ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological distribution and gene evolutionary variation of influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Fengxian District, Shanghai, in the surveillance year of 2023, and to provide a reference basis for influenza prevention and control. MethodsThe prevalence of influenza virus in Fengxian District in the 2023 influenza surveillance year (April 2023‒March 2024) was analyzed. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene, neuraminidase (NA) gene, and amino acid sequences of 75 strains of H3N2 influenza viruses were compared with the vaccine reference strain for similarity matching and phylogenetic evolutionary analysis, in addition to an analysis of gene characterization and variation. ResultsIn Fengxian District, there was a mixed epidemic of H3N2 and H1N1 in the spring of 2023, with H3N2 being the predominant subtype in the second half of the year, and Victoria B becoming the predominant subtype in the spring of 2024. A total of 75 influenza strains of H3N2 with HA and NA genes were distributed in the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.2a.3a.1 and B.4 branches, with overall similarity to the reference strain of the 2024 vaccine higher than that of the reference strain of the 2022 and 2023 vaccine. Compared with the 2023 vaccine reference strain, three antigenic sites and one receptor binding site were changed in HA, with three glycosylation sites reduced and two glycosylation sites added; where as in NA seven antigenic sites and the 222nd resistance site changed with two glycosylation sites reduced. ConclusionThe risk of antigenic variation and drug resistance of H3N2 in this region is high, and it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education on the 2024 influenza vaccine and long-term monitoring of influenza virus prevalence and variation levels.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of diarrheal disease in Fengxian District of Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases. MethodsBasic information of the initial adult cases visited diarrheal disease surveillance sentinel hospital in Fengxian District, Shanghai, was collected from August 2013 to 2023, and fecal samples were collected at 1∶5 sampling intervals to isolate and identify 5 kinds of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Salmonella (SAL), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica (YE). Simultaneously, nucleic acid detection was performed for 3 kinds of rotavirus, 2 kinds of norovirus, intestinal adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus. ResultsA total of 1 861 cases of newly diagnosed diarrheal disease were reported, with the peak in July to August. Additionally, 704 surveillance samples were detected, with a total positive detection rate of 50.57%. The detection rates of bacterial, viral and mixed infection were 25.14%, 21.02% and 4.40%, respectively. Among the pathogens detected, DEC accounted for the highest (17.61%, 124/704), followed by norovirus (16.48%, 116/704), rotavirus (6.39%, 45/704), SAL (5.97%, 42/704) and Campylobacter (3.84%, 27/704). DEC detected were mainly enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, with no detection of Vibrio cholerae, Shigella and YE. The highest total pathogen detection rate was observed from June to September, and the detection peaks of norovirus were from March to June and from October to December, whereas that of DEC was from June to October. The detection rate of rotavirus peaked from January to February, but which was not detected between 2020‒2023. The SAL positive rate peak was in September, whereas that of Campylobacter was from July to September. ConclusionThe main pathogens detected in Fengxian District from 2013‒2019 are DEC, norovirus, rotavirus, SAL and Campylobacter. Different pathogens have different detection peaks, with bacteria predominating in summer and viruses in winter and spring. Prevention and control measures should be carried out according to the epidemiological characteristics of different seasons.

Objective To observe the effect of buccal needle therapy on perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery.Methods Sixty patients underwent dective laparoscopic radical of colon cancer surgery were selected,32 males and 28 females,aged 45-74 years,BMI 18.5-25.0 kg/m2 and ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ.The patients were divided into two groups using the randomized numerical table method:buccal needle group and control group,30 patients in each group.Before the induction of anesthesia,the buccal needle group was given buccal needle therapy once,and buc-cal needle therapy was performed once a day at 9 a.m.in the postoperative period,leaving the needle in place for 30 minutes each time,for 3 consecutive days of treatment,and the control group was not treated with buccal needle therapy.The amount of intraoperative propofol,remifentanil,sufentanil used in the 48 hours postoperative period and recorded.VAS pain scores were recorded at 1 hour,4,24,and 48 hours postoperatively.Venous blood was collected at the time of admission to the hand room and at 1 day,2,and 3 days postoperatively,respectively,and the concentrations of plasma C-reactive protein(CRP),interleu-kin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)were measured.The occurrence of adverse reactions within 48 hours after operation was recorded.Results Compared with the control group,intraop-erative propofol,remifentanil,the amount of sufentanil used and the number of analgesic pump presses with-in 48 hours after operation in the buccal needle group were significantly reduced in the buccal needle group(P＜0.05),VAS pain scores were significantly lower at 1 hour,4,24,and 48 hours postoperatively(P＜0.05),CRP,IL-6,and TNF-α concentrations were significantly lower at 1 day,2,and 3 days postopera-tively(P＜0.05),and nausea and vomiting,incidence of laryngospasm and laryngeal discomfort were sig-nificantly reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusion The perioperative use of buccal needle therapy in patients un-dergoing laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery can effectively reduce pain,inhibit inflammatory respon-ses,and decrease the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.

