Background/Aims: The World Health Organization set the goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030, with 80% and 65% reductions in HCV incidence and mortality rates, respectively. We aimed to evaluate the health benefits, cost-effectiveness and return on investment (ROI) of HCV elimination. Methods: Using an HCV transmission compartmental model, we evaluated the benefits and costs of different strategies combining screening and treatment for Chinese populations. We identified strategies to achieve HCV elimination and calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for 2022–2030 to identify the optimal elimination strategy. Furthermore, we estimated the ROI by 2050 by comparing the required investment with the economic productivity gains from reduced HCV incidence and deaths. Results: The strategy that results in the most significant health benefits involves conducting annual primary screening at a rate of 14%, re-screening people who inject drugs annually and the general population every five years, and treating 95% of those diagnosed (P14-R4-T95), preventing approximately 5.75 and 0.44 million HCV infections and deaths, respectively, during 2022–2030. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $12,615, the P14-R4-T95 strategy is the most cost-effective, with an ICER of $5,449/DALY. By 2050, this strategy would have a net benefit of $120,997 million (ROI=0.868). Conclusions Achieving HCV elimination in China by 2030 will require significant investment in large-scale universal screening and treatment, but it will yield substantial health and economic benefits and is cost-effective.

Background/Aims: The World Health Organization set the goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030, with 80% and 65% reductions in HCV incidence and mortality rates, respectively. We aimed to evaluate the health benefits, cost-effectiveness and return on investment (ROI) of HCV elimination. Methods: Using an HCV transmission compartmental model, we evaluated the benefits and costs of different strategies combining screening and treatment for Chinese populations. We identified strategies to achieve HCV elimination and calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for 2022–2030 to identify the optimal elimination strategy. Furthermore, we estimated the ROI by 2050 by comparing the required investment with the economic productivity gains from reduced HCV incidence and deaths. Results: The strategy that results in the most significant health benefits involves conducting annual primary screening at a rate of 14%, re-screening people who inject drugs annually and the general population every five years, and treating 95% of those diagnosed (P14-R4-T95), preventing approximately 5.75 and 0.44 million HCV infections and deaths, respectively, during 2022–2030. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $12,615, the P14-R4-T95 strategy is the most cost-effective, with an ICER of $5,449/DALY. By 2050, this strategy would have a net benefit of $120,997 million (ROI=0.868). Conclusions Achieving HCV elimination in China by 2030 will require significant investment in large-scale universal screening and treatment, but it will yield substantial health and economic benefits and is cost-effective.

Background/Aims: The World Health Organization set the goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030, with 80% and 65% reductions in HCV incidence and mortality rates, respectively. We aimed to evaluate the health benefits, cost-effectiveness and return on investment (ROI) of HCV elimination. Methods: Using an HCV transmission compartmental model, we evaluated the benefits and costs of different strategies combining screening and treatment for Chinese populations. We identified strategies to achieve HCV elimination and calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for 2022–2030 to identify the optimal elimination strategy. Furthermore, we estimated the ROI by 2050 by comparing the required investment with the economic productivity gains from reduced HCV incidence and deaths. Results: The strategy that results in the most significant health benefits involves conducting annual primary screening at a rate of 14%, re-screening people who inject drugs annually and the general population every five years, and treating 95% of those diagnosed (P14-R4-T95), preventing approximately 5.75 and 0.44 million HCV infections and deaths, respectively, during 2022–2030. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $12,615, the P14-R4-T95 strategy is the most cost-effective, with an ICER of $5,449/DALY. By 2050, this strategy would have a net benefit of $120,997 million (ROI=0.868). Conclusions Achieving HCV elimination in China by 2030 will require significant investment in large-scale universal screening and treatment, but it will yield substantial health and economic benefits and is cost-effective.

Objective:To investigate the endorectal ultrasound findings in rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (R-NEN) and to compare the diagnostic performance of ERUS and MRI for T staging of R-NENs.Methods:The imaging features of 77 confirmed R-NEN cases with different pathological grades in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from August 2015 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and the abilities of ERUS and MRI for T staging of R-NENs were compared.Results:A total of 77 R-NEN patients underwent preoperative ERUS examinations and detected lesions in 62 patients with a detection rate of 80.52%. Among them, 30 cases underwent simultaneous MRI examinations, and detected lesions in 25 cases with a detection rate of 83.33%, without statistical difference between MRI and ERUS ( P>0.05). R-NEN exhibited hypoechoic nodules with rich blood flow in the submucosa on ERUS. Grade G1 and G2 tumors generally had sizes less than 10 mm, clear boundaries, and regular shapes, while G3 was typically large, irregular, poorly defined, and more likely to invade the musculi propria and serous layer. G3 demonstrated a more profound infiltration level, a less defined border, and a larger diameter than G1 and G2, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). For T staging, the accuracy of ERUS was 86.67%, and that of MRI was 94.67%, with no statistical difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:ERUS is effective for detecting R-NEN lesions and useful for tumor grading with comparable performance to MRI, and should be recommended for preoperative evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors.

Arsenic compounds are widely used for the therapeutic intervention of multiple diseases.Ancient pharmacologists discovered the medicinal utility of these highly toxic substances,and modern phar-macologists have further recognized the specific active ingredients in human diseases.In particular,Arsenic trioxide(ATO),as a main component,has therapeutic effects on various tumors(including leukemia,hepatocellular carcinoma,lung cancer,etc.).However,its toxicity limits its efficacy,and con-trolling the toxicity has been an important issue.Interestingly,recent evidence has pointed out the pivotal roles of arsenic compounds in phase separation and membraneless organelles formation,which may determine their toxicity and therapeutic efficacy.Here,we summarize the arsenic compounds-regulating phase separation and membraneless organelles formation.We further hypothesize their potential involvement in the therapy and toxicity of arsenic compounds,highlighting potential mecha-nisms underlying the clinical application of arsenic compounds.

