Objective:To investigate the detection status and genotypes distribution characteristics of norovirus(NoV)in environmental sewage from three monitoring points in Fujian province, and to explore the significance of its application to NoV monitoring.Methods:Sewage samples were collected monthly at 5 sampling sites in representative monitoring cities, enriched and concentrated. Partial gene fragments of norovirus VP1 were amplified by reverse transcription-semi nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-snPCR), TA cloned and sequenced. Genotypes were identified based on the sequencing.Results:A total of 56 sewage samples were collected from July 2022 to June 2023. The detection rates of GⅠ and GⅡ were 89.29% (50/56) and 94.64% (53/56), respectively. A total of 7 NoV GⅠ genotypes and 13 GⅡgenotypes were identified. GⅠ.1, GⅠ.4, GⅡ.4 and GⅡ.17 were the dominant genotypes. NoV genotypes detected in different sampling sites were not exactly the same. The detection rate of NoV was low from August to November 2022, and the prevalence of the dominant genotypes was different in different seasons. GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 were highly prevalent from August to November 2022, but were replaced by GⅠ.4 and GⅡ.17 from December 2022 to June 2023, respectively. More NoV genotypes were detected in January-June 2023, comparing to the July-December 2022. The dominant genotype GII.17, has multiple clades and new variants have been discovered that are different from the 2014/2015 circulating strains.Conclusions:The detection rates of NoV in environmental sewage were very high, and genotypes were diverse. Environmental sewage surveillance could be an important complementary method for NoV cases surveillance.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets in the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).Methods:A multicenter nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 282 acute NAION patients (282 eyes) were recruited from 16 hospitals in China from July 2020 to May 2021.Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment methods, which were control group (124 cases, 124 eyes) receiving regular treatment including citicoline sodium plus Ginkgo biloba leaf liquid extract or Ginkgo biloba leaf extract tablets plus mecobalamin, and experimental group (158 cases, 158 eyes) receiving treatment in control group plus oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets 1 mg, twice daily for 2 to 3 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field index (VFI), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC) were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after enrollment using the standard decimal visual acuity chart, 750i Humphery visual field analyzer, Cirrus HD-OCT 4000/Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, RTVue-XR optical coherence tomography respectively.The primary outcomes were BCVA and VFI, and the secondary outcomes were pRNFL, RPC, and the side effects during the follow-up.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.All patients were fully informed about the treatment and purpose of this study and voluntarily signed the informed consent form.The study protocol was approved by Chinese PLA General Hospital (No.S2020-021-01). Results:In all, 242 patients (242 eyes) completed the follow-up of BCVA, and 98 patients (98 eyes) completed the VFI follow-up.In terms of visual function, BCVA and VFI improved significantly over time in the two groups, and BCVA and VFI were better in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). In terms of structure, pRNFL gradually decreased in both groups with the extension of treatment, and pRNFL was significanthy thinner in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in RPC between the two groups at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). There were two cases with side effects and one case was discontinued due to side effects 25 days after enrollment. Conclusions:Oral anisodine hydrobromide can improve visual acuity and visual field in NAION and accelerate the regression of optic disc edema, with good safety.

Objective:To observe the multimodal imaging features of retinal diseases associated with COVID-19.Methods:A retrospective case study. Sixteen patients (30 eyes) of retinal diseases associated with COVID-19 admitted to the Ophthalmology Department of the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou in December 2022 were included in the study. There were 5 males and 11 females, with the mean age of (26.69±9.88) years; 14 patients were bilateral and 2 patients were unilateral. The time of ocular symptoms after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was (2.63±0.89) days. All patients underwent the examinations of best corrtected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus color photography (FP), infrared fundus photography (IR), optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) was performed in 2 patients (4 eyes). There were 20 eyes with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), including 6 eyes with cotton wool spots; 10 eyes with Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR). The BCVA of the patients was 0.1-1.0. No obvious abnormality was found in anterior segment examination. The features of FP, IR and OCT were analyzed retrospectively.Results:In 20 eyes of AMN, irregular reddish brown lesions in the central or paracentral area of the macula in 14 eyes; FP showed no obvious abnormality in 6 eyes; IR showed irregular map like low reflection in the central or paracentral area of macular in all eyes; OCT showed hyperreflectivity in outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer, hyporeflectivity in the ellipsoid zone and photoreceptor layers in all eyes; no abnormal fluorecence was observed in 2 eyes examined by FFA. In 10 eyes with PLR, cotton wool spots and retinal hemorrhage were observed in the posterior pole and/or peripapillary area, and the peripheral retina was generally normal, Purtscher spot was found in 5 eyes and macular edema in 4 eyes; OCT showed strong reflex signal in neuroepithelial layers, edema in neuroepithelial layers in 6 eyes; in the 2 eyes examined by FFA, fluorescein leakage from the retinal vein wall was observed, the posterior pole and peripapillary area retinal arteriole occlusions showed patchy hypofluorescence, the fluorescence was obscured by retinal hemorrhage below at inferior retina.Conclusions:For AMN associated with COVID-19, IR can show the lesion contour, OCT shows lesions in the outer retina. PLR associated with COVID-19 are usually at the posterior pole and/or peripapillary area in FP, OCT shows neurocortical edema.

