We predicted the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) active components and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza based on network pharmacology. The active components of S. miltiorrhiza were obtained through TCMSP, PubChem database and literature research. The potential targets of the active components and HBV infection were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards databases, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by String database. Cytoscape software was adopted to construct a visual network of active component-disease target and perform topological analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using DAVID platform. The molecular docking of key components and core targets was carried out by AutoDock Vina software. We screened out a total of 38 active components and 178 disease-component overlapping targets. Enrichment analyses obtained 405 related GO items and 68 signaling pathways, such as T/B cell receptor signaling pathways, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and mTOR signaling pathway. According to the results of molecular docking, most characteristic components of S. miltiorrhiza (miltionone Ⅱ, miltirone, protocatechuic acid, lithospermic acid, protocatechualdehyde) showed good affinity with the key targets (PIK3CA, APP, STAT3,AKT1 and mTOR). Furthermore, the anti-HBV activity of lithospermic acid, the representative active component of S. miltiorrhiza, and its regulation on PI3K/AKT and mTOR signaling pathways were investigated in an HBV replicating mouse model. Animal welfare and experimental procedures follow the regulations of the Animal Ethics and Welfare Committee of Hubei University. The results showed that lithospermic acid significantly inhibited HBV DNA replication, reduced serum HBsAg and HBeAg levels, and decreased the phosphorylation protein expression levels of AKT and mTOR in liver, indicating that lithospermic acid might exert the anti-HBV activity by regulating PI3K/AKT and mTOR signaling pathways.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of cancer attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in China in 2016. Methods: Based on the cancer incidence and mortality rates, national population data, and population attributable fraction (PAF) in China, we calculated the number of incidence and death cases attributed to HPV infection in different areas, age groups, and gender in China in 2016. The standardized incidence and mortality rates for cancer attributed to HPV infection were calculated by using Segi's population. Results: In 2016, a total of 124 772 new cancer cases (6.32 per 100 000) were attributed to HPV infection in China, including 117 118 cases in women and 7 654 cases in men. Of these cancers, cervical cancer was the most common one, followed by anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, vaginal cancer, laryngeal cancer, oral cancer, and vulvar cancer. A total of 41 282 (2.03 per 100 000) deaths were attributed to HPV infection, of which 37 417 occurred in women and 3 865 in men. Most deaths were caused by cervical cancer, followed by anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, laryngeal cancer, vaginal cancer, oral cancer, and vulvar cancer. The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer increased rapidly with age, peaked in age group 50-54 years, then decreased obviously. The morbidity and mortality rates of non-cervical cancer increased with age. The cancer case and death numbers in rural areas (57 089 cases and 19 485 deaths) were lower than those in urban areas (67 683 cases and 21 797 deaths). However, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of cervical cancer were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. There were no significant differences in ASIR and ASMR of non-cervical cancers between urban areas and rural areas. Conclusions: The incidence of cancers attributed to HPV infection in China was lower than the global average, but the number of incidences accounted largely, furthermore there is an increasing trend of morbidity and mortality. The preventions and controls of cervical cancer and male anal cancer are essential to contain the increases in cancer cases and deaths attributed to HPV infection.
