Objective To develop an automatic urine volume detection and collection device to solve the problems of routine urine test.Methods An automatic urine volume detection and collection device was developed with the components of a main control system,a detection system,a prompting system and a grasping and moving system.The main control system consisted of two STM32 microcontrollers and a reset switch;the detection system was made up of a weighing module,an infrared module and indicator lights,which had its urine volume automatic detection algorithm developed based on the Keil5 platform;the prompting system realized voice broadcasting through the voice module fixed on the back panel of the box;the grasping and moving system was composed of a rail drive motor(86CM stepper motor),a photoelectric switch and a motorized gripper.Results The device developed tested urine samples with an accuracy of 99.44％,and could collect qualified samples automatically and quickly.Conclusion The device developed detects urine volume and collects samples automatically,and enhances the accuracy and efficiency of urine examination.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(4):66-69]

Objective: To investigate the association between blood pressure and all-cause mortality in Shanxi, China. Methods: The '2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey' baseline data in Shanxi province was used. A retrospective investigation was performed in 2015. The effects of SBP and DBP on the all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox regression model. The hazard ratio ( Results: The follow-up rate was 76.52% over 13 years, while the cumulative mortality rate for all participants was 917.12/100,000 person-years. The mortality rose with an increasing SBP ( Conclusion Adults with SBP > 160 mmHg and DBP > 100 mmHg had a higher mortality risk. Sex and age difference was noted in both DBP and mortality risk.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hypertension/mortality* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality/trends* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of severe hyperbilirubinemia in full-term infants who met the exchange transfusion criteria and were treated by blood exchange transfusion and phototherapy.Methods:A total of 168 full-term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia who met the criteria for exchange transfusion and were hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of seven tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province from June 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively included. According to the treatment protocol, they were divided into two groups: exchange transfusion group (38 cases) and phototherapy group (130 cases). Two independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the clinical manifestations and follow-up results between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis. Results:Neonatal severe hyperbilirubinemia in the exchange transfusion and phototherapy group were both mainly caused by hemolytic disease [42.1%(16/38) and 29.2%(38/130)], sepsis [28.9%(11/38) and 11.5%(15/130)] and early-onset breastfeeding jaundice [15.8%(6/38) and 11.5%(15/130)]. Total serum bilirubin level on admission in the exchange transfusion group was significantly higher than that in the phototherapy group [(531.7±141.3) vs (440.0±67.4) μmol/L, t=3.870, P<0.001]. Moreover, the percentage of patients with mild, moderate and severe acute bilirubin encephalopathy in the exchange transfusion group were higher than those in the phototherapy group [15.8%(6/38) vs 3.8%(5/130), 7.9%(3/38) vs 0.8%(1/130), 13.2%(5/38) vs 0.0%(0/130); χ2=29.119, P<0.001]. Among the 168 patients, 135 were followed up to 18-36 months of age and 12 showed poor prognosis (developmental retardation or hearing impairment) with four in the exchange transfusion group (12.9%, 4/31) and eight in the phototherapy group (7.7%, 8/104). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that for full-term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia who met the exchange transfusion criteria, phototherapy alone without blood exchange transfusion as well as severe ABE were risk factors for poor prognosis ( OR=14.407, 95% CI: 1.101-88.528, P=0.042; OR=16.561, 95% CI: 4.042-67.850, P<0.001). Conclusions:Full-term infants who have severe hyperbilirubinemia and meet the exchange transfusion criteria should be actively treated with blood exchange transfusion, especially for those with severe ABE, so as to improve the prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Delivery room resuscitation assists preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), in breathing support, while it potentially exerts a negative impact on the lungs and outcomes of preterm infants. This study aimed to assess delivery room resuscitation and discharge outcomes of EPI and ELBWI in China. METHODS: The clinical data of EPI (gestational age [GA] <28 weeks) and ELBWI (birth weight [BW] <1000 g), admitted within 72 h of birth in 33 neonatal intensive care units from five provinces and cities in North China between 2017 and 2018, were analyzed. The primary outcomes were delivery room resuscitation and risk factors for delivery room intubation (DRI). The secondary outcomes were survival rates, incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and risk factors for BPD. RESULTS: A cohort of 952 preterm infants were enrolled. The incidence of DRI, chest compressions, and administration of epinephrine was 55.9% (532/952), 12.5% (119/952), and 7.0% (67/952), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for DRI were GA <28 weeks (odds ratio [OR], 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.082-4.755), BW <1000 g (OR, 2.240; 95% CI, 1.606-3.125), and antepartum infection (OR, 1.429; 95% CI, 1.044-1.956). The survival rate was 65.9% (627/952) and was dependent on GA. The rate of BPD was 29.3% (181/627). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for BPD were male (OR, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.061-2.424), DRI (OR, 2.094; 95% CI, 1.328-3.303), respiratory distress syndrome exposed to ≥2 doses of pulmonary surfactants (PS; OR, 2.700; 95% CI, 1.679-4.343), and mechanical ventilation ≥7 days (OR, 4.358; 95% CI, 2.777-6.837). However, a larger BW (OR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996-0.999), antenatal steroid (OR, 0.577; 95% CI, 0.379-0.880), and PS use in the delivery room (OR, 0.273; 95% CI, 0.160-0.467) were preventive factors for BPD (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Improving delivery room resuscitation and management of respiratory complications are imperative during early management of the health of EPI and ELBWI.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; China/epidemiology* ; Delivery Rooms ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association of waist circumference (WC) with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. Methods: The baseline data were from Shanxi Province of 2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey. The death investigation and follow-up visit were conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. The visits covered up to 5,360 of 7,007 participants, representing a response rate of 76.5%. The Cox regression model and floating absolute risk were used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% floating of death by gender and age groups (≥ 60 and < 60 years old). Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding current smokers; participants with stroke, hypertension, and diabetes; participants who accidentally died; and participants who died during the first 2 years of follow-up. Results: This study followed 67,129 person-years for 12.5 years on average, including 615 deaths. The mortality density was 916 per 100,000 person-years. Low WC was associated with all-cause mortality among men. Multifactor-adjusted hazard ratios ( ) were 1.60 (1.35-1.90) for WC < 75.0 cm and 1.40 (1.11-1.76) for WC ranging from 75.0 cm to 79.9 cm. Low WC (< 70.0 cm and 70.0-74.9 cm) and high WC (≥ 95.0 cm) groups had a high risk of mortality among women. The adjusted s of death were 1.43 (1.11-1.83), 1.39 (1.05-1.84), and 1.91 (1.13-3.22). Conclusion WC was an important predictor of death independent of body mass index (BMI). WC should be used as a simple rapid screening and predictive indicator of the risk of death.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Obesity, Abdominal ; complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Waist Circumference ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for diabetes and hypertension. The present study aimed to examine the associations between adults'obesity risk and childhood and parental obesity. METHODS: A total of 204 children aged 6-17 years were recruited in 2002 with an average follow-up period of 13.2 years. Height and body weight were measured by trained staffs. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the Chinese standard for children and adults. T-test, analysis of variance, and Chi-square analysis were used for single factor analysis. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to perform multifactor analysis. RESULTS: The percentage of non-obese children who grew up to be non-obese adults was 62.6%, and that of obese children who grew up to be obese adults was 80.0%. There was a significant association between childhood body mass index (BMI) and adulthood BMI with a β regression coefficient of 3.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-6.16], and between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity with an odds ratio of 5.76 (95% CI: 1.37-24.34). There was no statistical difference between parental obesity at baseline and children's adulthood obesity, after adjustment of confounders. Male participants and those aged 10.0-13.0 years had a higher risk of adulthood obesity with odds ratios of 2.50 (95% CI: 1.12-5.26) and 3.62 (95% CI: 1.17-11.24), respectively. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity is an important predictor of adulthood obesity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult

The purpose of this study was to prepare T7 peptide modified vincristine loaded low density lipoprotein (T7-LDL-VCR) nanoparticles to penetrate through blood brain barrier for targeting the brain tumor cells. Firstly, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) nanoparticles were extracted and separated from human serum by density gradient centrifugation method, and then was loaded into the nanoparticle's lipid core by the dry film method, T7 peptide was covalent modified on the surface of the nanoparticles. T7-LDL-VCR was characterized by particle size, entrapment efficiency and peptide attachment efficiency. The fluorescent probe DiR was used to track the brain biodistribution of T7-LDL-VCR in mice bearing intracranial C6 glioma by means of in vivo imaging. The therapeutic effect of nanoparticles was observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, relative tumor volume and survival curve were determined in mice. The results showed that the mean size of the prepared T7-LDL-VCR nanoparticle was about 30 nm, encapsulation efficiency was 30.1%, and peptide attachment efficiency was 63.88%. As expected, the prepared preparation has good brain targeting and good effect on the treatment of glioma in mice:the relative tumor volumes of T7-VCR-LDL, LDL-VCR and VCR were 30%, 51.50% and 79.25%, respectively; the median survival time (36 days), which was 2, 1.85 and 1.38 fold higher than that of physiological saline, free VCR and LDL-VCR, respectively. This study suggests that dual modified hposomes possessed a better ability penetrating the blood brain barrier to target the brain tumor with significant antitumor activities.

