Objective:To elucidate the etiological and epidemiological characteristics and epidemiological patterns of viral acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Shanghai during 2023, with the aim of providing robust laboratory evidence for effective prevention and control strategies against related respiratory diseases and facilitating risk assessment.Methods:Respiratory pathogens were detected in the clinical surveillance specimens submitted by sentinel hospitals through multiplex PCR, as part of the multi-pathogen surveillance of acute respiratory infections in Shanghai during 2023. The obtained detection result were statistically analyzed in conjunction with sample information.Results:The positive detection rate of viral pathogens in 2023 was 21.17% (984/4 648), with rates of 33.53% (504/1 503) observed in ILI cases and 15.62% (480/3 145) in SARI cases. Influenza A virus (FluA) was the predominant virus detected, accounting for 13.7% (637/4 648). Other viruses identified in the surveillance samples included influenza B virus (Flu B), human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/HEV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV) and human bocavirus (HBoV). Regarding temporal distribution, HRV/HEV and RSV exhibited the highest detection rates during the second quarter at 2.27% each (28/1 236). PIV had its peak during the third quarter at a rate of 2.49% (35/1 405), and HMPV showed prevalence mainly during the third and fourth quarters, with detection rates of 2.63% (37/1 405) and 2.35% (32/1 360), respectively.Conclusions:In acute respiratory infection surveillance cases in Shanghai in 2023, Flu A emerged as the predominant respiratory pathogen. The detection rate of HMPV ranked second only to Flu A, while other respiratory viruses such as HRV/HEV, RSV, and PIV were detected during different seasons and co-circulated. The prevalence of various respiratory viruses varied among different infected populations and over times.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of child cases admitted to accidental injury and provide reliable basis for the prevention of accidental injury.Methods:The clinical data of children admitted to Hunan Children′s Hospital aged 0-18 due to accidental injuries from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The type of accidental injury and characteristic factors such as prognosis, gender, age, time, and location of the child were analyzed.Results:A total of 9 049 children with accidental injury were admitted, accounting for 3.72%(9 049/33 697) of the total number of hospitalized children. The top three types of accidental injuries were falls/drop (3 695 cases), foreign bodies/suffocation (2 639 cases) and traffic accidents (1 165 cases), accounting for 82.87%(7 499/9 049). There were 8 760 cases (96.81%) of improvement and recovery, 178 cases (1.97%) of disability, and 111 cases (1.23%) of unhealed/dead. Among the accidental injuries, 5 833 cases (64.46%) were boys and 3 216 cases (35.54%) were girls, and the incidence ratio was 1.81∶1. There was significant difference between boys and girls in the composition ratio of the type of accidental injury such as falls/falls, foreign bodies/suffocation, poisoning, sharp object injury, drowning ( χ2 values were 3.90-20.56, all P<0.05). Among the accidental injuries, the children aged 1 to<3 years had higher accidental injuries than the other age groups (3 263 cases, accounting for 36.06%), and the composition ratio of accidental injuries in different age groups was different ( χ2 values were 12.98-573.97, all P<0.05). Among the accidental injuries, the accidental injuries occurred in the second quarter and the third quarter were higher than those in the other two quarters (4 892 cases, accounting for 54.06%), and the composition ratio of accidental injuries such as falls/falls, foreign bodies/suffocation, burn and scald, drowning occurred in different quarters was different ( χ2 values were 10.79-18.88, all P<0.05). In the case of accidental injuries, the family was the most likely place of accidental injury, with different types of accidental injuries occurring in different places ( χ2 values were 10.08-2 186.54, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Children′s unintentional injuries are most likely to occur in boys aged 1-<3 years, and fall/fall is the main injury type. Traffic accidents are the most important unintentional injury type leading to children′s unhealed/dead. Different injury types were related to child gender, age, quarter, and place of occurrence.Due to the differences in the occurrence mechanism and injury mode of accidental injuries in different countries and regions, and the majority of accidental injuries can be prevented, targeted preventive measures should be taken according to the characteristics of children′s accidental injuries in different regions, and a comprehensive prevention system for children′s accidental injuries should be constructed to ensure children′s safety.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes in early gastric antrum contraction in patients with craniocerebral injury. Methods The patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July to November in 2018 were enrolled. The changes in antral contraction frequency (ACF), antral contraction amplitude (ACA) and antral motility index (MI) were dynamically observed at 1-6 days after injury by ultrasonography. According to Glasgow coma score (GCS), the patients were divided into moderate to severe craniocerebral (GCS ≤ 11) and mild craniocerebral injury groups (GCS > 11). The differences in ACF, ACA and MI between the two groups were compared to observe the effect of craniocerebral injury on gastric antral motility. The patients were divided into simple supratentorial and supratentorial combined infratentorial lesion groups according to the lesion location of craniocerebral injury. The differences in ACF, ACA and MI between the two groups were compared to analyze the influence of lesion location on gastric antrum activity. Results A total of 68 patients with craniocerebral injury were screened during the study period, 50 patients were in accorded with the admission criteria, 17 patients were withdrawn from the observation because they could not tolerate the ultrasonography of gastric antrum or discharged from ICU. Finally, 33 patients were enrolled in the analysis. ① The ACF, ACA and MI at 1 day after injury were lower [ACF (times/min): 1.67 (0.00, 2.00), ACA: 42.06 (0.00, 44.45)%, MI: 0.70 (0.00, 0.87)], and then gradually increased, till 6 days after injury, ACF was 1.83 (1.25, 2.79) times/min, ACA was 56.80 (33.25, 60.77)%, and MI was 0.89 (0.50, 1.70), which showed no differences among all time points (all P > 0.05). ② The contractile function of gastric antrum in two groups of patients with different degrees of craniocerebral injury was decreased, especially ACA in patients with moderate to severe craniocerebral injury (n = 22), which showed significant differences at 3 days and 5 days after injury as compared with mild craniocerebral injury [n = 11; 3 days: 35.05 (0.00, 53.69)% vs. 58.51 (49.90, 65.45)%, 5 days: 39.88 (0.00, 77.01)% vs. 56.94 (41.71, 66.66)%, both P < 0.05], indicating that the degree of craniocerebral injury affected the contractive function of gastric antrum. However, there was no significant difference in ACF or MI between the two groups at different time points after injury. ③ The contractile function of gastric antrum was decreased after craniocerebral injury in both groups of patients with different lesion locations of craniocerebral injury. The ACF, ACA, and MI at 3-4 days in patients with supratentorial combined infratentorial lesion (n = 12) were slightly lower than those in patients with simple supratentorial lesion [n = 21; 3 days: ACF (times/min) was 0.83 (0.00, 2.00) vs. 2.25 (0.00, 3.00), ACA was 35.05 (0.00, 53.60)% vs. 49.93 (0.00, 63.44)%, MI was 0.29 (0.00, 1.07) vs. 1.23 (0.00, 1.61); 4 days: ACF (times/min) was 1.42 (0.50, 2.63) vs. 2.00 (1.63, 2.63), ACA was 30.45 (21.69, 60.61)% vs. 43.29 (38.41, 53.35)%, MI was 0.50 (0.15, 1.45) vs. 0.97 (0.66, 1.28)] without statistical differences (all P > 0.05), indicating that the lesion location might not affect the contractive function of gastric antrum. Conclusion In the early stage of craniocerebral injury, the contractile function of gastric antrum was decreased, and the more severe the craniocerebral injury, the worse contractive function of gastric antrum.[Key words] Craniocerebral injury; Antral contraction; Enteral nutrition; Antral ultrasonography

