Objective: The efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection on spasticity has usually been measured using the range of motion (ROM) of joints and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS); however, they only evaluate muscle tone at rest. We objectively analyzed the gait of three patients with hemiplegia using three-dimensional motion analysis and ground reaction force (GRF) systems to evaluate muscle tone during gait.Materials and Methods: We measured passive ankle dorsiflexion ROM with knee extension and the MAS score for clinical evaluation, and gait speed, stride length, single-leg support phase during the gait cycle, joint angle, joint moment, and GRFs for kinematic evaluation before and one month after BoNT-A injection.Results: All patients showed an increase in ankle dorsiflexion ROM, improvement in MAS score, and increase in stride length. Case 1 showed an increase in gait speed, prolongation of the single-leg support phase, increase in hip extension angle and moment, and improvement in the vertical and anterior-posterior components of the GRFs. Case 2 showed an increase in gait speed, improvement in double knee action, increase in ankle plantar flexion moment, and improvement in propulsion in the progressive component of the GRFs. Case 3 exhibited a laterally directed force in the GRFs.Conclusion: We evaluated the effects of BoNT-A injections in three patients with hemiplegia using three-dimensional motion analysis and GRFs. The results of the gait analysis clarified the improvements and problems in hemiplegic gait and enabled objective explanations for patients.

The patient was an 89-year-old male who underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge repair to the mitral valve using MitraClip for severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) one year earlier. Although two clips were implanted, grade III/IV MR still remained. As his heart failure progressed, he was referred to us for surgery. The patient also had aortic stenosis. He underwent mitral valve repair and aortic valve replacement. The postoperative course was uneventful. He was transferred to the referring hospital on postoperative day 14. When performing MitraClip for degenerative MR, it is important to consider carefully not only the operative risk for open surgery but also the anatomical adequacy of MitraClip. When MitraClip fails to control MR, early surgical intervention should be considered.

Objective: This study evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of pneumovaginoscopy-assisted radical hysterectomy (PVRH) for cervical cancer up to stage IIA using a bidirectional fascia-oriented and nerve-sparing surgical approach. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study examined the operative outcomes and prognoses of patients who underwent PVRH (n=59) for up to stage IIA cervical cancer. The basic procedure was Kyoto B2 (Viper Type II nerve-sparing) radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy through simultaneous vaginal and abdominal (open or laparoscopic) approaches. In all cases, pneumovaginoscopy (PV) was used to create a vaginal cuff and dissect the paracolpium and paracervical endopelvic fascia to minimize nerve damage. Results: Thirty-eight (64.4%) patients had stage IB1 cancer. Seven (11.9%) had vaginal invasion (stage IIA1, n=4; IIA2, n=3). The abdominal approach was open in 38 cases and laparoscopic in 21. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 24 patients (41%); one patient received concurrent chemoradiotherapy for gastric-type adenocarcinoma. There were three (6.1%) intraoperative complications (CO2 gas embolism [n=1], sigmoid colon musculosa injury [n=1], and ureteral injury [n=1]) and 8 (14%) postoperative complications (lymphedema with cellulitis [n=4], vaginal cuff dehiscence [n=1], sub-ileus [n=1], symptomatic lymphocyst [n=l], and ureterovaginal fistula [n=1]). The median urination recovery period was 3 days. Microscopic R0 was achieved in all cases. The median follow-up was 44.5 (2–122) months, and no recurrence occurred. Conclusion PVRH is a new fascia-oriented and nerve-sparing surgery for early-stage cervical cancer. Further, it has favorable operative outcomes and good prognoses, similar to those of adjacent pelvic surgery such as trans-anal total mesorectal excision and radical prostatectomy.

The survival rates of boys and men with cancer have increased due to advances in cancer treatments; however, maintenance of quality of life, including fertility preservation, remains a major issue. Fertile male patients who receive radiation and/or chemotherapy face temporary, long-term, or permanent gonadal damage, particularly with exposure to alkylating agents and whole-body irradiation, which sometimes induce critical germ cell damage. These cytotoxic treatments have a significant impact on a patient's ability to have their own biological offspring, which is of particular concern to cancer patients of reproductive age. Therefore, various strategies are needed in order to preserve male fertility. Sperm cryopreservation is an effective method for preserving spermatozoa. Advances have also been achieved in pre-pubertal germ cell storage and research to generate differentiated male germ cells from various types of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and spermatogonial stem cells. These approaches offer hope to many patients in whom germ cell loss is associated with sterility, but are still experimental and preliminary. This review examines the current understanding of the effects of chemotherapy and radiation on male fertility.
Alkylating Agents ; Cryopreservation ; Drug Therapy ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Fertility ; Fertility Preservation ; Germ Cells ; Gonads ; Hope ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Methods ; Quality of Life ; Radiotherapy ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; Stem Cells ; Survival Rate ; Whole-Body Irradiation

