Objective:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicine formula "Hua Xian Fang" (HXF) in the treatment of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF).Methods:In vivo experiment, 36 male specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into the control, irradiation (17 Gy thoracic irradiation), and irradiation+HXF groups (17 Gy thoracic irradiation+HXF). After 16 weeks, lung coefficient, HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate the degree of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in lung tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine the levels of IFN-γ in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). During in vitro experiment, NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were stimulated with IFN-γ after 6 Gy irradiation, followed by 48 hours of culture. qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot were used to assess the expression of α-SMA and collagen Ⅰ at the transcription and protein levels. One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons, and Tukey test was used for inter group multiple comparisons. Results:Compared to the control group, mice in the irradiation group showed significant increases in lung coefficient, Szapiel score, Ashcroft score, and α-SMA expression in lung tissues (all P<0.001). Compared to the irradiation group, the irradiation+HXF group exhibited significant decreases in the above indicators (all P<0.001). qPCR demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher in the irradiation+HXF group than that in the irradiation group ( P=0.001). ELISA results showed that the levels of IFN-γ in serum and BALF were significantly elevated in the irradiation+HXF group compared to those in the irradiation group ( P=0.032, 0.037). In vitro experiment revealed that after irradiation, the expression levels of α-SMA and collagen Ⅰ mRNA and protein in NIH/3T3 cells were significantly increased, while decreased after IFN-γ stimulation. Conclusion:HXF effectively alleviates RIPF, probably by the upregulation of IFN-γ in blood and tissues and inhibition of fibroblast activation.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have become one of the cutting-edge technologies in the world, and have been mainly applicated in medicine. In this article, we sorted out the development history and important scenarios of BCIs in medical application, analyzed the research progress, technology development, clinical transformation and product market through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and looked forward to the future trends. The results showed that the research hotspots included the processing and interpretation of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the development and application of machine learning algorithms, and the detection and treatment of neurological diseases. The technological key points included hardware development such as new electrodes, software development such as algorithms for EEG signal processing, and various medical applications such as rehabilitation and training in stroke patients. Currently, several invasive and non-invasive BCIs are in research. The R&D level of BCIs in China and the United State is leading the world, and have approved a number of non-invasive BCIs. In the future, BCIs will be applied to a wider range of medical fields. Related products will develop shift from a single mode to a combined mode. EEG signal acquisition devices will be miniaturized and wireless. The information flow and interaction between brain and machine will give birth to brain-machine fusion intelligence. Last but not least, the safety and ethical issues of BCIs will be taken seriously, and the relevant regulations and standards will be further improved.
Humans ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Medicine ; Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Brain

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of the nurse-led catheter extraction assessment model for children in PICU.Methods:From January to May 2020, 100 children with short-term catheter in PICU of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center were selected by convenient sampling method as the experimental group, the need for urethral catheter indwelling was assessed daily using an evidence-based assessment scale in PICU children, and the unnecessary indwelling catheters were removed timely, and 109 children with indwelling urethral catheters from August to December 2019 were collected as the control group, the catheter was removed by the nurse on medical advice, recorded and compared days of indwelling of catheters, the incidence of patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection , resetting of catheters and the length of stay in ICU between the two groups.Results:The median and interquartile spacing of the days with indwelling catheter were 5.0 (6.0) days in the experimental group and 6.0 (6.0) days in the control group ( Z=-2.01, P<0.05) . In the experimental group, the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection was 1.000 percent (1/100), and in the control group, the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection was 1.835 percent (2/109); in the experimental group, 2 cases of urethral catheter were reset, and in the control group, 2 cases of urethral catheter were reset; the median and interquartile spacing of the length of stay in ICU was 6.5 (7.0) days in the experimental group and 7.0 (8.0) days in the control group. The differences of the above three indexes between the two groups were statistically significant ( χ2=0.26, 0.01, Z=-0.96, all P>0.05). Conclusions:The nurse-led catheter extraction assessment model for children can effectively shorten the catheter indwelling days for children in PICU, which has certain clinical practice significance for reducing the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.

Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital malformation, and its sequential treatment time is long and complicated. Many factors affect the treatment result . Operation is the main treatment for cleft palate. Its main goal is to close the abnormal defect to prevent disorders of speech development and eating, while ensuring the minimum impact on the growth of the maxilla. Cleft lip repair has been carried out for many years at home and abroad by using vomer bone flap to repair the hard palate at the same time, and a large number of research reports have been reported. This article reviews the effect of the treatment mode on the related anatomical structures of cleft lip repair with vomer bone flap repairing the hard palate, in order to explore the ideal treatment plan for cleft lip and palate.

Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital malformation, and its sequential treatment time is long and complicated. Many factors affect the treatment result . Operation is the main treatment for cleft palate. Its main goal is to close the abnormal defect to prevent disorders of speech development and eating, while ensuring the minimum impact on the growth of the maxilla. Cleft lip repair has been carried out for many years at home and abroad by using vomer bone flap to repair the hard palate at the same time, and a large number of research reports have been reported. This article reviews the effect of the treatment mode on the related anatomical structures of cleft lip repair with vomer bone flap repairing the hard palate, in order to explore the ideal treatment plan for cleft lip and palate.

Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital malformation, and its sequential treatment time is long and complicated. Many factors affect the treatment result . Operation is the main treatment for cleft palate. Its main goal is to close the abnormal defect to prevent disorders of speech development and eating, while ensuring the minimum impact on the growth of the maxilla. Cleft lip repair has been carried out for many years at home and abroad by using vomer bone flap to repair the hard palate at the same time, and a large number of research reports have been reported. This article reviews the effect of the treatment mode on the related anatomical structures of cleft lip repair with vomer bone flap repairing the hard palate, in order to explore the ideal treatment plan for cleft lip and palate.

Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital malformation, and its sequential treatment time is long and complicated. Many factors affect the treatment result . Operation is the main treatment for cleft palate. Its main goal is to close the abnormal defect to prevent disorders of speech development and eating, while ensuring the minimum impact on the growth of the maxilla. Cleft lip repair has been carried out for many years at home and abroad by using vomer bone flap to repair the hard palate at the same time, and a large number of research reports have been reported. This article reviews the effect of the treatment mode on the related anatomical structures of cleft lip repair with vomer bone flap repairing the hard palate, in order to explore the ideal treatment plan for cleft lip and palate.

With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, fermentation process is increasingly important in industrial production. To guarantee the stability of products, fermentation process should be elaborately monitored and controlled. Biomass is an important parameter for on-line monitoring in bioprocesses because biomass can reflect cell growth in a bioreactor directly. In-situ microscope, a non-invasive and image-analysis based technology, can real-time monitor cells in biological process. This review summarizes the development and application of in-situ microscopy in biomass monitoring.
Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; Fermentation ; Microscopy

Objective To explore the relationship between interleukin(IL)-13 RS20541 gene polymorphism and susceptibility of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in children's hand-foot-mouth disease.Methods Blood samples were collected from 123 children with EV71 infection from the Central Hospital of Xiangtan (experimental group),and they were divided into mild EV71 infection group (n =62) and severe EV71 infection group (n =61) according to their severity.And 52 healthy children without EV71 infection were selected as the controls,with age and sex matched.Two mL blood samples stored in the-80 ℃ freezer,were collected from all subjects,and DNA was extracted by Beijing ubiolab genetic technology company limited.The SNaPshot was used to determine genotype for G/A polymorphism at RS20541 position of IL-13 gene.SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results IL-13 RS20541 loci had 3 genotypes:AA,GA,GG;the frequency of AA,GA,GG in the experimental group was 4.07％,44.71％,51.22％,which was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (the frequency of AA,GA,GG were 11.54％,32.69％,55.77％),there was no statistically significant difference in genotypes (x2 =4.676,P ＞ 0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in allele frequency (the frequency of A,G in experimental group was 26.42 ％,73.58 ％,and that of the healthy control group was 27.88 ％,72.12 ％;x2 =0.080,P ＞ 0.05).EV71 infection caused by mild group,severe group and healthy controls genotype frequencies between the 3 groups [(AA + GA) were 53.22％,44.26％,44.23％;GG were 46.78％,55.74％,55.77％;x2 =1.294,P ＞ 0.05] and allele frequency (A were 30.65％,22.13％,27.88％;G were 69.35％,77.87％,72.12％;x2 =2.349,P ＞ 0.05) among the mild group,severe group and healthy control group had no statistical significance.Conclusion There is no correlation between the IL-13RS20541 gene polymorphism and EV 71 infection in children with the hand-foot-mouth disease.

Objective To explore the relationship between the interleukin-6 (IL-6) RS1800796 gene polymorphism and susceptibility of Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection.Methods One hundred and twenty-three children with EV71 infection were selected as infection experimental group from March 2012 to December 2014 in the Central Hospital of Xiangtan,and they were divided into mild EV71 infection group (62 cases) and severe EV71 infection group (61 cases).And 52 age-and gender-matched healthy children were selected as the healthy control group.Two mL blood samples were collected from all subjects,and DNA was extracted by Beijing Optimal Boland Gene Technology LTD.The SNaPshot was used to determine the genotype for G/C polymorphism at RS1800796 position of IL-6 gene.Results The genotype frequency of IL-6 RS1800796 GG in the infection experimental group [73.2％ (90/123 cases)]was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group[48.1％ (25/52 cases)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =10o 215,P =0.002,OR =2.945,95 ％ CI:1.500-5.782).No significant difference was found in the distribution of genotype frequency of the IL-6 RS1800796 GG between the mild EV71 infection group and the severe EV71 infection group[71.0％ (44/62 cases)vs.75.4％ (46/61 cases),x2 =0.309,P =0.685].The G allele in IL-6 RS1800796 G/C was more frequent in the infection group (85.0％)than that in the control group (70.2％),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =10.183,P =0.002,OR =2.399,95％ CI:1.389-4.143).No significant difference was found in allele frequency of the IL-6 RS1800796 G between the mild EV71 infection group and the severe EV71 infection group (83.1％ vs.86.9％,x2 =0.703,P =0.477).Conclusion The G allele of IL-6 RS1800796 confers susceptibility to infection of EV71.But G allele carrier will not increase the risk of severity after infection.