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma oxidative stress factors levels and organ damage parameters as well as prognosis in patients with sepsis. Methods A case-control study was conducted. Twenty-five patients admitted to surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March to December in 2016 and diagnosed as sepsis were enrolled as study subjects. Another 15 patients without sepsis admitted to surgical ICU in the same period were enrolled as controls. General demographic data, main diagnoses, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score within 24 hours, clinical laboratory indicators [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), white blood count (WBC)] and oxidative stress indicators [superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO)] as well as length of ICU stay, total hospital stay and 28-day mortality were recorded. Spearman or Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between oxidative stress indicators and organ damage indicators as well as prognosis in patients with sepsis. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of oxidative stress indicators for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Results The length of ICU stay in sepsis group was significantly longer than that in non-sepsis group [days: 7.0 (5.5, 11.0) vs. 4.0 (1.0, 11.0), P < 0.05], and AST, BUN, CRP, PCT, plasma MDA and NO levels were significantly higher than those in non-sepsis group [AST (U/L): 50.76±19.53 vs. 28.53±14.02, BUN (mmol/L): 9.99±5.26 vs. 6.97±4.32, CRP (mg/L): 109.28±42.79 vs. 60.33±46.68, PCT (μg/L): 5.4 (0.3, 24.0) vs. 0.6 (0.1, 1.5), MDA (ng/L): 488.31±76.68 vs. 399.30±50.23, NO (ng/L): 5.08±0.89 vs. 4.42±0.88, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in gender, age, APACHEⅡ score, total hospital stay, 28-day mortality, ALT, SCr, WBC or plasma SOD activity between the two groups. The correlation analysis between oxidative stress parameters and organ damage parameters as well as prognosis in patients with sepsis showed that MDA and NO were positively correlated with SCr (r value was 0.426 and 0.431, respectively, both P < 0.05), and there was a positive correlation between MDA and NO (r = 0.990, P < 0.01); plasma SOD activity was negatively correlated with 28-day mortality (r = -0.468, P < 0.05), while MDA and NO levels were positively correlated with 28-day mortality (r value was 0.598 and 0.611, respectively, both P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that plasma SOD, MDA and NO levels had a good independent predictive effect on 28-day mortality, the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.816±0.087, 0.904±0.078 and 0.912±0.071, and the best cut-off value was 40.76% (sensitivity 68.4%, specificity 100%), 487.93 ng/L (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 89.5%) and 5.31 ng/L (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 89.5%), respectively. Conclusions The plasma levels of oxidative stress factors in patients with sepsis are significantly increased, which is closely related to organ damage and poor prognosis. The plasma SOD, MDA and NO levels can be used as independent bio-marker to predict the 28-day mortality of patients with sepsis.