ObjectiveTo analyze the surveillance status of acute respiratory tract infection pathogens in Fengxian District of Shanghai, and to determine the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory tract infection in the district. MethodsCase surveillance data from Fengxian Central Hospital were collected through the Shanghai Integrated Surveillance System for Acute Respiratory Infections, and respiratory specimens were collected from the 50^th week of 2022 to the 49^th week of 2023 for nucleic acid detection of 25 pathogens and bacterial culture testing. Case surveillance data from Fengxian Central Hospital were collected through the National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System, and respiratory specimens were collected for nucleic acid detection of 5 pathogens. ResultsThe percentage seeking for medical visits of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were 4.74% and 0.81%, respectively, with epidemic peaks in winter and spring. A total of 1 610 samples were detected, among which 354 were SARI cases, whose age of P₂₅ and P₇₅ quartiles were 44 years and 71 years, respectively, with a positive detection rate of 48.31%. Among the 1 256 ILI cases, the age of P₂₅ and P₇₅ quartiles were 21 years and 39 years, respectively. The positive detection rate of pathogens was 65.04% in 123 ILI cases under comprehensive surveillance of respiratory tract infection and 66.11% in 1 133 ILI cases under influenza surveillance. The positive rates of influenza andSARS-CoV-2 in SARI samples were 12.99% and 29.66%, respectively. The positive rates of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in ILI case samples were 33.20% and 31.53%, respectively. Influenza virus concentrated in the winter and spring. The ILI and SARI cases had the highest positivity rates in the 6‒14 years old group and 15‒24 years old group, respectively. ConclusionThe main pathogens of respiratory tract infection in Fengxian District of Shanghai were SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Special efforts should be made to monitor respiratory disease pathogens in the population under 24 years old, and surveillance of SARI cases aged ≥60 years should be strengthened. The influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are alternating, which is different from the past and requires a change in the previous prevention and control strategies.

Objective:To investigate the effects of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human amniotic epithelial cells.Methods:NETs were induced in vitro from the neutrophil cells obtained from the peripheral blood of normal pregnant women before elective cesarean section at full-term. Human amniotic epithelial cell lines (WISH cells) were cultured in vitro, and were divided into four groups:(1) control group: without any stimulus; (2) NETs group: WISH cells were stimulated with NETs (500 ng/ml); (3) NETs+SB203580 (p38 kinase inhibitor) group: WISH cells were pretreated with SB203580 (5 μmol/L) for 30 min and then NETs (500 ng/ml) was added; (4) SB203580 group: only SB203580 was added. After stimulating for 48 h, cell proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) assay, and flow cytometry assay were used to detect the cell proliferation rate, LDH level of cell supernatant, and cell apoptosis rate among different groups. The results were analyzed and compared using one-way analysis of variance and LSD- t test. Results:(1) Cell proliferation: The cell proliferation ratio in the NETs group was lower than that in the control group [(9.379±0.775)% vs (36.560±1.208)%, LSD- t=20.78, P<0.001]; and the figure in the NETs+SB203580 group [(27.920±0.926)%] was higher than that in the NETs group (LSD- t=14.18, P<0.001). (2)LDH: There was an increased LDH level in the cell supernatant of the NETs group compared with the control group (1.518±0.038 vs 0.274±0.004, LSD -t=44.25, P<0.05), and the LDH level in the NETs+SB203580 group (0.857±0.009) was decreased than that in the NETs group (LSD -t=23.51, P<0.001). (3) Apoptosis: Compared with the control group, the cell apoptosis level of the NETs group was increased [(14.290±0.141)% vs (10.110±0.044)%, LSD- t=21.76, P<0.001]; but that in the NETs+SB203580 group [(10.500±0.218)%] was lower than in the NETs group (LSD- t=19.70, P<0.001). Conclusion:p38/mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway may be involved in the process of NETs, inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of human amniotic epithelial cells.

