Objective To evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of ibuprofen arginine granules test and reference formulations in Chinese healthy volunteers under fasting and postprandial conditions,and to provide evidence for consistency evaluation and clinical application of the drugs.Methods A single-center,single-dose,randomized,open-label,fasting and postprandial,two-period,two-crossover trial design was used.Twenty-four healthy Chinese volunteers were enrolled in the fasting and postprandial trial,respectively.The test preparation and reference preparation of ibuprofen arginine granules 0.4 g were taken orally in a randomized crossover single dose.Data analysis was performed using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.3.Results In the fasting group,the main pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen in plasma after administration of the test and reference formulations of ibuprofen arginine granules were as follows:Cmax were(51.07±7.43)and(50.10±7.64)μg·mL-1;AUC0-,were(122.78±20.62)and(119.94±21.03)μg·h·mL-1;AUC0_∞ were(125.84±21.31)and(122.64±21.87)μg·h·mL-1,respectively.In the postprandial group,the main pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen in plasma after administration of the test and reference formulations of ibuprofen arginine granules were as follows:Cmax were(17.47±3.56)and(17.89±4.47)μg·mL-1;AUC0-twere(114.33±17.12)and(122.13±29.46)μg·h·mL-1;AUC0_∞ were(134.04±36.72)and(133.96±30.35)μg·h·mL-1,respectively.The 90％confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of the two preparations were as follows:Cmax 97.96％-106.02％,AUC0_t 98.77％-105.14％,AUC0-∞ 99.34％-105.19％in fasting group;in postprandial group,Cmax was 92.37％-103.05％,AUC0-t was 93.31％-99.56％,AUC0-∞ was 93.89％-102.91％.Conclusion The test preparation and reference preparation of ibuprofen arginine granules in this study are bioequivalent in healthy adult Chinese volunteers.

Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the potential transmission risk of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province, and to provide strategic basis for the prevention and control. Methods　Based on the prevalence of schistosomiasis, the social and environmental factors that may lead to the epidemic, 1-3 villages from 3 provincial-level and 15 county-level counties (cities and districts) were selected as the evaluated villages in 2021. The risk of schistosomiasis spread was analyzed comprehensively by consulting, reviewing and collecting routine surveillance data of schistosomiasis in the villages, combined with snail and wild feces survey. The risk level was evaluated for the positive snails, positive wild feces, resident infection, average density of live snails and snail frame occurrence rate. Results　Totally 7 snail counties schistosomiasis transmission was blocked of 18 epidemic counties and the rest were eliminated counties. A total of 152 447 snail frames were investigated and 3 043 frames with snails, 15 895 snails were captured and included 15 727 live snails in the 32 evaluated villages. The total area of snail was 58.87 hm2 and the area of reoccurrence was 34.19 hm2 with snail frame occurrence rate of 2.00% and average density of live snails 0.103 2/0.11 m2, and no positive snails were found by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. A total of 1 374 wild feces were collected in 27 evaluated villages of 14 epidemic counties, mainly from cattle, dogs, sheep, equine animals, pigs and so on, all of which were negative. According to the risk assessment of epidemic spread, Yongle Village and Yongsheng Village in Eryuan County, Zhiming Village in Chuxiong City were Ⅱ risk, and the rest were Ⅲ risk. Conclusions　Although the risk of transmission is low in Yunnan Province, the risk of transmission and spread still exists. It is necessary to strengthen the risk monitoring, control of snail and effective management of livestock to prevent the rebound of the epidemic.

