Objective To understand the application of skin disinfectant in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)nationwide.Methods From April to May 2023,application of skin disinfectant in 93 NICUs nationwide was sur-veyed with convenience sampling method by a self-designed questionnaire.Questionnaire contents included types of disinfectant,disinfection tools,cleaning and disinfection frequency,disinfectant drying status,removal of disinfec-tant,and adverse reactions caused by disinfectant.Results A total of 93 nursing units in 71 medical institutions from 25 provinces/municipalities were included in this study.In NICUs,three most commonly used disinfectants were ethanol(79.57％),iodophor(74.19％),and anerdian(62.37％).In nursing units for neonates＜2 months of age,chlorhexidine was prohibited in 28 units(30.11％),used with caution in 23 units(24.73％),allowed in 9 units(9.68％),and there was no unified requirement in 33 units(35.48％).When using ethanol,staff only wiped once in 13(17.57％)nursing units.In some nursing units,there was no unified requirements on the wiping fre-quency of disinfectant.As for the removal of residual iodine,saline was used in 29(42.03％)nursing units,ethanol in 8(11.59％),and 19(27.54％)did not have unified requirements.The adverse reactions of disinfectant mainly included rash and contact dermatitis.Disinfectants that caused adverse reactions included ethanol,iodophor,aner-dian,and chlorhexidine.Conclusion In clinical practice,unified standards for the use of neonatal skin disinfectant remain absent.Selection and use of neonatal skin disinfectant vary considerably.Neonatal skin disinfectants have common adverse reactions.It is necessary to strengthen the training of health care workers on the standardized use of disinfectant,as well as carry out large-scale and rigorous randomized controlled trial designs to provide scientific basis for the correct selection of disinfectant.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of perioperative ischemic stroke in non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical surgeries and its correlation with preoperative risk assessment of cerebrovascular events,so as to guide perioperative risk management.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 40 patients aged≥18 years who underwent non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical surgeries and experienced perioperative ischemic stroke in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 2015 to January 2022,forming the stroke group.A control group of 160 patients without perioperative ischemic stroke was selected in a 1:4 case-control ratio,matched for gender,age,date of operation,and the surgeon.Clinical data and preoperative risk assessment of cerebrovascular events(including the single or combined application of head CT/MRI,transcranial Doppler ultrasound,carotid ultrasound,and neurological consultation)of the two groups of patients were collected and statistically analyzed.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with perioperative ischemic stroke.Results The incidence of perioperative ischemic stroke was 0.042%.Multiple logistic analysis results showed that hypertension(OR=7.858,95%CI 2.175-28.388,P=0.002),hyperlipidemia(OR=4.457,95%CI 1.320-15.049,P=0.016),renal insufficiency(OR=8.277,95%CI 1.480-46.282,P=0.016),and intraoperative hypotension(OR=3.862,95%CI 1.211-12.317,P=0.022)were independent risk factors for perioperative ischemic stroke in non-cardiac and non-neurological surgeries;preoperative cerebrovascular risk assessment(OR=0.130,95%CI 0.031-0.542,P=0.005)was a protective factor against it.Conclusions The incidence of perioperative ischemic stroke in non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical surgery is low but has a poor prognosis.Hypertension,hyperlipidemia,renal insufficiency,and postoperative hypotension are risk factors for perioperative ischemic stroke,while preoperative cerebrovascular event risk assessment is beneficial to reducing its incidence.

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism and distribution characteristics of RhD negative phenotypes in Han population of blood donors in Wuhu city.Methods:A total of 210 RhD-samples from August 2021 to August 2022 were screened by serological test and collected from Wuhu Central Blood Station for the voluntary blood donor population.Exons 1 and 10 of the RHD gene were amplificated by PCR to determine whether the samples had the RHD gene.Exons 1-10 of the RHD gene were amplificated by PCR and zygosity analysis were performed in 82 samples containing D gene,and Sanger sequencing was performed on 55 samples containing all RHD exons to determine the genotype.Results:Among 210 RhD-specimens,128 cases(60.38％)had RHD gene deletion.27 cases had partial exons of RHD,including 2 cases with RHD*DVI.3/RHD*01N.01,24 cases with RHD*01N.04/RHD*01N.01,and 1 case with RHD-CE(2-10)/RHD*01N.01.55 cases had retained all of 10 exons,including 4 cases with RHD*01/RHD*01N.01,6 cases with RHD*15/RHD*01N.01,1 case with RHD*01W.72/RHD*01N.01,1 case with RHD*15/RHD*01EL.01,39 cases with RHD*01EL.01/RHD*01N.01,and the remaining 4 cases were determined to have no RHD gene deletion by zygosity analysis and sequencing showed the presence of 1227G＞A mutation loci.Conclusion:There is polymorphism in the molecular mechanism of RhD-D gene in Wuhu blood donor population,among which RHD*01EL.01 and RHD*15 are the main variants in this region.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for RhD blood group identification and clinical blood transfusion in this region.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive instrument for evaluating and ranking clinical practice guidelines, named Scientific, Transparent and Applicable Rankings tool (STAR), and test its reliability, validity, and usability. METHODS: This study set up a multidisciplinary working group including guideline methodologists, statisticians, journal editors, clinicians, and other experts. Scoping review, Delphi methods, and hierarchical analysis were used to develop the STAR tool. We evaluated the instrument's intrinsic and interrater reliability, content and criterion validity, and usability. RESULTS: STAR contained 39 items grouped into 11 domains. The mean intrinsic reliability of the domains, indicated by Cronbach's α coefficient, was 0.588 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.414, 0.762). Interrater reliability as assessed with Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.774 (95% CI: 0.740, 0.807) for methodological evaluators and 0.618 (95% CI: 0.587, 0.648) for clinical evaluators. The overall content validity index was 0.905. Pearson's r correlation for criterion validity was 0.885 (95% CI: 0.804, 0.932). The mean usability score of the items was 4.6 and the median time spent to evaluate each guideline was 20 min. CONCLUSION The instrument performed well in terms of reliability, validity, and efficiency, and can be used for comprehensively evaluating and ranking guidelines.
Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Humans