Objective:To study the performance of immune reconstitution in patients with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy bridging allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods:A total of 61 patients with acute B lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) who received CAR-T cell bridging allo-HSCT in Beijing Lu Daopei Hospital from August 2018 to December 2021 were enrolled, and the clinical medical records of the above patients were retrospectively analyzed. The average age was 14 (7, 30) years old, including 39 males and 22 females. 32 patients were treated with CAR-T cell immunotherapy(CAR-T Group) and 29 didn't with CAR-T cell immunotherapy(non-CAR-T group). The follow-up period was 561 (235,784) days. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to detect the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, i.e. total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and Treg cell counts before transplantation and 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after transplantation, to evaluate the immune reconstitution performance post allo-HSCT.Results:Serum globulin before transplantation: The IgA level in the CAR-T group was 0.18 (0.06, 0.49) g/L, which was lower than that of 1.03 (0.63, 1.56) g/L in the non-CAR-T group ( U=103.5, P<0.001). The IgG level in the CAR-T group was 5.54 (4.04, 7.09) g/L, lower than that of 6.78 (5.27, 9.26) g/L in the non-CAR-T group, ( U=1 298.5, P=0.017), and the IgM level in the CAR-T group was 0.18 (0.05, 0.30) g/L, lower than that of 0.40 (0.26, 0.71) g/L in the non-CAR-T group ( U=166.0, P<0.001). In the CAR-T group before transplantation, the absolute count of total lymphocyte in peripheral blood was 833.00 (335.00, 1 727.50) /μl, lower than that of 1 052.00 (545.75, 1 812.50) /μl in the non-CAR-T group ( U=404.0, P<0.001). The absolute count of T lymphocyte in the CAR-T group before transplantation was 686.00 (233.00, 1 307.00)/μl, lower than that of 860.00 (391.00, 1 419.75) /μl in the non-CAR-T group ( U=406.0, P<0.001). The absolute count of helper T lymphocytes in the CAR-T group was 146.00 (40.50, 327.50) /μl, lower than that of 162.50 (66.00, 384.75) /μl in the non-CAR-T group ( U=494.0, P=0.002). The absolute count of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the CAR-T group was 343.00 (56.50, 924.00) /μl, lower than that of 478.00 (143.50, 992.25) /μl in the non-CAR-T group ( U=483.5, P=0.001). The absolute count of B lymphocytes in CAR-T group was 22.00 (6.00, 186.00) /μl, lower than that of 33.00 (8.00, 220.00) /μl in the non-CAR-T group ( U=498.0, P=0.002). And when two groups of patients were monitored after transplantation, there was no statistical difference in absolute cell counts of each immune cell subpopulation( P>0.05). Comparing the clinical features of the two groups, the pre-transplant history of the CAR-T group was 981.00 (368.50, 1 514.75) d, longer than that of 323.00 (167.50, 450.50) d in the non-CAR-T group ( U=263.0, P=0.004). The dose of rabbit anti-human thymic immunoglobulin (ATG) in the pretreatment protocol of patients in the CAR-T group was 5.00 (5.00, 7.50) mg/Kg, lower than that of 7.00 (5.00, 7.50) mg/kg in the non-CAR-T group ( U=288.5, P=0.018). The infusion dose of CD34 +cells in the CAR-T group was 5.91 (4.23, 6.02) ×10 6/kg, higher than that of 4.51 (4.00, 5.93)×10 6/kg in the non-CAR-T group ( U=291.0, P=0.012). The duration of the application of cyclosporine after transplantation in the CAR-T group was 167.00 (119.25, 299.50) d, which was shorter than that of 197.00 (102.50, 450.50) d in the non-CAR-T group ( U=421.0, P=0.001). Conclusions:For patients in CAR-T group with low immune function before transplantation, it may be possible to make them comparable to non-CAR-T group in immune reconstitution state by reducing the dose of pretreatment ATG, increasing the counts of CD34 + cells infusion in the graft, and discontinuing cyclosporine as soon as possible after transplantation.