Accurate and efficient methods for identifying and tracking each animal in a group are needed to study complex behaviors and social interactions. Traditional tracking methods (e.g., marking each animal with dye or surgically implanting microchips) can be invasive and may have an impact on the social behavior being measured. To overcome these shortcomings, video-based methods for tracking unmarked animals, such as fruit flies and zebrafish, have been developed. However, tracking individual mice in a group remains a challenging problem because of their flexible body and complicated interaction patterns. In this study, we report the development of a multi-object tracker for mice that uses the Faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) deep learning algorithm with geometric transformations in combination with multi-camera/multi-image fusion technology. The system successfully tracked every individual in groups of unmarked mice and was applied to investigate chasing behavior. The proposed system constitutes a step forward in the noninvasive tracking of individual mice engaged in social behavior.
Animals ; Mice ; Deep Learning ; Zebrafish ; Algorithms ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Social Behavior

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Chongqing.Methods:From March to November 2018, according to the requirements of the "Technical Plan for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring in Chongqing in 2018", in all 39 counties (districts) of the city, each county (district) was divided into 5 sampling areas according to the orientation of east, west, south, north and middle. One township/street was selected from each area, one primary school was selected from each township/street, and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 (age balanced, half male and half female) were selected from each primary school. At the same time, 20 pregnant women (balanced in early, middle and late pregnancy) were selected from each township/street. Household edible salt and random urine samples from children and pregnant women were collected to detect the contents of salt iodine and urinary iodine. Children from 13 counties (districts) were selected for thyroid examination, and the goiter rate of children was calculated.Results:Totally 7 973 and 3 927 household edible salt samples from children and pregnant women were tested, respectively. The median salt iodine was 26.20 mg/kg, the coverage rates of iodized salt were 99.07% (7 899/7 973) and 99.57% (3 910/3 927), the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 93.72% (7 472/7 973) and 95.03% (3 732/3 927), respectively. Totally 7 973 and 3 927 urine samples from children and pregnant women were tested, respectively. The medians urinary iodine were 228.60 and 186.30 μg/L, respectively. Among the 39 monitored counties (districts), there were no county (district) with iodine deficiency in children, and 4 counties (districts) had iodine deficiency in pregnant women. A total of 2 656 children were examined, and the goiter rate was 1.73% (46/2 656).Conclusions:In 2018, children aged 8 - 10 in Chongqing are generally at the appropriate level of iodine, and the goiter rate conforms to the national standard (< 5%). Pregnant women are generally at the appropriate level of iodine, however, pregnant women in some counties (districts) are at risk of iodine deficiency.