Objective To explore the pain catastrophizing (PC) level of pain in patients with multiple fractures and its influencing factors. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to investigate 156 patients with multiple fractures in the orthopedic trauma department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The questionnaire included a general information survey, a Digital Pain Rating Scale, PC scale, Positive and Negative Emotion Scale, and Social Rating Scale. Results The average PC score of patients with multiple fractures was (23.22±12.05), with 27 patients (17.20%) reaching the PC level. The average score of the Digital Pain Rating Scale was (6.30±1.49), the score of the Positive Emotion Scale was (27.92±6.06), the score of the Negative Emotion Scale was (23.18±7.00), and the total score of the Social Rating Scale was (27.90±4.61). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that pain score, negative emotion level, and social support level had predictive effects in PC among patients with multiple fractures. Conclusion The incidence of PC among patients with multiple fractures is at a moderate to high level. Patients with high pain scores, high negative emotion scores, and low social support are more likely to develop PC.

Ureaplasma is an opportunistic pathogen with a high population carrying rate.Maternal ureaplasma infection is related to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth etc.Ureaplasma infection in neonates can cause central nervous system inflammation and eventually lead to poor nervous system prognosis.Although the incidence of invasive central nervous system infection in newborns is low, due to the presence of immune escape in the body, atypical clinical manifestations after ureaplasma infection, and insensitivity to routine detection methods, the central ureaplasma infection in newborns is often unable to diagnose and treat properly in time, so it can easily lead to delayed treatment, which can lead to serious complications.This review aimed to explain the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of central nervous system inflammation caused by ureaplasma infection, and share diagnosis methods, as well as successful treatment experience in related cases, so as to provide the basis for early diagnosis and reasonable treatment, thereby reducing the occurrence of adverse neurological outcomes caused by ureaplasma infection.

OBJECTIVE To stu dy the effects of different processing me thods on the contents of the pharmacodynamic index components in Citrus aurantium and their antioxidant activity. METHODS According to the general principles of 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （volume Ⅳ） and the relevant processing methods in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province ，the samples of C. aurantium were prepared by steaming with water ，boiling with water ，stir-frying with vinegar ，stir-frying with wine ，stir-frying with bran ，processing with bran and processing with honey. The contents of moisture and ash in different products of C. aurantium were detected. The contents of naringin and neohesperidin in different products of C. aurantium were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of different products was investigated by DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging experiments and the total reducing power test. RESULTS The contents of moisture ，ash，naringin and neohesperidin were in line with the relevant requirements in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province . The content of naringin in descending order was as follow ： unprocessed sample ＞sample processed with honey ＞sample processed with bran ＞sample boiled with water ＞sample stir-fried with vinegar＞sample stir-fried with wine ＞sample stir-fried with bran ＞sample steamed with water. The content of neohesperidin in descending order was as follow ：unprocessed sample ＞sample boiled with water ＞sample processed with bran ＞sample processed with honey ＞sample stir-fried with vinegar ＞sample steamed with water ＞sample stir-fried with wine ＞sample stir-fried with bran. The samples after boiling with water ，processing with bran ，and stir-fried with bran had better DPPH radicals scavenging ability （IC50 were 7.49，8.37 and 10.22 mg/mL，respectively）. The samples after boiling with water ，steaming with water ，and processed with bran had better ABTS + radicals scavenging ability （IC50 were 1.76，2.03 and 2.72 mg/mL，respectively）. In addition ， compared with sample stir-fried with wine and processed with 发。E-mail：wanglu1286@163.com honey，unprocessed sample and other processed products of C.aurantium had bet ter total reducing ability. CONCLUSIONS After processing ，the contents of the main pharmacodynamic index components in C. aurantium have been reduced ，but they were also in line with the relevant requirements in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province . The antioxidant ability of some processed products has been enhanced.

Objective:To explore the disturbance of metal element balance in mice after exposure to radon.Methods:Mice were randomly divided into control group, radon exposure of 30 WLM group, 60 WLM group and 120 WLM groups, with 10 mice in each group. After radon exposure with the cumulative dose, the lung function of mice was detected by a non-invasive pulmonary function testing instrument. Mice blood was taken from eyeballs. The lungs, heart, liver, kidney and spleen were also collected. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the content of metal elements, including essential trace elements in the body: chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and potentially toxic elements: arsenic (As), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and silver (Ag).Results:Compared with the control group, lung ventilation function of the radon-exposed mice was decreased, alveolar structure was destroyed, and the contents of pulmonary metal elements Cr, Al, Pb, Sn( F=0.34, 0.66, 3.14, 1.16, P<0.05) and essential trace elements Mn, Cr, Zn, and Mo in the blood were decreased( F=0.65, 1.44, 0.97, 2.08, P<0.05), while the elements of Cu, Mo, Se and As in the lungs were increased( F=1.31, 1.26, 0.81, 2.04, P<0.05), and the element contents in other tissues also fluctuated. Conclusions:Inhalation of a certain cumulative dose of radon can reduce the lung ventilation function of mice and induce lung inflammation, as well reduce the content of essential trace elements in the lung and blood so that the content of metal elements in the body fluctuates.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have emerged as promising targets for anticancer therapy. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated the biological activity of 66 pyrazolo[3,4-