Objective To investigate the morphological variation of Oncomelania hupensis shells in Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the understanding of O. hupensis genetic evolution and control. Methods According to the O. hupensis density, geographical location, altitude, water system and environmental type, 12 administrative villages were sampled from 10 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts) in 3 prefectures (cities) of Yunnan Province as snail collection sites. From December 2021 to January 2022, about 200 snails were collected from each collection site, among which thirty adult snails (6 to 7 spirals) were randomly selected from each site, and the 11 morphological indexes of snail shells were measured and subjected to cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Results Of O. hupensis snails from 12 localities of Yunnan Province, the longest shell (7.33 mm) was detected in snails from Yongle Village, Eryuan County, with the shortest (4.68 mm) in Dongyuan Village, Gucheng District, and the largest angle of apex (59.47°) was measured in snails from Caizhuang Village, Midu County, with the smallest (41.40°) in Qiandian Village, Eryuan County. The mean coefficient of variation was 9.075% among O. hupensis snails from 12 localities of Yunnan Province, with the largest coefficient of variation seen in the thickness of the labra brim (29.809%). Among O. hupensis snails from 12 localities of Yunnan Province, the mean Euclidean distance was 2.26, with the shortest Euclidean distance seen between O. hupensis snails from Qiandian Village of Eryuan County and Wuxing Village of Dali City (0.26), and the largest found between O. hupensis snails from Caizhuang Village of Midu County and Cangling Village of Chuxiong County (8.17). Cluster analysis and principal component analysis classified O. hupensis snails from 12 localities of Yunnan Province into three categories, including the O. hupensis snail samples from Caizhuang Village of Midu County, O. hupensis snail samples from Cangling Village of Chuxiong County, and O. hupensis snail samples from Qiandian Village of Eryuan County, Wuxing Village of Dali City, Yangwu Village of Yongsheng County, Xiaoqiao Village of Xiangyun County, Yongle Village of Eryuan County, Xiaocen Village of Dali City, Anding Village of Nanjian County, Dongyuan Village of Gucheng District, Lianyi Village of Heqing County, and Dianzhong Village of Weishan County. The variations in these three categories of snail samples were mainly measured in the principal component 2 related to the angle of apex and the thickness of the labra brim. Conclusions The variations in the Euclidean distance and morphological features of shells of O. hupensis from 12 localities of Yunnan Province gradually rise with the decrease in the latitude of the collection sites. The angle of apex is an indicator for the growth of O. hupensis whorl.

Objective To assess the schistosomiasis transmission risk in Nanjing County, so as to provide the scientific evidence for the development of the schistosomiasis control strategy and consolidation of the control achievements. Methods On May 2019, the Deqiu Village in Deqiu Town and Baiyun Village in Nanjing Town of Yunnan Province, where schistosomiasis were historically relatively highly endemic, were selected to assess the risk of transmission of schistosomiasis by means of a retrospective review of the data pertaining to the historical endemic situation and schistosomiasis control, combined with a cross-sectional survey of snail and wild feces distribution. Results During the period between 2017 and 2018, the mean sero-prevalence rates of Schistosoma japonicum infections were 6.76% (202/2 990) and 2.86% (142/4 971) in humans and 0 (0/1 160) and 10.65% (31/291) in bovines in Deqiu and Baiyun villages of Nanjian County, respectively; however, no egg-positives were identified; in addition, there were 21.06 hm² snail habitats found, but no S. japonicum infections were detected in snails. In 2019, there was 6.17 hm² snail habitats detected, with 2.17% (245/11 298) occurrence of frames with snails and a 0.06 snails/0.1 m² density of living snails; however, no positives for nucleic acid detection were seen in snails; among the 136 wild fecal samples captures from 23 settings, no S. japonicum infections were identified. Conclusions The risk of schistosomiasis transmission remains at a low level in Nanjian County; however, the factors affecting the transmission of schistosomiasis have not been completed eliminated. The integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with an emphasis on the control of the source of S. japonicum infections requires to be reinforced to consolidate the control achievements.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase gene (ALOX5) rs2029253, rs2228064 and rs2228065 sites, 5-lipoxygenase activating protein gene (ALOX5AP) rs10507391, rs4769874 sites with the risk for genesis of adult myeloid leukemia. METHODS: By the approval from the hospital ethics committee and the informed consent of participants. 150 patients with myeloid leukemia (ML) as ML group and 134 healthy people as the control group were selected. The genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) combined with directly sequencing, PCR-amplified products were applied to test the polymorphism of 5 sites in ALOX5 and ALOX5AP gene. RESULTS: A allele frequencies of ALOX5 gene rs2029253 site in the ML group and the control group were 43.0% and 34.3%, respectively. And the G allele frequencies in the ML group and the control group were 57.0% and 65.7%, respectively. The genotype distributions of AA, AG and GG in ALOX5 gene rs2029253 site in the ML group were 32.2%, 21.5% and 46.3% respectively. That in the control group were 15.7%, 37.3% and 47.0% respectively. The genotype AA and A allele frequency of ALOX5 gene rs2029253 site were linked with the increased risk of myeloid leukemia (OR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.43-4.56, P＜0.05; OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.02-2.03, P＜0.05). And the genotype AG and allele G reduced the susceptibility to myeloid leukemia (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.27-0.78, P＜0.01; OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.98, P＜0.05), however, the polymorphisms of ALOX5 gene rs2228064 and rs2228065 site not correlated with the risk of myeloid leukemia (P＞0.05). The A allele frequency of ALOX5AP gene rs10507391 site in the ML group and the control group were 30.7% and 36.2% respectirely. The genotype distribution rates of AA, AT and TT in ALOX5AP gene rs10507391 site in the ML group was 1.3%, 58.7% and 40.0% respectively, that in the control group were 9.7%, 53.0% and 37.3% respectively. The genotype AA of ALOX5AP gene rs10507391 site correlated with the decreased risk of myeloid leukemia (OR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.57, P＜0.05), but the polymorphism of ALOX5AP gene rs4769874 site not correlated with the risk of myeloid leukemia (P＞0.05). CONCLUSION The genotype AA, AG and allele A, G of ALOX5 rs2029253, as well as ALOX5AP rs10507391 may be correlate with the susceptibility to myeloid leukemia.