China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology* ; Penile Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Registries ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; Vulvar Neoplasms

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics of different types of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Beijing, and to clarify the clinical necessity of adenovirus typing. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 9 022 respiratory tract specimens collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection from November 2017 to October 2019 in Affiliated Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics were screened for HAdV by direct immunofluorescence (DFA) and (or) nucleic acid detection. Then the Penton base, Hexon and Fiber gene of HAdV were amplified from HAdV positive specimens to confirm their HAdV types by phylogenetic tree construction. Clinical data such as laboratory results and imaging data were analyzed for children with predominate type HAdV infection using t, U, or χ² test. Results: There were 392 cases (4.34%) positive for HAdV among 9 022 specimens from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection. Among those 205 cases who were successfully typed, 131 were male and 74 were female, age of 22.6 (6.7, 52.5) months,102 cases (49.76%) were positive for HAdV-3 and 86 cases (41.95%), HAdV-7, respectively, while 17 cases were confirmed as HAdV-1, 2, 4, 6, 14 or 21. In comparison of clinical characteristics between the predominate HAdV type 7 and 3 infection, significant differences were shown in proportions of children with wheezing (10 cases (11.63%) vs. 25 cases (24.51%)), white blood cell count >15 ×10⁹/L (4 cases (4.65%) vs.14 cases (13.73%)), white blood cell count <5×10⁹/L (26 cases (30.23%) vs.11 cases (10.78%)), procalcitonin level>0.5 mg/L (43 cases (50.00%) vs. 29 cases (28.43%)), multilobar infiltration (45 cases (52.33%) vs.38 cases (37.25%)), pleural effusion (23 cases (26.74%) vs. 10 cases (9.80%)), and severe adenovirus pneumonia (7 cases (8.14%) vs. 2 cases (1.96%)) with χ²=5.11, 4.44, 11.16, 9.19, 4.30, 9.25, 3.91 and P=0.024, 0.035, 0.001, 0.002, 0.038, 0.002, 0.048, respectively, and also in length of hospital stay (11 (8, 15) vs. 7 (5, 13) d, Z=3.73, P<0.001). Conclusions: HAdV-3 and 7 were the predominate types of HAdV infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection in Beijing. Compared with HAdV-3 infection, HAdV-7 infection caused more obvious inflammatory reaction, more severe pulmonary symptoms, longer length of hospital stay, suggesting the clinical necessity of further typing of HAdVs.
Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology* ; Adenoviruses, Human/genetics* ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology*

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of modified Guizhi Fulingwan in rats with uterine fibroids. Method:Seventy-two female adult SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into a model group， a normal group， and a preventive administration group. The model group and preventive administration group were established by estrogen and progestin loading method. After successful modeling， the rats in the model group were randomly divided into a western medicine group （mifepristone）， the high-dose traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） group， and a low-dose TCM group. All the rats were dosing as required once a day for 28 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the uterus. The micRNA gene chip was used to detect the expression profile of uterine micRNA gene. Differential expressions of micRNA were screened by bioinformatics methods. Gene function enrichment was used to predict the possible signaling pathways in rats with uterine fibroids by modified Guizhi Fulingwan. Result:Compared with the normal group， microRNA of the model group was 1 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated. Compared with the model group， microRNA of the high-dose group of TCM group was 2 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated， in the preventive administration group， 9 was up-regulated and 2 was down-regulated. Gene function enrichment analysis indicated that four signaling pathways were closely related to uterine fibroids. They were mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， Wnt signaling pathway， mammalian rapamycin target protein （mTOR） signaling pathway and vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway. Conclusion:Modified Guizhi Fulingwan affected the expression profile of micRNA in rat model of uterine fibroids induced by estrogen and progesterone， suggesting that modified Guizhi Fulingwan may involve in a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction and gene regulation in the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Objective: To explore the association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes among adults. Methods: The baseline data of China Kadoorie Biobank ( CKB ) study from Tongxiang of Zhejiang Province was used for analysis. Community residents were investigated in the study from August 2004 to May 2008, including questionnaire survey, physical measurement and biological sample test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of chronic hepatitis B virus infection with diabetes. Results: Totally 52 888 participants were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of HBsAg-positive was 3.55% ( N=1 877 ). The overall prevalence of diabetes was 5.17% ( N=2 733 ). The prevalence of HBsAg-positive in diabetic patients was 3.51% ( N=96 ). Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models indicated that there was no association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes（ P>0.05 ）. Conclusion No significant association has been found between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes among adults.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and determinants of folic acid (FA) supplementation in Chinese couples planning for pregnancy and in women during early pregnancy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on the Shanghai PreConception Cohort (SPCC) study. Data on FA supplementation and socio-demographic features were collected using questionnaires. Couples visiting clinics for pre-pregnancy examination and pregnant women at < 14 gestational weeks were recruited in Shanghai, China, between March 2016 and September 2018. Results: Among the pregnancy planners, 42.4% (4,710/11,099) women and 17.1% (1,377/8,045) men used FA supplements, while 93.4% (14,585/15,615) of the pregnant women used FA supplements. FA supplement use was higher in female pregnancy planners who were older ( : 1.13, 95% : 1.08-1.18), had higher education ( : 1.71, 95% : 1.53-1.92), and were residing in urban districts ( : 1.06, 95% : 1.01-1.11) of FA supplementation; female pregnancy planners with alcohol consumption ( : 0.95, 95% : 0.90-0.99) had lower odds of FA supplementation. In early pregnancy, women with higher educational level ( : 1.04, 95% : 1.03-1.06), who underwent pre-pregnancy examination ( : 1.02, 95% : 1.01-1.03) had higher odds of using an FA supplement; older aged ( : 0.99, 95% : 0.98-0.99), and multigravida ( : 0.97, 95% : 0.96-0.98) had lower odds of FA supplementation. Conclusion Although the majority of pregnant women took FA supplements, more than half of the women planning for pregnancy did not. Urgent strategies are needed to improve pre-conception FA supplementation.