Objective To investigate the effects of human dendritic cells ( DCs) infected by bovine Mycobacterium tuberculosis attenuated live bacteria ( BCG) on differentiation of CD4 +naive T cells from neonate cord blood .Methods After infected with BCG , human DCs were cultured with CD 4 +naive T cells from neonate cord blood, the expression of miRNA-99b in DCs and the expression of Foxp3, ROR-γt, IFN-γand IL-10 mRNAs in CD4+ T cells were detected by qRT-PCR.DCs were transfected with miRNA-99b antisense oligonucleotides and co-cultured with neonatal cord blood CD 4 +naive T cells , and the transcription level of CD4 +T cell-related genes was detected .SPSS 15.0 was used to analyze the data .Results The transcriptional activity of miRNA-99b gene in BCG-infected DCs was significantly higher than that in uninfected DCs (t=7.06,P<0.01).Compared with CD4 +T cells co-cultured with uninfected DCs, the mRNA expression of IFN-γ(45.61 ±4.46 vs.3.54 ±1.73, t=32.32, P<0.01), IL-10 (4.17 ±1.06 vs.1.26 ±0.67, t=2.24, P<0.05) in CD4 +T cells co-cultured with BCG-infected DCs was significantly increased, while the mRNA expression of ROR-γt was significantly decreased ( 0.08 ±0.02 vs.0.63 ± 0.10, t=0.42, P<0.01).Compared with CD4 +T cells co-cultured with DCs transfected with NC-siRNA, the miRNA-99b expression was blocked , the mRNA expression of Foxp3 (0.12 ±0.01 vs.1.57 ±0.90, t=1.06, P<0.05), IFN-γ(0.03 ±0.01 vs.0.64 ±0.35, t =0.44, P<0.05), IL-10(0.03 ±0.01 vs. 0.76 ±0.09, t=0.54,P<0.01) in CD4 +T cells was significantly decreased , while the expression ROR-γt mRNA was significantly increased (17.03 ±5.51 vs.1.32 ±0.14, t=11.54,P<0.01).Conclusion BCG induces the imbalance of initial CD 4 +T lymphocytes into Th17/Treg by regulating the expression of miRNA-99b in DCs, leading to the occurrence and development of infection .

