Objective:To develop an E-chart visual acuity recognition card suitable for children aged 2-4 years and to design a child-friendly gamified intervention method to improve the success rate, compliance, and parental satisfaction in visual acuity testing for this age group.Methods:A non-concurrent historical control study design was employed, involving 143 children aged 2-4 years and parents who attended the ophthalmology outpatient clinic of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January to June 2023. The children were divided into the control group and the intervention group based on their appointment times. Both groups underwent binocular visual acuity testing using the E-chart visual acuity recognition cards. The control group received conventional visual acuity testing, while the intervention group was subjected to a child-friendly gamified intervention. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed by comparing the success rate of visual acuity testing, examination compliance, and parental satisfaction between the two groups.Results:Finally, the sample size of the control group and the intervention group were 69 and 74 cases. The children in the control group was (3.06 ± 0.47) years old, with 36 males and 33 females; whereas the children in the intervention group was (2.99 ± 0.45) years old, with 38 males and 36 females. The parents in the control group was (29.37 ± 4.00) years old, with 24 males and 45 females; whereas the parents in the intervention group was (29.35 ± 3.50) years old, with 27 males and 47 females. The success rate of visual acuity testing in the intervention group was significantly higher at 63.5% (47/74) compared to the control group′s 34.8% (24/69), with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=7.45, P<0.01). The compliance of the children during the examination in the intervention group, categorized as no grade I cases, 19 gradeⅡcases, 21 gradeⅢcases, and 34 grade Ⅳ cases, was significantly higher than that of the control group, which had 17 grade I cases, 23 gradeⅡcases, 15 grade Ⅲcases, and 14 grade Ⅳ cases ( Z=4.61, P<0.01). In terms of parental satisfaction, the intervention group′s satisfaction score was (4.53 ± 0.56) points, which was significantly higher than the control group′s score of (3.74 ± 0.78) points, indicating a statistically significant difference ( t=-4.88, P<0.01). Conclusions:The child-friendly gamified intervention significantly improved the success rate and compliance of visual acuity testing in children aged 2-4 years and increased parental satisfaction. This intervention provides an effective solution for visual acuity testing in children aged 2-4 years.

Objective:To investigate the current status of diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection in primary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, and to evaluate the capability of comprehensive prevention and management of H. pylori infection in the primary hospitals. Methods:From 2020 to 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 430 primary hospitals, which participated in the Incubation Center Project of Primary Gastroenterology Specialty Department in Jiangsu Province. The questionnaire survey includedthe establishmment of endoscopy and department of gastroenterology, items of H. pylori detection, H. pylori treatment, eradication plans and treatment course. The questionnaire was filled by the director of the primary hospital. Descriptive analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 413 valid questionnaires were received. Among the 413 primary hospitals, 286 (69.2%) were equipped with endoscopy centers, and 202 (48.9%) had departments of gastroenterology. In terms of diagnostic methods for H. pylori, 35.8% (148/413) of the primary hospitals did not have urea breath test equipment, of which 84 hospitals did not carry out any H. pylori testing items, 8 hospitals only had rapid urease test, 45 hospitals only had serum H. pylori antibody test, 7 hospitals had both rapid urease test and serum H. pylori antibody test, and 4 hospitals had fecal H. pylori antigen test. In terms of therapeutic drugs, all the hospitals could provide proton pump inhibitors, and 82.8% (342/413) of the hospitals had bismuth agents. According to diagnosis and treatment guideline for H. pylori infection at the primary care, 7 combinations of two antibiotics were recommended. A total of 14 (3.4%) hospitals could provide all the combinations, 369 (89.3%)hospitals could provide 2 to 6 combinations, 20(4.8%)hospitals could provide only one combination, and 10 (2.4%) hospitals could not provide any combination. For the selection of the eradication scheme and treatment course, the bismuth-based quadruple scheme was chosen in 248 (60.0%) hospitals, 14-day course was selected in 363(87.9%) hospitals, and 14-day course of bismuth-based quadruple scheme was selected in 232 (56.2%) hospitals. Conclusion:Improving the H. pylori testing equipment in primary hospitals, preparing all types of therapeutic drugs, and improving doctors′ knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori in are of great significance for improving the prevention and treatment efficacy of H. pylori infection at the primary hospitals.