Aim To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of L-Shikonin ( SK ) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced RAW 264. 7 macrophages in vitro and its protective effect on LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury. Methods The mouse model of acute liver in¬jury was established in vivo experiments by LPS/D- GalN. The survival rate of the mice and the changes of liver and spleen indices in each group were examined. The levels of AST, ALT and AKP in serum and NO, superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue homogenate were measured, and the histopathological sections of the liver of each group were observed by H&E staining. M I T colorimet- ric assay was used for cell viability in vitro experi¬ments, Griess method for the detection of NO content, RT-PCR assay and Western blot assay for examining the effect of levulinic acid on the expression levels of mRNA and related pathway proteins of pro-inflammato¬ry factors in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. Results The results of in vivo experiments showed that L-SK significantly improved the liver and spleen indices, de¬creased AST, ALT and AKP levels in serum, de¬creased NO and MDA in liver homogenate, and in¬creased SOD activity in mice with acute liver injury. The results of in vitro experiments showed that L-SK significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of INOS, COX2, I FN-(3 and pro-inflammatory factors 1L-6, TNF-a and IL-10 in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells, and significantly inhibited the protein expression of IN¬OS, COX2 and the NF-kB signaling pathway. Conclu¬sions L-SK has good anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264. 7 cells in vitro. Il inhibits the protein expression of phosphorylated P65 and IKKaαβ in the NF-kB signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and L- Shikonin has protective effects against acute liver injury in mice.

There is still a serious challenge of the measurement of critical quality attributes (CQAs) related to clinical efficacy for Chinese materia medica manufacturing. To overcome this challenge, an integrated strategy of biosensor and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was proposed using Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills as a trial. Firstly, an original biosensor was created using a semiconductor chip material high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) as the transducer and the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as the identification element. By this MIF-HEMT biosensor, the efficacy on stoke of different components from Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills was measured. It was clear that all three components of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills had strong therapeutic effects on stroke, especially the section A, the K_D of which reached to 8.722×10^-10 g·mL^-1. Furthermore, MIF-HEMT biosensor integrated UPLC-MS/MS was introduced to identify the efficacy CQAs of different components of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills. As a result, 19 potential CQAs, such as albiforin, paeoniflorin, and prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, were measured as the efficacy CQAs of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills on stroke treatment by MIF. These results provided vital measurement techniques and methodological guidance for the CQAs study of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills intervention in MIF-induced stroke treatment. This also provided an essential guideline for the efficient utilization and quality control measurement of high-quality classical recipes.

To identify the bitter compounds of real-world Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid sugar-free intermediates, an integrated strategy has been developed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSⁿ) method and BitterX database prediction. The chromatographic operating conditions were as follows, chromatographic column: Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈ (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid-water solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution. The data were collected in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The accurate molecular mass and structural information of the target compounds were obtained based on quasi-molecular ions and fragmentation ions provided by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The compounds were identified by combining retention time, reference substances, reports, and other relevant data, and a total of 57 constituents including flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids were finally identified. Further, the BitterX database was used to predict binding probability of compounds to bitter receptors and identify potential bitter critical quality attributes, finally 33 potential bitter compounds, including kukoamine A and linarin, were predicted. This study comprehensively characterized the material basis of Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid sugar-free intermediates, it provides an effective method for bitter compound screening and a reference for further improving the undesirable taste of Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid.