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder characterized by pancreatic and bone marrow abnormalities with frequent liver involvement.Patients with SDS display aminotransaminase elevation and hepatomegaly in their early childhood. For most of the patients, the syptoms tend to improve as they grow. However, a number of the children with progress into cirrhosis even liver failure, and the prognosis is poor.This paper summarizes advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and treatment of hepatopathy in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of predicting TP53 mutation risk by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) pattern of P53 in Chinese diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its correlation with a prognostic difference.Methods:Between January 2021 and December 2021, 51 DLBCL cases at Beijing Boren Hospital were gathered. These cases had both IHC and next-generation sequencing (NGS) results. IHC classified the P53 protein expression pattern into a loss (<1% ) , diffuse (>80% ) , and heterogeneous (1% -80% ) . The sensitivity and specificity of the predicting TP53 mutation by IHC were assessed by comparing the results of the NGS, and the TP53 high mutation risk group included both loss and diffuse expression of P53. From June 2016 to September 2019, Peking University Cancer Hospital collected 131 DLBCL cases with thorough clinicopathological and follow-up data. From their tumor blocks, tissue microarray blocks were made for IHC evaluation of P53 expression pattern, and prognosis effect of P53 studies.Results:Among 51 cases with both IHC and NGS results, 23 cases were classified as TP53 high mutation risk (7 cases loss and 16 cases diffuse) , 22/23 cases were proved with mutated TP53 by NGS. Only 1 of the 28 cases classified as TP53 low mutation risk was proved with mutated TP53 by NGS. IHC had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.7% and 96.4% for predicting TP53 mutation. NGS identified a total of 26 TP53 mutations with a mutation frequency of 61.57% (13.41% -86.25% ) . In the diffuse group, 16 missense mutations and 2 splice mutations were detected; 6 truncating mutations and 1 splice mutation were detected in the loss group; 1 truncating mutation was detected in the heterogeneous group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TP53 cases with high mutation risk have impartial adverse significance for the 131 patients included in survival analysis ( HR=2.612, 95% CI 1.145-5.956, P=0.022) . Conclusion:IHC of P53 exhibiting loss (<1% ) or diffuse (>80% ) pattern indicated TP53 high mutation risk, IHC can predict TP53 mutation with high specificity and sensitivity. TP53 high mutation risk is an independent predictor for adverse survival.

Objective:To investigate the clinical phenotype and genotype of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia (HTGTI).Methods:The clinical data of two HTGTI children, diagnosed at Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from July 2019 to January 2020, were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The literature up to 25th January 2020 were searched in PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases with the key words of "hypertriglyceridemia" and "glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase-1 (GPD1)".Results:Two children, including a 5-month-old female and a 13-month-old male, who presented with hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, transaminase elevation and hepatic steatosis, were admitted to the hospital. Gene detection found compound heterozygous variation of GPD1. After a low-fat diet with enriched medium-chain fatty acids, their plasma triglyceride level were significantly decreased, and finally normalized in case 2. Literature review found 17 patients with GPD1 gene variation reported in 5 papers, including 16 HTGTI cases and one case of different phenotype. Most of the cases presented with hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia and transaminase elevation, while some had developmental retardation, splenomegaly, hypoglycemia, obesity and insulin resistance. The c.361-1G>C was the most common variation of GPD1.Conclusions:HTGTI caused by GPD1 deficiency is mainly manifested with hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, transaminase elevation as well as hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The most common variation of GPD1 is c.361-1G>C.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of diethyl phthalate by gas chromatography in the air of workplaces. Methods: Diethyl phthalate in the air of workplace was collected throμgh glass fiber filter, eluted with methylbenzene, and detected by gas chromatography coupled with FID detectors. Results: The linear range of diethyl phthalate determined by this method was 14.0~1 400 μg/ml, y=2.09801x-3.66229, and the coefficient correlation was 0.999 99. The detection limit was 1.10 μg/ml, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.18mg/m³ (collected sample volume was 30 L) . The within-run precisions were 1.04%~2.75%, and the between-run precisions were 0.34%~1.30%. The recovery rates were 98.72%~103.21%, and sampling efficiency was 97.2%~100.0%. The elution efficiencies were 97.25%~98.68%. The samples could be stored at room temperature for 15 days. Conclusion The indicators established in this study were conformed with the requirements of GBZ/T210.4-2008, "The Guidelines for the Development of Occupational Hygiene Standards Methods Part 4: Determination of Chemical Substances in the Air of Workplaces" . Diethyl phthalate in the workplace air could be rapidly collected, accurate separated and determinated. This method is applicable to the determination of diethyl phthalate in the workplace air.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for detecting triphenyl phosphate( TPP) in the workplace air by gas chromatography. METHODS: TPP in the air of workplace was collected with glass fiber filter paper,desorbed with ether,separated by HP-5 gas chromatographic column,and detected by flame photometric detector. RESULTS: This method has good linear range of 12. 50-800. 00 mg/L,with the correlation coefficient of 0. 999 9. The detection limit was 0. 78 mg/L,and the minimum detectable concentration was 0. 09 mg/m3(sample volume was 45 L). Desorption efficiency was 97. 2%-99. 4%; standard recovery rate was 99. 5%-100. 3%. The within-run relative standard deviation( RSD) was 2. 7%-3. 4%and the between-run RSD was 1. 4%-3. 2%. The sampling efficiency was 99. 6%-100. 0%. The samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 14 days. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate and highly sensitive for detecting TPP in workplace air.