Objective To investigate the influence of the microscale attractive interaction on the elastic properties of DNA film in multivalent ion solutions. Methods Kornyshev's electrostatic zipper model was employed to describe the interaction energy between the DNA strands. The thought experiment method and macroscopic continuum bar model were combined to predict the stress-strain relationship, prestress, and elastic modulus of the DNA biofilm.Results Given the packing conditions, the DNA film exhibited a tensile prestress and negative elastic modulus. The prestress of the DNA biofilm ranged from -1.52 MPa to 1.17 MPa, and its elastic modulus ranged from -4.2 MPa to 64 MPa. Conclusions In contrast with monovalent solutions, the microscopic attractive interactions in multivalent solutions caused the elastic properties of the DNA film to exhibit a non-monotonous relationship with the variation in the packing density and salt concentration. The tensile elastic properties were significantly different from the compressive ones, and the tensile/compressive prestress as well as the positive/negative elastic modulus transformed each other. These results can contribute to understanding the mechanism of viral replication and provide references for gene detection and gene therapy.

Objective To observe the apoptosis of retina and the expression of caspase-3 in mice with premature myopia and to explore the pathogenesis of premature myopia.Methods Together 60 newborn C57BL/6J mice were selected and divided randomly into three groups (n =20):P6 group (opening the eyelid on day 6 after birth),P10 group (opening the eyelid on day 10 after birth) and normal group (opening the eyelid naturally).The right eyes of mice in the P6 and P10 group were subjected to lighting exposure,and the left eyes were left untreated serving controls with its right eyes;while the eyes in the normal group open naturally without any treatment.Then the refraction was checked on day 15 through retinophotoscopy,and ocular axial length was measured by micrometer with electronic digital display.TUNEL assay was used to determine retinal apoptosis.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of caspase-3 in mice retina.Results The right eyes developed significant myopia in the P6 group [(-7.55 ±0.15)D] and P10 group [(-5.25 ±0.10)D],while the eyes in the normal group did not suffer from myopia,and there was significant difference in the three groups (P ＜0.05).The average axial length of right eyes in the P6 group [(2.49 ± 0.08) mm] and the P10 group [(2.51 ±0.03)mm] was shorter than that in the normal group [(2.58 ± 0.04) mm],with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of caspase-3 had a dramatically increase in ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer of retina of mice in P6 group and P10 group.TUNEL results showed that brown-stained positive apoptotic cells appeared in ganglion cell layer in the P6 and P10 group,while Western blot showed that the expression of caspase-3 protein in mouse retina in P6 group (gray value 52.70％) and P10 group (gray value 35.76％) was upregulated.Conclusion Early lighting exposure can induce premature myopia of mice,and the earlier the mice receive light,the higher the relative degree of myopia is;meanwhile during the process of premature myopia,ganglion cells and nuclear layer cells suffer apoptosis,as well as caspase-3 protein involves in the occurrence of apoptosis.

Objective To asses stereoacuity and the factors that influence stereopsis in children after unilateral cataract extraction.Methods Sixty-two children who were diagnosed as unilateral cataract and underwent cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation were included in this study.Data are recorded on age at presentation and the surgery,the presence of strabismus,the refractive error,and the best corrected distant visual acuity (BCDVA) of both eyes and stereoacuity.Sixty-two patients were followed up for 14 ～ 60 months.Results Sixty-two patients were divided into two groups according to stereoacuity.Thirty-one patients in group A achieved stereopsis better than 400 s of arc.Group B had 31 patients whose stereoacuity was poorer than 400 s of arc.The mean age at presentation and surgery were 4.6 ± 3.4 and 6.3 ±4.5 years in group A and 2.1 ±2.1 and 2.4 ±2.2 years in group B.51.6％ of patients in group A achieved a BCDVA of 20/40 or better,but in group B,only 6.5％ of patients achieved a BCDVA of 20/40.Those who had strabismus after cataract surgery were 6.5％ in group A and 35.5％ in group B.There was statistically significant difference in age at presentation and the surgery (t =4.03,4.53,P ＜0.01),good BCDVA(x2 =15.34,P ＜ 0.01) and absence of strabismus (x2 =7.88,P ＜ 0.01) between two groups.Conclusions Stereopsis can develop in children after pediatric unilateral cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation.Good stereoacuity is correlated with later manifesting cataracts,absence of strabismus and good BCDVA.

This study was aimed to develop non-toxic, high transfection efficiency polyethyleneimine(PEI) cationic nanoparticles. The exosyndrome of PEI cationic nanoparticles was measured by zeta sizer, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. The condensation ability and the resistance to DNaseI of pEGFP-N1/PEI and pEGFP-N1/PEI modified polyethylene glycol(PEG) were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The cell toxicity of polyethyleneimine cationic nanoparticles was measured by using MTT test. The orthogonal design was used to optimize the transfection efficiency with the N/P ratio, the grafting ratio and the gene dosage as the factors. The experimental results showed that pEGFP-N1/PEI nanoparticles have lower cell toxicity, better composite ability and better resistance to DNAseI. The highest transfection efficiency of PEI cationic nanoparticles was 91% by using the PEI nanoparticles with the N/P ratio 40:1 and gene dosages 6 microg/well. PEI cationic nanoparticle modified by PEG effectively transferred DNA to hepatoma carcinoma cells and it is a non-toxic, with high transfection efficiency, and a promising non-viral carrier for gene delivery. The transfection efficiency will be improved by optimizing the experiment condition.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyethyleneimine ; chemistry ; Transfection ; methods

AIM: To explored the potential role of HIF-1α in reducing the neuronal apoptosis and promoting the neuronal proliferation after stroke in rats. METHODS: The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were lentivirally transduced to express the stable form of HIF-1α. Ischemic stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurological function was evaluated by modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Cerebral infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. Immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method were performed to detect neuronal proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS: Significant improvement of neurological deficits was found in BMSCs-mHIF-1α rats as compared to the control animals at 14th d and 28th d after MCAO (P<0.05). Significant reduction of infarct volume was observed in rats in BMSCs-mHIF-1α group at 3rd day after MCAO (P<0.05). Histological evaluation showed that BMSCs-mHIF-1α treatment significantly promoted neuronal survival and proliferation in the ischemic boundary area. CONCLUSION: Constitutive expression of HIF-1α in BMSCs reduces the neuronal apoptosis and promotes the neuronal proliferation after stroke in rats.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of preconditioning with low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on oxidative stress-induced BMSC apoptosis.[Methods] In vitro separation,purification,culture,and amplification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were performed.BMSC were insulted with 0,50,100,200,300,400,500 μmol/L H2O2 and the effect of different consentration of H2O2 on BMSC was detected by Flow cytometry (FCM).And then cells were preconditioned with different consentraion of H2O2.(FCM) was used to determine the protective role of H2O2 preconditioning on BMSC apoptosis,BMSC chromatin distribution changes were observed by Hoechst33324;BMSC Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 gene changes were detected by RT-PCR.[Results] Analysis of BMSC apoptosis by flow cytometry showed that H2O2 induced BMSC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner,and pretreatment of the cells with low concentration of H2O2 prevented subsequent stimulation with high H2O2.RT-PCR results showed that preconditioning with low concentration of H2O2 reduced the BMSC Caspase-3 gene expression but increased Bcl-2 gene expression.[Conclusion] Preconditioning with low concentration of H2O2 has an adaptive role in BMSC,and its mechanism may be related to inhibit abnormal gene expression of Caspase-3 and increase the gene expression of Bcl-2.

AIM To study the adaptive cytoprotection of H 2O 2 preconditioning against oxidative stress damage in PC12 cell and the relationships between brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the adaptive cytoprotection of H 2O 2 preconditioning. METHODS The viability of PC12 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by PI stain flow cytometer. Expression of BDNF was analyzed by immuo flow cytometer. RESULTS After H 2O 2 preconditioning, the survival of PC12 cells exposure to H 2O 2 (20～60 ?mol?L -1 ) was increased and the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 (20 or 30 ?mol?L -1 ) was inhibited and the expression of BDNF in PC12 cells was enhanced. CONCLUSION H 2O 2 preconditioning is protective against the damage of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 and its mechanisms may involve up modulation of the expression of BDNF.