Objective To analyze the results of syphilis serology test results among hospitalized patients ,and to investigate the prevalence of syphilis .Methods T he results of syphilis antibody test of 199498 patients of Haikou People′s Hospital from 2011 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed . All samples were screened by Treponema pallidum (TP) antibody using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .Syphilis toluidine red unheated serum reagin test (TRUST ) was used to test nontreponemal antibody .The TP-ELISA positive samples were confirmed by Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) .Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis .Results A total of 7616 cases were positive of anti-TP ,with positive rate of 3 .82％ .From 2011 to 2016 ,the annual cases tested were 23188 ,32010 ,35079 ,35734 ,35406 and 38081 ,respectively .The annual positive rates of anti-TP w ere 4 .11％ (952/23188 ) ,3 .94％ (1261/32010 ) ,4 .55％ (1597/35079 ) ,3 .85％ (1376/35734 ) , 3 .47％ (1229/35406) ,and 3 .15％ (1201/38081) ,respectively ,and the difference was statistical significant (χ2 =108 .167 ,P<0 .05) .Anti-TP positive rate in male patients was 4 .85％ (4899 cases) , and 2 .76％ (2717 cases) in female ,and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 =593 .443 , P<0 .05) .The positive rate of TP antibody in the elderly over 80 years old was 6 .09％ ,and 5 .03％ in patients older than 60 years old .In all samples ,TRUST was positive in 3413 cases (1 .71％ ) .From 2011 to 2016 , the annual positive cases were 179 , 390 , 585 , 768 , 816 and 675 , respectively , with coresponding rates of 0 .77％ ,1 .22％ ,1 .67％ ,2 .15％ ,2 .3％ and 1 .77％ ,respectively .The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 763 .779 , P< 0 .05) .TRUST was positive in 2022 (2 .01％ ) male patients and 1391 (1 .41％ ) female patients ,and the positive rates were significantly different (χ2 =102 .887 ,P<0 .05) .From 2011 to 2016 ,the annual TRUST positivities among patients -9 years old and -19 years old were not different (χ2 = 1 .198 and 11 .018 ,both P> 0 .05) ,while those among patients aged -29 ,-39 ,-49 ,-59 ,-69 ,-79 ,and ≥80 years old were statistically different (χ2 =20 .100 ,38 .387 ,89 .360 ,75 .874 ,87 .743 ,71 .035 and 30 .593 ,respectively ,all P<0 .05) .Conclusions From 2011 to 2016 ,the positive rates of syphilis is increased and then decreased .And it is significantly different among different genders and age groups .The positive rate in elderly is significantly higher .

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined detection of VCA-IgA and Rta-IgG in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods From May 2013 to November 2014, 3 913 serum samples(male 2 367,female 1 546) from healthy people who had health examination in our medical center were collected and 169 serum samples(male 118,female 51) were collected from the patients who were diagnosed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma by pathological biopsy.Serum samples in two groups were detected by EBV RTA-IgG, VCA-IgA assay ( ELISA ) respectively.SPSS17.0 statistical software and receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) were applied to data analysis.Results The Rta-IgG positive rates of EB virus were 93.5%in NPC group (158/169) and 2.4%(93/3 913) in healthy group;while the VCA-IgA positive rates were 79.3%in NPC group ( 134/169 ) and 8.9% ( 349/3 913 ) in healthy group. The sensitivity(χ2 =14.49,P<0.05) and specificity(χ2 =157.15,P<0.05) of Rta-IgG in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were significantly better than that of VCA-IgA. Using VCA-IgA/Rta-IgG combined detection analysis, not only failed to effectively improve the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer, but to reduce the detection sensitivity to 72.8%( 123/169 ) , compared with Rta-IgG detection only. Conclusions Rta-IgG is significantly better than that of VCA-IgA.There was no significant improvement in the clinical diagnostic efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using VCA-IgA/Rta-IgG combined detection mode.

