The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway plays a central role in cells'ability to sense the presence of abnormal double-stranded DNA within the cytoplasm.Modulation of the function of the cytoplasmic DNA recognition receptor cGAS allows regulation of this signaling pathway.In recent years,research has identified protein post-translational modifications(PTMs),including phosphorylation,acetylation,ubiquitination,methylation,and SUMOylation,as having significant roles in regulating innate immune signaling pathways.This paper reviews how PTMs influence the function of cGAS and its downstream signaling pathways through various mechanisms.

Natamycin is a polyene macrolide antibiotics with strong and broad spectrum antifungal activity. It not only effectively inhibits the growth and reproduction of fungi, but also prevents the formation of some mycotoxins. Consequently, it has been approved for use as an antifungal food preservative in most countries, and is also widely used in agriculture and healthcare. Streptomyces natalensis and Streptomyces chatanoogensis are the main producers of natamycin. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism of natamycin, as well as the strategies for improving natamycin production. Moreover, the future perspectives on natamycin research are discussed.
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology* ; Fungi ; Natamycin ; Streptomyces

OBJECTIVE：To estab lish the evaluation criteria for repeated usage of TCM decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine，and to provide reference for prescription comment. METHODS ：By modified Delphi method ，15 experts of TCM were selected，who had plenty of clinical experience. The questionnaire data and expert opinion were collected and summarized to establish related evaluation index system with two rounds of questionnaire survey. RESULTS ：In this two-rounded survey ，experts’ positive coefficients were 100％；authority coefficient were 0.711 and 0.752；reliability of questionaire were 0.830 and 0.926； coordination degree of experts were 0.579（P＜0.01）and 0.721（P＜0.01），respectively. The evaluation criteria for cross-using and repeated usage of TCM decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine ，which contained 4 first-level items （component repetition，function and indication repetition ，tumor repetition and others ）and 10 second-level items ，were established finally. CONCLUSIONS：Established criteria are with well expert ’s positive coefficient and high authority ，and good reliability of questionnaire. The evaluation criteria for repeated usage of TCM decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine is formulated preliminarily.

Objective To investigate the clinical,electroencephalogram (EEG) and genetic features of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) in the Chinese population.Methods Clinical examination,EEG recording,mutation screenings in transmembrane domains 1-3 of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α4 (CHRNA4),β2 (CHRNB2) and α2 (CHRNA2) using PCR amplification and sequencing were carried out on 6 patients and some members in 3 families with NFLE.Results Among 6 patients (5 male) with NFLE,the mean age was (20.5±11.5) years and the mean age at onset was (7.3±5.5) years.Clinical features included seizures of dystonic posturing in 2 patients and seizures of hyperkinetic movements in 4 patients with the maximum frequency of 6 seizures within one night.The ictal and interictal video-EEG (VEEG) of frontal lobes showed epileptic discharges,slow wave activity,normal activity or electrode artifacts.There weren' t abnormity in other clinical examination and neuroimagings.No mutations were identified in the genes screened.Conclusion NFLE is a heterogenetic epilepsy syndrome.