Objective To investigate the application value of eye tracking in lie detection. Methods The 40 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The pupil diameter, fixation duration, points of fixation and blink frequency of the subjects in the experimental group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were recorded with eye tracker after they accomplished the mock crime. The eye movement parameters of subjects in the control group were directly collected. The differences in eye movement parameters of the experimental group and the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were analyzed by t-test. Pearson coefficient analysis of correlation between eye movement parameters that had differences was conducted. The effectiveness of eye movement parameters to distinguish between the experimental group and the control group was calculated by the receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve. Results Participants from the experimental group had shorter average pupil diameter, longer average fixation duration and fewer fixation points （P<0.05）, but the differences in blink frequency had no statistical significance. The differences in the above indicators of the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation had no statistical significance. The average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with fixation points （r=-0.255, P<0.05）; the average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with average pupil diameter （r=-0.218, P<0.05）; the fixation points showed a positive correlation with average pupil diameter （r=0.09, P<0.05）. The area under the curve of average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points was 0.603, 0.621 and 0.580, respectively. Conclusion The average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points obtained by the eye tracker under laboratory conditions can be used to detect lies.
Algorithms ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Lie Detection ; Pupil ; Time Factors

Objective To assess the effectiveness of infectious source control at various stages of transmission control of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the further monitoring and management of infectious sources of schistosomiasis. Methods Wenbi Village, a plateau subtype region and Qiandian Village, a mountain subtype region in Eryuan County were selected as the study areas. The species, schistosome infection and transmission capability of infectious sources were investigated in Wenbi and Qiandian villages in 2011 and 2018 and were compared. Results Schistosome infections were detected in human, bovine, horse, dog and mouse in Qiandian Village in 2011, with positive rates of 1.19%, 0.91%, 1.25%, 3.13% and 0.95%, respectively, and human, bovine and dog were found to have schistosome infections, with positive rates of 0.76%, 1.66% and 9.30%, respectively. However, no infections were identified in human, bovine, horse, pig, dog, sheep or mouse in these two villages in 2018. A total of 731 wild feces were collected in both villages in 2011. In Qiandian Village, horse, bovine and dog feces accounted for 34.40%, 29.80% and 20.20% of all fecal samples, and dog and horse feces were found to have schistosome infections (11.94% and 6.90% positive rates, respectively). In Wenbi Village, dog, bovine and human feces accounted for 44.59%, 39.83% and 14.29% of all fecal samples, and dog, human and bovine feces were found to have schistosome infections (16.95%, 9.52% and 2.33% positive rates, respectively). In 2018, a total of 204 wild feces were collected in both villages, and no schistosome infections were identified. Sheep, dog and bovine feces accounted for 36.27%, 33.33% and 27.45% of all fecal samples in Qiandian Village, and dog, bovine and human feces accounted for 72.55%, 11.76% and 10.78% of all fecal samples in Wenbi Village. Conclusions A remarkable achievement has been obtained in the control of infectious sources of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County, and the role of human and bovine as the major infectious sources of schistosomiasis has been effectively controlled. In the future, the integrated strategy with emphasis on the control of infectious sources should be intensified, and the management of reservoir hosts including dog and mouse should be strengthened.