Adult ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; analysis ; Female ; Folic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vitamin B Complex ; administration & dosage ; Young Adult

Gout is the second largest metabolic disease after diabetes, with a high incidence worldwide. Gout is a common and complex arthritic disease that, if left untreated, can damage joints and, in severe cases, lead to kidney stones and even life-threatening kidney failure. Although western medicine has also made significant achievements in the treatment of gout, it is often accompanied by gastrointestinal reactions, liver injury and other adverse reactions, and is prone to relapse after drug withdrawal, making the radical treatment of gout a difficult problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used in gout have relatively long history, TCM has the characteristics of multiple ingredients targets, not only can produce related enzyme activity by inhibiting the uric acid(UA) and lowering uric acid generation, also can reduce uric acid by promoting uric acid excretion, except the uric acid reduction most applied in gout neighborhood of TCM can effectively reduce joint inflammation. TCM is mild, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of gout is significantly lower than that of western medicine. Some TCM can even play a role while protecting the kidney, so TCM is expected to solve the problem of treating gout. In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted on the application of TCM in the gout neighborhood at home and abroad. By summarizing the studies on the application of TCM in the gout disease in the past 10 years, the mechanism of action and material basis have been summarized and analyzed, in the hope of providing references for the studies on the prevention and treatment of gout by TCM.

Objective:To analyze and compare the fishy components in raw, stir-fried, liquorice-processed, vinegar-processed and wine-processed products of Pheretima aspergillum, and explore the material basis and processing principle of fishy smell of P. aspergillum. Method:Heracles Ⅱ ultra-fasted gas chromatography electronic nose technology combined with chemometrics was used for the overall analysis of volatile components in raw P. aspergillum and its processed products. Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was used to analyze and identify the volatile compositions in the raw products and processed products. Gas chromatographic conditions were as following：temperature program (initial temperature at 60 ℃, kept for 5 min, up to 120 ℃ with the heating rate of 3 ℃·min^-1, and then up to 230 ℃ with the heating rate of 10 ℃·min^-1 and finished), the inlet temperature at 280 ℃, high purity helium as the carrier gas, the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1, the split ratio of 20∶1. Mass spectrum conditions were as following：electron impact ionization (EI), electron collision energy of 70 eV, ion source temperature of 230 ℃, quadrupole temperature at 150 ℃, scanning range of m/z 50-550. The relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization. Result:Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) of the electronic nose showed that the raw products and its processed products could be clearly distinguished from each other. Among them, the difference between raw products and stir-fried, liquorice-processed products was small, but the difference between raw products and vinegar-processed, wine-processed products was large. A total of 25, 27, 22, 26 and 33 components were respectively identified from raw, stir-fried, liquorice-processed, vinegar-processed and wine-processed products of P. aspergillum, there were 13 common components in these products, including 4 aldehydes (isovaleraldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, hexanal, benzaldehyde), 2 ketones (2-heptanone, 2-tridecanone), 1 carboxylic acid (lauric acid), 4 heterocyclic compounds (2-methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2-pentylfuran, 2-ethyl-6-methyl pyrazine), 1 amine (trimethylamine) and 1 alcohol (1-octen-3-ol). Conclusion:The odorous components in the raw products are mainly derived from aldehydes (isovaleraldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, 2-ethylhexanal, hexanal) and amines (trimethylamine). Odorous components of P. aspergillum can be reduced effectively by stir-fried and liquorice, vinegar, wine processing, while flavoring substances can be increased by wine processing to cover its ugly odor. This paper can provide scientific basis for the deodorization of P. aspergillum by processing, and also provide reference for the analysis and correction of ugly odor of other animal medicines.