Objective Compared with haloperidol treatment,naloxone and naloxone combined haloperidol treatments were assessed in their efficacy and safety for excited type delirium in elderly.Methods The elderly patients with delirium were divided into haloperidol treatment (H),naloxone treatment (N) and combined treatment (C) in a prospective randomized controlled design.Delirium score scale (DSS) was used before and after treatments respectively.Clinical global impression scale-severity of illness (CGI-SI) score was evaluated daily to assess the onset time and improvement of delirium.Agitation-calmness evaluation scale (ACES) observed calmness effect in agitated patients before and after every medication intervention.Treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) assessed side effects of all medications.Results The duration of three groups(H(4.0 ±2.9)d,N(4.2± 3.5) d,C (3.2 ± 3.2) d) had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) by multiple comparison.Compared the onset time of three groups (H (2.4 ± 1.6) d,N (2.4 ± 1.4) d,C (1.3 ± 0.9) d),the combined group was faster than the other two groups (all P ＜ 0.05),no significant difference between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).DSS scores had no significant differences (P＞ 0.05) in three groups before treatment,so did CGI-SI scores.In the end,DSS scores were(H:18.8 ± 11.5,N:27.7 ± 7.2,C:29.5 ± 5.6) respectively.Statistically naloxone group and combined group with no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),were better than the haloperidol group (all P ＜ 0.01) in recovery.At the same time CGI-SI scores were (H:3.3 ± 1.5,N:2.5 ± 1.5,C:1.8 ± 0.9) respectively.Statistically combined group was better than the haloperidol group (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant difference with naloxone group (P ＞ 0.05).Three groups had no significant difference in ACES scores (P ＞ 0.05) before and after medication interventions(H:5.9 ± 1.6,N:6.2 ± 1.8,C:6.4 ± 1.6) (P ＞ 0.05).Haloperidol group had 4 cases of extrapyramidal symptom evaluated by TESS and combined group had 2 cases.Two groups had no significant difference (Chisquare test P ＞ 0.05) in extrapyramidal symptom incidence.The naloxone group showed no side effects.Conclusion Naloxone combined haloperidol is slight better than naloxone,more than haloperidol in terms of efficacy.Haloperidol equally with combined medication showed more side effects than naloxone.

UNLABELLEDTo determine the contents of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in Nelumbinis Semen using on-line post-column photochemical derivatization-HPLC-FLD method and verify the method by LC-MS method.

METHODThe samples were extracted with MeOH-H2O (80: 20) and purified with inmunoaffinity column, aflatoxins were analyzed by HPLC-FLD with post-column photochemical derivatizaton. The positive samples were further confirmed by LC-MS/MS.

RESULTOn optimum conditions, aflatoxin B1, G1 ranging 0.3-30 mg x L(-1) showed a good linear relationship with aflatoxin B2, G2 ranging 0.09-9.0 mg x L(-1) with r >0.999 9. The recoveries ranged between 86.7% and 99.1%, with RSDs all bellow 4.87%. LOD of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 were 0.08, 0.03, 0.10, 0.03 microg x kg(-1), respectively. Among 20 Nelumbinis Semen samples, 14 were found to contain aflatoxin B1 ranging from 0.40 to 586 microg x kg(-1). The total content of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 were between 0.40 and 602.5 microg x kg(-1). By LC-MS/MS method, the same fragment ions were founded in samples and the control group at the same retention times, ruling out the possibility of false positive samples.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, highly sensitive and reproducible for the determination of aflatoxins in Nelumbinis Semen.

Aflatoxins ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Food Contamination ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and ochratoxin A in Glycyrrhiza uralensis by HPLC-FLD after immunoaffinity column with online post-column photochemical derivatization.

METHODSample was extracted with MeOH: H2O (80:20) and cleaned up by immunoaffinity column. The toxins were separated by reversed-phase HPLC and the mobile phase was consisted of methanol and 0.5% acetic acid solution with gradient elution. The determination was carried out by fluorescence detector after photochemical derivatization.

RESULTThe detection limits of aflatoxin G2, G1, B2, B1 and ochratoxin A were 0.02, 0.06, 0.015, 0.03 and 0.25 microg x kg(-1), respectively. The recoveries of analytes were from 76.0% to 103% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 13%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is a simple, accurate and can be used to determine the contents of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and ochratoxin A in G. uralensis simultaneously.

Aflatoxins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Affinity ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Ochratoxins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Photochemical Processes