A three-level (provincial, municipal and county levels) schistosomiasis diagnosis network platform had been created in Yunnan Province, and assessment of laboratory quality-control samples and field evaluation of nucleic acid diagnostic techniques and immunodiagnostic reagents had been performed. This paper described the review process of the schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory and the operation of schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory and analyzed the problems of the schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory in Yunnan Province. The establishment of the schistosomiasis diagnosis reference (network) laboratory will provide a strong support for schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province in the new era.

Objective To evaluate the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy. Methods Two villages were selected as the investigated sites in Chuxiong City and the risk of schistosomiasis transmission was evaluated by reviewing the data of schistosomiasis epidemic situation and prevention and control work, and carrying out the field survey for Oncomelania hupensis snail status, wild faeces, and schistosome infection of the population from 2015 to 2017. Results There was 1.49 hm² area of snail habitats, with an average density of 0.54 snails/0.1 m². The occurrence rate of frames with snails was 5.41%. No schistosome-infected snails were found. The positive rate of schistosomiasis serological tests of the residents was 3.36%, but the stool examination positive cases were not found. A total of 58 wild faeces samples were collected but no schistosome infested cases were found. The risk levels of schistosomiasis transmission in both villages were Grade III. Conclusions Although Chuxiong City has been in a low risk state of schistosomiasis transmission, the density of snails is still high, and there is a risk of infection source importation. In the future, the infection source control and snail control should be strengthened.

Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) . Methods: A retrospective study identified 91 patients diagnosed with ALCAPA at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from March 2010 to August 2017. According to the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at the time of consultation, patients were divided into the cardiac insufficiency group (n=54) and the normal cardiac function group (n=37). Clinical features (age of onset, clinical performance, etc) and auxiliary examinations (electrocardiogram, echocardiography, etc) between the two groups were compared using a t-test and a Chi-square test. Prognostic factors were analyzed by an ordered logistic regression and a Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: (1) The age of diagnosis of patients in the cardiac insufficiency group who were usually misdiagnosed as cardiomyopathy was (10.0±2.6) months (20/54) , whereas the age of diagnosis of patients in the normal cardiac function group who were usually misdiagnosed as valvular diseases was (40.0±7.8) months (4/37). According to the pathophysiological mechanism, forty of the 54 (74%) patients in the cardiac insufficiency group were infantile type, and 78% patients (29/37) in the normal cardiac function group were adult type. (2) Preoperative electrocardiogram showed the deep Q wave in lead I occurred more frequently in the cardiac insufficiency group than in the normal cardiac function group (28/54 vs. 11/37, χ²=4.388, P=0.036). (3) Twenty patients died in the cardiac insufficiency group including 12 patients who died from postoperative cardiac pump failure and 8 children who did not undergo surgery due to poor prognosis and died from other reasons. There was no death in the normal cardiac function group. (4) Preoperative LVEF was the unique risk factor affecting prognosis (F=16.872, P=0.005). The preoperative LVEF was significantly lower than the postoperative LVEF ((37±11)% vs. (45±14)%, t=3.614, P=0.001) in the cardiac insufficiency group. During the follow-up period, 6 patients in the cardiac insufficiency group still presented with postoperative cardiac dysfunction, and the patients in the normal cardiac function group still had normal cardiac function. Conclusions Preoperative LVEF was the unique risk factor affecting prognosis of ALCAPA. Patients with infantile type ALCAPA and preoperative cardiac insufficiency should receive long-term follow-up treatment.