Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swal-lowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evalua-tion and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of ex-perts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evalua-tion and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Objective:To study the relationship between adult fluoride exposure and grip strength in rural areas of China with fluorosis, as well as the roles of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body fat percentage (BFP) in the association between fluoride exposure and grip strength.Methods:From April to May 2017, a cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and biological sample collection on residents aged 18 - 60 in Tongxu County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province (epidemic areas of drinking-water-borne fluorosis). A total of 1 168 subjects were included in the study, including 427 males and 741 females. The fluoride ion selective electrode method and the picric acid method were used to determine the concentrations of urine fluoride and urine creatinine, and the adjusted urine fluoride concentration (CUF) was calculated. BMR and BFP were measured by a bioelectrical impendence method, and the grip strength was measured by a Jamar grip dynamometer. The relationship between CUF, BMR, BFP and grip strength were analyzed using a generalized linear model regression. The mediation effect model was used to assess the mediating effect of BMR and BFP on the association between CUF and grip strength.Results:Female grip strength decreased by 0.28 kg ( P = 0.043) for every 1.00 mg/L increment in CUF. No similar association was found between the two in males ( P = 0.744). Regardless of gender stratification, BMR was positively correlated with grip strength ( P < 0.001). For every 1.00% increase in BFP, female grip strength decreased by 0.18 kg ( P = 0.043). The mediation effect model analysis results showed that the mediation effect ratios of BMR and BFP in the association between CUF and grip strength in female were 65.1% ( P < 0.001) and 8.4% ( P = 0.111), respectively. Conclusion:Fluoride exposure is associated with changes in female grip strength, and BMR changes play a partial mediating role in the association between fluoride exposure and female grip strength.

AIM To explore the effects of Shiquan Dabu Decoction on the synaptic function and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease(AD).METHODS Sixty mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the memantine group(5 mg/kg)and the high,medium and low dose Shiquan Dabu Decoction groups(6.24,3.12 and 1.56 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group.Except for those of the control group,the mice of other groups underwent their 70-day AD models induction by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and gavage feeding of AlCl3,followed by 42-day corresponding dosing of drugs by gavage on the 29th day.The mice had their spatial learning and associative memory detected by Morris water maze test and conditioned fear test;their morphological changes of hippocampal neurons observed by HE staining;their serum SOD activity,MDA level,and SOD,AChE activities and MDA,ACh,TNF-α and IL-1β levels in hippocampus detected by kits;and their PSD-95,Shank3,NR1,NR2A,NR2B,AMPK and p-AMPK protein expressions in hippocampus detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the high-dose Shiquan Dabu Decoction group displayed improved spatial learning and memory ability and associative memory(P<0.05,P<0.01);reduced pathological damage of hippocampal neurons,decreased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation(P<0.05,P<0.01);enhanced cholinergic transmission(P<0.05,P<0.01),and increased protein expressions of PSD-95,Shank3,NR1,NR2A,NR2B,and p-AMPK in hippocampal tissue(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Shiquan Dabu Decoction can improve the cognitive impairment of in the mouse model of AD,and its mechanism may be related to AMPK activation and synaptic function restoration.

This study analyzed the characteristics of 118 738 seasonal migrants who were aged 65 and under management by the Health Statistics Center of Hainan Health Commission.Our study revealed that approximately 51.6％of elderly seasonal migrants were male,with around 75.2％aged below 75 years.Elderly seasonal migrants originating from the Northeast region constituted roughly 36.3％of the total,and the majority of them settled in Haikou,Chengmai and Dongfang(each representing over 10％of the total).Of the nine prevalent health conditions surveyed,about 27.6％of the elderly seasonal migrants suffered at least one condition.Haikou,Wanning,Qionghai,and Dongfang received more than 3 000 elderly seasonal migrants with health issues.Considering the availability of healthcare resources,there exists a negative correlation between the distribution of elderly seasonal migrants and the hospitalization service load of doctors in various destination areas.This study recommends Hainan Province further improving the seasonal migrants dynamic survey system,scientifically arranging healthcare resources and services,and systematically enhancing the health service experience of the seasonal migrants.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylmethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopropylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosodianiline and N-nitrosopiperidine) in the air of workplace by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) .Methods:From January to August 2023, eight N-nitrosamines in the air of workplace were collected by ThermoSorb/N column, eluted with 4 ml methanol-dichloromethane (1∶1 volume ratio), separated by VF-624 ms capillary column, detected by multiple reaction monitoring mode and quantified by external standard method. The detection limit and precision of the method were also analyzed.Results:The linear range of the method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines was 1.0-20.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.9993-0.9999, the detection limit was 0.051-0.132 μg/L, and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.030-0.078 μg/m 3 (calculated by collecting 22.5 L of air sample and eluting with 4.0 ml stripping liquid). The within-run precisions were 2.05%-6.89% and the between-run precisions were 2.41%-8.26%. The desorption rates were 67.20%-102.60%. The sample can be kept at least 7 days at 4 ℃. Conclusion:GC-MS/MS method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air has high sensitivity and good precision, and can accurately determine the content of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylmethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopropylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosodianiline and N-nitrosopiperidine) in the air of workplace by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) .Methods:From January to August 2023, eight N-nitrosamines in the air of workplace were collected by ThermoSorb/N column, eluted with 4 ml methanol-dichloromethane (1∶1 volume ratio), separated by VF-624 ms capillary column, detected by multiple reaction monitoring mode and quantified by external standard method. The detection limit and precision of the method were also analyzed.Results:The linear range of the method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines was 1.0-20.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.9993-0.9999, the detection limit was 0.051-0.132 μg/L, and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.030-0.078 μg/m 3 (calculated by collecting 22.5 L of air sample and eluting with 4.0 ml stripping liquid). The within-run precisions were 2.05%-6.89% and the between-run precisions were 2.41%-8.26%. The desorption rates were 67.20%-102.60%. The sample can be kept at least 7 days at 4 ℃. Conclusion:GC-MS/MS method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air has high sensitivity and good precision, and can accurately determine the content of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air.