Objective:To automatically synthesize Al 18F-1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04, perform PET/CT imaging in vivo, and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy on tumors. Methods:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was produced in All-in-one automatic synthesis module and its quality control was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a radioactive detector. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging was performed in normal BALB/c mice ( n=3) and 4T1 breast cancer models ( n=3) to determine its biodistribution. Then Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were performed in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient (male, 51 years old). Results:The synthesis time of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was about 35 min, and the radiochemical yield was (25.2±1.9)% (attenuation correction, n=3). The product was colorless transparent solution with pH value of 7.0-7.5, and the specific activity was (46.11±3.07) GBq/μmol (attenuation correction, n=3). The radiochemical purity was above 99.0% and was still above 98.0% at room temperature after 6 h. PET/CT imaging in mice showed that physiological uptake of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was mainly in biliary system and bladder, and Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 highly concentrated in tumor xenografts. PET/CT imaging in the patient showed that Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 obtained high tumor background ratio (TBR) values of 4.1, 8.9, 5.4, 4.8, 2.2 in parasternal lymph nodes, anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes, hilar lymph nodes, pancreaticoduodenal ligament lymph nodes, abdominal aortic lymph nodes, respectively, while TBR values were 1.0, 2.8, 5.0, 2.1, 1.1 by 18F-FDG. Conclusions:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 can be synthesized with short time, high radiochemical yield and good stability using All-in-one module. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging has high contrast and excellent diagnostic efficacy on tumors.

Severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (SAP-ALI) is a serious disease associated with high mortality. Emodin has been applied to alleviate SAP-ALI; however, the mechanism remains unclear. We report that the therapeutic role of emodin in attenuating SAP-ALI is partly dependent on an exosomal mechanism. SAP rats had increased levels of plasma exosomes with altered protein contents compared to the sham rats. These infused plasma exosomes tended to accumulate in the lungs and promoted the hyper-activation of alveolar macrophages and inflammatory damage. Conversely, emodin treatment decreased the plasma/pancreatic exosome levels in the SAP rats. Emodin-primed exosomes showed less pro-inflammatory effects in alveolar macrophages and lung tissues than SAP exosomes. In detail, emodin-primed exosomes suppressed the NF-κB pathway to reduce the activation of alveolar macrophage and ameliorate lung inflammation by regulating PPARγ pathway, while these effects were amplified/abolished by PPARγ agonist/antagonist. Blockage of pancreatic acinar cell exosome biogenesis also exhibited suppression of alveolar macrophage activation and reduction of lung inflammation. This study suggests a vital role of exosomes in participating inflammation-associated organ-injury, and indicates emodin can attenuate SAP-ALI by reducing the pancreatic exosome-mediated alveolar macrophage activation.

Based on the latest results of international researches, combining with the experiences of our team in the simulation of acute dyspnea, Xiangya Hospital Central South University has summarized 7 characteristics, procedures and methods of debriefing, including that immediate feedback happens after simulation; feedback is provided by a trained instructor with clinical experience; feedback time is at least longer than the simulation time; various international methods of feedback can be used; the content of feedback is the learning objective; oral feedback is preferred; video can be used to review the details. The study aims to provide a theoretical basis for debriefing in domestic scenario stimulation teaching, and finally improve the effectiveness of the scenario stimulation teaching.

Macrophages are typically identified as classically activated (M1) macrophages and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, which respectively exhibit pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and the balance between these two subtypes plays a critical role in the regulation of tissue inflammation, injury, and repair processes. Recent studies indicate that tissue cells and macrophages interact