Objective:To study the impact of different scattering correction algorithms in the reconstruction of PET/CT images on image artifacts and the precision of quantitative parameters.Methods:The phantom as described in the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU2 standard was filled with 18F. The background activity was fixed, and the activity of the solution in the spheres was adjusted to obtain several configurations, including the normal ratio group (4.08∶1) and the extreme ratio group (200∶1). The surface contamination group with the same ratio as the extreme ratio group contained a small radioactive source with different doses of 18F (74, 37, 3.7 and 0.37 MBq) placed at the surface of the phantom. PET/CT images of 30 patients (21 males, 9 females, age: (44.5±10.2) years) from Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute between July 2012 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 10 with normal images ( 18F-FDG) and 20 with abnormal images (10 with dislocation during acquisition, 10 with surface contamination). The images were reconstructed with relative and absolute scattering correction. The phantom was evaluated using the target to background ratio (TBR) and the artifact classification. CV as well as the artifact classification were used to compare the clinical image quality. Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze data. Results:In the normal ratio group and the extreme ratio group, the TBRs of phantom images reconstructed with relative correction were significantly higher than those with absolute correction (normal ratio group: 3.30(1.94, 4.53) vs 2.72(1.56, 3.56); z=-2.20, P=0.028; extreme ratio group: 105.47(45.62, 162.82) vs 101.36(43.96, 155.57); z=-1.99, P=0.046). In the surface contamination group, with the increase of the activity of the small source, the artifact became more obvious, and the artifact classification score of absolute correction was significantly better than that of relative correction (1.5(1.0, 2.0) vs 2.5(2.0, 3.0); z=-2.00, P=0.046). In the 10 normal 18F-FDG PET/CT patients, the CVliver of the relative correction (9.67%(8.00%, 11.00%)) was significantly lower than that of absolute correction (11.00%(9.00%, 12.00%); z=-2.57, P=0.010), indicating the higher image quality of images with relative correction. In abnormal images, the image quality of absolute correction was significantly higher than that of relative correction with fewer and less severe artifacts (dislocation cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019; surface contamination cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019). Conclusions:The relative scattering correction is suitable for normal situations in clinical PET acquisition. However, with dislocation or surface contamination, the absolute scattering correction helps to reduce the artifacts and improve the image quality.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continuously divide and fuse. In recent years, in addition to the studies related to mitochondrial metabolism, the unique dynamics of mitochondria have gradually attracted researchers' attention. A growing body of research has revealed that mitochondrial dynamics are related to the biological behavior of tumor cells. Mitochondrial fission proteins (mitochondrial fission protein 1, FIS1) mediate the assembly of mitochondrial fission complexes and participate in the execution of mitochondrial fission. They are important proteins in the process of mitochondrial fusion and fission. However, few studies have revealed the expression and role of FIS1 in human cervical cancer. In this study, the expression level of FIS1 in human cervical cancer tissues and paracancer tissues were compared. The results showed that the level of FIS1 mRNA in human cervical cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in paracancer tissues (P<0. 01). Further KEGG pathway and GO Term-BP pathway analysis showed that the differential genes are mainly related to mitochondrial biological functions. Subsequently, HeLa cells with overexpressed FIS1 were investigated for their proliferation, migration, mitochondrial fission and ROS levels. The experimental results showed that FIS1 overexpression decreased HeLa cell proliferation and migration ability, enhanced mitochondrial fission and higher ROS levels. In conclusion, the expression of FIS1 in human cervical cancer cells was attenuated, while overexpression of FIS1 resulted in a series of abnormal biological functions in human cervical cancer cells. Further studies can be carried out to investigate the role of FIS1 in the treatment of human cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanistic basis for the attenuation of bone degeneration by edible bird's nest (EBN) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Forty-two female Sprage-Dawley rats were randomized into 7 groups (6 in each group). The ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX + 6%, 3%, and 1.5% EBN and OVX +estrogen groups were given standard rat chow alone, standard rat chow +6%, 3%, and 1.5% EBN, or standard rat chow +estrogen therapy (0.2mg/kg per day), respectively. The sham-operation group was surgically opened without removing the ovaries. The control group did not have any surgical intervention. After 12 weeks of intervention, blood samples were taken for serum estrogen, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin, as well as the measurement of magnesium, calcium abd zinc concentrations. While femurs were removed from the surrounding muscles to measure bone mass density using the X-ray edge detection technique, then collected for histology and estrogen receptor (ER) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Ovariectomy altered serum estrogen levels resulting in increased food intake and weight gain, while estrogen and EBN supplementation attenuated these changes. Ovariectomy also reduced bone ER expression and density, and the production of osteopcalcin and osteorotegerin, which are important pro-osteoplastic hormones that promote bone mineraliztion and density. Conversely, estrogen and EBN increased serum estrogen levels leading to increased bone ER expression, pro-osteoplastic hormone production and bone density (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION EBN could be used as a safe alternative to hormone replacement therapys for managing menopausal complications like bone degeneration.