Obesity associated with unhealthy diet and lack of exercise is shown to contribute to the onset and/or aggravation of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, thus placing affected individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity, which causes insulin resistance and diabetes. Therefore, we identified adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) as the therapeutic target. It was suggested that, similarly to caloric restriction and exercise, activation of the AdipoRs may have the potential not only to improve lifestyle-related diseases but to contribute to prolonged the shortened lifespan on a high caloric unhealthy diet. To this end, we have identified "AdipoRon" as an adiponectin receptor agonist. Indeed, AdipoRon ameliorated diabetes associated with obesity as well as to increase exercise endurance, thus prolonging shortened lifespan of obese mice fed on a high fat diet. Additionally, we have recently determined the crystal structures of the human AdipoRs. The seven-transmembrane helices of AdipoRs are structurally distinct from those of G-protein coupled receptors. It is expected that these findings will contribute not only to the elucidation of the AdipoR-related signal transduction but to the development and optimization of AdipoR-targeted therapeutics for obesity-related diseases such as diabetes.
Adiponectin ; Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity* ; Plasma ; Receptors, Adiponectin ; Signal Transduction

A 36-year-old female with a high-grade fever and epigastric abdominal pain was prescribed antibiotics, but developed hypoxia and dyspnea. An echocardiography revealed diffuse hypokinesis and massive pericardial effusion, after which diagnostic cardiac catheterization and an endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) were peformed to reveal fibrosis and infiltration of inflammation cells composed primarily of neutrophils. Clinical manifestation of a spiking fever, leukocytosis, elevated ferritin levels, skin rash and EMB findings led to a diagnosis of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) with acute myocarditis. Pulse therapy of intravenous methylprednisolone was performed for three days, followed by a daily dose of prednisone (60 mg). After a course of steroid therapy for fever and pericardial effusion, and conducting a left ventricular ejection fraction, the patient showed improvement and was discharged asymptomatic within 32 days of admission. This study is the first to report on a case of myocarditis in AOSD diagnosed by neutrophil infiltration in the myocardium.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Anoxia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Exanthema ; Female ; Ferritins ; Fever ; Fibrosis ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Methylprednisolone ; Myocarditis* ; Myocardium ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils ; Pericardial Effusion ; Prednisone ; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset* ; Stroke Volume

The representative endoscopic features of primary intestinal follicular lymphoma are well known as small whitish polypoid nodules, but a magnified view has only been described in a few case reports. Herein, we report a case with intestinal follicular lymphoma in which magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging was helpful for prompt diagnosis. A 57-year-old Japanese woman underwent surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The endoscopic examination revealed confluent whitish granules in the duodenum, distinct from the nodules or polyps that are typical findings of intestinal follicular lymphoma. Magnifying endoscopy visualized whitish enlarged villi, and narrow band imaging emphasized an elongated and coiled vascular pattern. Based on these features, intestinal follicular lymphoma was highly suspected, and subsequent histological study confirmed the diagnosis. This case demonstrates that magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging was useful for the detection and prompt diagnosis of intestinal follicular lymphoma. The pathological features of intestinal follicular lymphoma are also discussed.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; Duodenum ; Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Polyps

A 39-year-old woman was referred for assessment of abnormality of on a CT scan with a vascular anomaly of the aortic arch. This patient was completely asymptomatic with no concomitant pathologies and no reported prior trauma. Laboratory data for syphilitic or other microbial infections were negative. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiographic computed tomographic scan with 3-dimensional reconstruction. This technique documented the presence of the aneurysm and the left subclavian artery arising from the unique form of aneurysm. Early surgery was preferred because of the young age of the patient and the morphology and the size of the aneurysm (50 mm). Surgery was performed by a left postero-lateral thoracotomy through the forth intercostal space. Femoro-femoral partial cardiopulmonary bypass was used for distal perfusion. An aortic clamp was placed just distal to the left carotid artery, and a second clamp was placed in the descending thoracic aorta. The aortic isthmus was replaced with a 20-mm Dacron graft, and the left subclavian artery was reimplanted to the prosthesis with an 8-mm Dacron graft interposition. This aneurysm was the result of abnormal organogenesis of a primitive aortic arch and the remnant of the dorsal aorta, in other words, Kommerell's diverticulum. Microscopic examination demonstrated severe medial layer atrophy. In the light of the high risk of rupture, which was proved to be present by the very thin aneurysm wall at the time of surgery, we suggest early surgical treatment of idiopathic isthmus aneurysms in young patients regardless of aneurysm diameter.