BACKGROUNDDespite substantial progress toward measles control are making in China, measles outbreaks in immunocompromised population still pose a challenge to interrupt endemic transmission. This study aimed to investigate the features of measles in pediatric hematology and oncology patients and explore the reasons behind the outbreak.

METHODSWe collected demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data of immunocompromised measles children. All suspected measles cases were laboratory-confirmed based on the presence of measles IgM and/or identification of measles RNA. The clinical data were statistically analyzed by t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.

RESULTSFrom March 9 to July 25 in 2015, a total of 23 children with malignancies and post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) were notified to develop measles in Shanghai. Of these 23 patients with the median age of 5.5 years (range: 11 months-14 years), 20 (87.0%) had received 1-3 doses of measles vaccine previously; all patients had fever with the median fever duration of 8 days; 21 (91.3%) had cough; 18 (78.3%) had rash; 13 (56.5%) had Koplik's spot; 13 (56.5%) had complications including pneumonia and acute liver failure; and five (21.7%) vaccinated patients died from severe pneumonia or acute liver failure. Except the first patient, all patients had hospital visits within 7-21 days before measles onset and 20 patients were likely to be exposed to each other.

CONCLUSIONSThe outcome of measles outbreak in previously vaccinated oncology and post-HSCT pediatric patients during chemotherapy and immunosuppressant medication was severe. Complete loss of protective immunity induced by measles vaccine during chemotherapy was the potential reason. Improved infection control practice was critical for the prevention of measles in malignancy patients and transplant recipients.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Disease Outbreaks ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; immunology ; Infant ; Male ; Measles ; epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to describe changes in waist circumference (WC) and prevalence of abdominal obesity over a period of 10 years among Chinese adults in different socio-economic status (SES).

METHODSData derived from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance during 2002 and 2010-2012. We calculated the mean WC and the prevalence of abdominal obesity by gender, place of residence, SES indicators (education, income, and marital status), and body mass index (BMI) categoriesand used pooled t-tests to assess the differences between the two time periods.

RESULTS26.0% of men and 25.3% of women had abdominal obesity in 2010-2012. The age-adjusted mean WC increased by 2.7 cm among men and 2.1 cm among women; the age-adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity increased by 7.7% among men and 5.3% among women. The rising trends were observed in all subgroups except for a negative growth in high-income women. People living in rural areas with low education and income and with a BMI of 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2 had a greater absolute and relative increase in WC. People living in rural areas with low income had a greater relative increase in abdominal obesity.

CONCLUSIONThe mean WC and prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese adults have increased during the past 10 years. Gender differences were noted using various SES indicators.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Prevalence ; Social Class ; Waist Circumference ; Young Adult

Objective Long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) by three producers,each mixed with the same medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT),were compared with the brand MCT/LCT in causing focal necrosis of hepatocytes in beagle dogs (a bioequivalence evaluation).Methods 21 beagle dogs (male,0.7-1.5 years old,10-15 kg) were used in this study.According to the sources of the LCT,the animals were divided into Group A (LCT made in China),Group B (LCT made in Japan),Group C (LCT made in Germany),and the control group (the brand 10％ MCT/LCT).Central venous port was placed via the lumber vein of the animals under general anesthesia.After 2 weeks of rehabilitation,MCT/LCT was administered through this port for 28 days at 9 g/ (kg · d) [while the routine dose used clinically was 1 g/ (kg · d)].The laboratory indexes and the pathomorphism of the liver and kidney were studied single blindly.Results Laboratory tests,including liver and kidney function,blood coagulation function and lipid metabolism,did not identify differences among emulsions with different sources of LCT.Liver biopsy at day 28 showed no focal necrosis in Group C and the control group;there was minor damage in Group B;and Group A had obvious liver necrosis.and the pathological findings of other organs are similar.No significant difference was observed in biopsies of other organs.Conclusions Emulsions with different sources of LCT varied in their damage to the liver.Generics with LCT of higher quality were equivalent to the brand MCT/LCT in terms of safety.