the index system and its weight,and 509 clinical specialties of traditional Chinese medicine capacity levels of 178 medical institutions in Shandong Province were evaluated.Results A scientific and effective evaluation index system for clinical specialty capacity of traditional Chinese medicine in Shandong Province was constructed,with 23 secondary indicators in 5 dimen-sions.It comprehensively evaluats the service capacity and management level of orthopedics and traumatology de-partments of traditional Chinese medicine class hospitals in Shandong Province,uses orthopedics and traumatology as an example.Conclusion Driven by the dynamic monitoring of the evaluation index system,improve the service ca-pacity for clinical specialties of traditional Chinese medicine,guide it to strengthen the internal construction of tradi-tional Chinese medicine,and give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine characteristics.Increase the support for clinical specialties of traditional Chinese medicine in Shandong Province,and then promote the high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine.