Objective: To understand the dynamic variation of BMI and influencing factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi). Methods: HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART for the first time since 1 January 2013 were selected. Data on BMI was analyzed among patients receiving HAART at baseline,6 months and 12 months after treatment. By using the general linear model repeated measures of analysis of variance, BMI dynamic variations and influencing factors were described and analyzed. Results: The average BMI of 2 871 patients at baseline, 6th months and 12th months appeared as (20.65±3.32), (20.87±3.22) and (21.18±3.20), respectively, with differences all statistically significant (F=18.86, P<0.001). BMI were increasing over time with treatments (F=37.25, P<0.001). Main influencing factors were noticed as: age, sex, marital status, baseline data of CD(4)(+)T cells and the WHO classification on clinical stages. Conclusions: Higher proportion of BMI malnutrition counts was seen among patients before receiving HAART in Liuzhou. BMI of the patients that were on HAART seemed being influenced by many factors. It is necessary to select appropriate treatment protocols on different patients so as to improve the nutritional status of the patients.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Body Mass Index ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China/epidemiology* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Marital Status ; Nutritional Status ; T-Lymphocytes

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the determinants of remission and discontinuation of paroxetine pharmacotherapy in outpatients with panic disorder (PD). METHODS: Subjects were 79 outpatients diagnosed with PD who took 10–40 mg/day of paroxetine for 12 months. The candidate therapeutic determinants included the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region and the −1019C/G promoter polymorphism of the serotonin receptor 1A as genetic factors, educational background and marital status as environmental factors, and early improvement (EI) at 2 weeks as a clinical factor were assessed. The Clinical Global Impression scale was used to assess the therapeutic effects of the pharmacotherapy. RESULTS: Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to investigate the significant predictive factors of remission and discontinuation. EI was only a significant predictive factor of remission. EI was a significant predictive factor of remission (hazard ratio [HR], 2.709; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.177–6.235). Otherwise, EI and marital status were significant predictive factors of the discontinuation. EI (HR, 0.266; 95% CI, 0.115–0.617) and being married (HR, 0.437; 95% CI, 0.204–0.939) were considered to reduce the risk of treatment discontinuation. In married subjects, EI was a significant predictive factor of the discontinuation (HR, 0.160; 95% CI, 0.045–0.565). However, in unmarried subjects, EI was not a significantly predictive factor for the discontinuation. CONCLUSION: EI achievement appears to be a determinant of PD remission in paroxetine treatment. In married PD patients, EI achievement also appears to reduce a risk of discontinuation of paroxetine treatment.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Marriage* ; Outpatients* ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic* ; Paroxetine* ; Patient Dropouts ; Remission Induction ; Serotonin ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Single Person ; Therapeutic Uses ; Treatment Outcome*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of menopause symptoms and associated factors in patients with breast cancer who were receiving hormone therapy. METHODS: Data were collected with questionnaires from 150 patients with breast cancer who had been on hormone therapy at a hospital in Seoul. Data were analyzed with the t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient to compare the degree of menopause symptoms by demographic, clinical and psychological factors. RESULTS: The mean menopause symptoms score was 13.39±7.97. Most participants reported having hot flushes and sweating (75.3%), physical and mental exhaustion (82.7%) and sexual problems (64.7%). Menopause symptoms and depression were correlated with each other (p < .01). Somato-vegetative symptoms were different significantly by age, menopausal status at time of operation, occupation and tumor. Psychological symptoms were different significantly by marital status, operation type and chemotherapy. Urogenital symptoms were different significantly by prior history of cancer, occupation, operation type and radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: These findings can be used to provide tailored nursing interventions by identifying high risk groups for menopausal symptom among breast cancer patients receiving hormone therapy.
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Medication Adherence ; Menopause ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Psychology ; Seoul ; Sweat ; Sweating

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to identify factors associated with the utilization of tests for diabetes complication and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among diabetes patients in Jeollanam-do, Korea. METHODS: The study subjects were 2,310 diabetes patients participated in 2014 community health survey in Jeollanam-do, Korea. Dependent variables were the utilizations of fundus examination, microalbuminuria test, and HbA1c test. The used statistical analysis methods were chi-square test and hierarchical regression analysis with weight in consideration of complex sample design. RESULTS: The utilization rates of fundus examination, microalbuminuria test, and HbA1c test were 25.8%, 27.4%, and 12.3%, respectively. In the results of hierarchical regression, fundus examination was significantly related to age, education level in predisposing factors, residential area in enabling factors and recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, and subjective health status in need factors. Microalbuminuria examination was significantly related to monthly income, residential area in predisposing and health screening, recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, diabetic education, number of chronic disease, and subjective health status in need factors. HbA1c examination was significantly related to age, education level, marital status in predisposing factors, residential area in enabling factors and drinking, recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, and diabetic education in need factors. CONCLUSION: The results of this study were shown that perception of their disease seriousness, education about diabetes management, and accessibility of tests were important to utilization of test for diabetes complication and HbA1c. It might be necessary to the develop and strength strategies for enhancing the utilization of tests for diabetes complication and management in diabetes patients.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Glucose ; Causality ; Chronic Disease ; Diabetes Complications* ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Drinking ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Risk Factors

INTRODUCTIONStudies examining mental health treatment dropout have primarily focused on Western populations and less so on Asian samples. The current study explored the prevalence and correlates of mental health treatment dropout across the various healthcare sectors in Singapore.

MATERIALS AND METHODSData was utilised from the Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS), a cross-sectional epidemiological survey conducted among an adult population (n = 6616) aged 18 years and above. Statistical analyses were done on a subsample of respondents (n = 55) who had sought treatment from the various treatment providers (i.e. mental health, medical, social services and religious healers) in the past 12 months. The World Mental Health (WMH) Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to determine diagnoses of mental disorders, chronic medical disorders and service utilisation.

RESULTSOf those who had received treatment, 37.6% had ended treatment prematurely, 23.2% had completed treatment and 39.2% were still in treatment. The religious and spiritual sector (83.1%) had the highest dropout, followed by the general medical sector (34.6%), mental health services sector (33.9%) and the social services sector (30%). Marital status emerged as the only sociodemographic factor that significantly predicted treatment dropout-with those who were married being significantly less likely to drop out than those who were single.

CONCLUSIONThe overall dropout rate across the various healthcare sectors was comparable to past studies. While the small sample size limits the generalisability of findings, the current study provides useful insight into treatment dropout in an Asian population.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Educational Status ; Employment ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Services ; utilization ; Humans ; Income ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Marital Status ; statistics & numerical data ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Mental Health Services ; utilization ; Middle Aged ; Patient Dropouts ; statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Sex Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Social Work ; statistics & numerical data ; Spiritual Therapies ; utilization ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current status of social support for HIV/AIDS patients under antiretroviral treatment (ART) and related factors in Wuhan.

METHODSSocial Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to analyze the current status of social support for HIV/AIDS patients under ART in Wuhan. Student's t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression model were used to identify the related factors.

RESULTSThe scores of subjective support, objective support, utilization of social support, and overall social support for 330 HIV/AIDS patients were significant lower than the national norm (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the subjective support (β' = -0.260), objective support (β' = -0.196) and overall social support (β' = -0.141) for the patients who were unmarried, divorced or widowed were worse than those for the patients who were married (P < 0.05). The patients with higher educational level had more objective support (β' = 0.250) and utilization of social support (β' = 0.232) than those with lower educational level (P < 0.05). The subjective support for patients without HIV related symptoms in the past two weeks was better than those with HIV related symptoms (β' = 0.232, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe current status of social support for HIV/AIDS patients under ART in Wuhan was worse than that for healthy people. More attention should be paid to HIV/AIDS patients with worse social support.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; Educational Status ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Marital Status ; statistics & numerical data ; Regression Analysis ; Social Support

OBJECTIVETo analyze survival time of AIDS death cases receiving Antiretroviral Therapy and related factors.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was carried out to collect the data on death cases receiving Antiretroviral Therapy by the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate the median survival time, and compare survival time among different groups of age, sex, marriage status, infectious routes, WHO clinical stage, baseline CD4(+)T cell counts, and interval time from the start of ART to HIV confirmation. Life table and survival curve were applied to describe survival distribution. Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the factors associated with the survival time.

RESULTSAmong 142 AIDS death cases, 125 (88.03%) were related with AIDS and 17(11.97%) were not. The total median survival time was 3.100 months (95%CI: 2.279-3.921). The cumulative survival rate was (52 ± 4)%, (33 ± 4)%, (26 ± 4)% in the first 3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months. The median survival time of married or cohabitation group was 2.670 months (95%CI:1.470-3.870), and single (unmarried, divorced, separation, widowed) group was 5.870 months (95%CI: 2.617-9.123). The median survival time of WHO clinical stage I or II group was 5.870 months (95%CI: 3.989-7.751), and WHO clinical stage III or IV group was 1.700 months (95%CI: 0.885-2.515). The median survival time of baseline CD4(+)T cell counts ≤ 50 /µl group was 1.670 months (95%CI: 0.759-2.581), and 51-199 /µl group was 4.400 months (95%CI: 2.735-6.065), and ≥ 200/µl group was 7.100 months (95%CI: 0.000-14.542). The survival time was significantly different among different baseline marital status groups, different WHO clinical stage groups, and different CD4(+)T cell counts groups. The mortality risk of Single (unmarried, divorced, separation, widowed) group was 0.641 times of the risk in married or cohabitation group. The mortality risk of WHO clinical stage III or IV was 1.856 times of the risk in stage I or II. The mortality risk of baseline CD4(+)T cell counts 51-199 /µl group was 0.582 times of the risk in ≤ 50 /µl group, and ≥ 200 /µl group was 0.551 times of the risk in ≤ 50 /µl group.

CONCLUSIONThe total median survival time was relatively short. Most AIDS deaths happened in the first 3 months or 3-6 months after they received Antiretroviral Therapy, and the mortality trend slowed down in the following months. Married or cohabitation, low-baseline CD4(+)T cell counts, or WHO clinical stage III or IV were found to be the risk factors associated with AIDS death cases receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: Non-completion rate of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was reported to be higher than expected and it could interfere with the effectiveness of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of treatment non-completion and to compare the effectiveness of CBT for OCD between completers and non-completers. METHODS: We studied 107 patients with a principal diagnosis of OCD who initiated a 13-week CBT for OCD from June 2004 to June 2011. Demographic and clinical characteristics, psychiatric co-morbidity, and medication of 20 participants who did not complete therapy were compared with those of treatment completers (n=87). Clinical Global Impression scores were also compared between the two groups in order to evaluate the effect of CBT for OCD at the 13th week. RESULTS: The results showed a difference in marital status between treatment completers and non-completers : more non-completers were not married (p=0.04). Patients with aggressive obsessions at baseline showed a trend (p=0.06) toward lower treatment completion than those with only non-aggressive obsession. In addition, the non-completer group showed a trend of not being medicated (p=0.08). No other differences were observed between completers and non-completers. The 13th week Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scores were significantly different ; completers (2.5+/-0.8) and non-completers (3.2+/-0.8) (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, we confirmed that CBT could affect symptom improvement of OCD and treatment non-completion interfered with effectiveness of CBT. However, in the current state of our knowledge, no factor is clinically applicable as a predictor of treatment non-completion. Therefore, these results suggest that clinicians should monitor compliance during CBT for OCD patients.
Cognitive Therapy* ; Compliance* ; Diagnosis ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Obsessive Behavior ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of the Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, Intensive Therapy (PLISSIT) model sexual health enhancement program on, and development in, sexual function, sexual distress, marital intimacy, and subjective happiness of women with gynecologic cancer and their husbands. METHODS: The comprehensive program (4 session, 90 minutes per session) was developed based on the PLISSIT model. Participants were 43 couples, 21 assigned to the experimental group who attended the 4-week program, and 22 to the control group. Sexual function, sexual distress, marital intimacy, subjective happiness of the women, marital intimacy, subjective happiness of husbands were determined by a questionnaire that was completed by the participants before and after the program. The control group received the intervention post experiment. Chi-square test, t-test, Fisher's exact test were used to test the effectiveness of the program. RESULTS: Post intervention results showed significant differences between the groups for sexual function, sexual distress, and marital intimacy in the women and for subjective happiness in the husbands. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the sexual health enhancement program is effective in improving sexual function, lowering sexual distress, increasing marital intimacy, and subjective happiness in women with gynecologic cancer and their husbands.
Adult ; Cognition ; Couples Therapy ; Emotions ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/*psychology ; Happiness ; Humans ; Marital Therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Program Evaluation ; Sexual Behavior ; Spouses/*psychology ; Women/*psychology

OBJECTIVETo discuss the factors that affect the clinical application of sex therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED).

METHODSUrological researchers recommended free sex therapy to ED patients and their partners in the outpatient department and studied the factors affecting the patients of Medicaid their partnersology, acceptance of sex therapy by interview and observation.

RESULTSMany patients refused sex therapy. Only 11 pairs of volunteers underwent it, of whom 5 pairs gave up halfway, 1 pair were stopped by the therapist due to the breakup of their marriage, and merely 5 pairs accomplished the whole course. Among the 5 pairs of quitters, 2 pairs thought of their problem as organic and turned to drug therapy, 1 pair withdrew because the patient's girlfriend broke up with him, 1 pair gave up because they lived in another city too far away from the clinic, and the other pair discontinued because they could not spare the time from their work.

CONCLUSIONSMany factors affect the clinical application of sex therapy for ED in China. Apart from the shortage of qualified professional sex therapists, some factors from the patients and their partners are at work, such as stress of work, lack of time, home location, education background, relationship between the patient and his partner, attitude to sex therapy, and so on.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Erectile Dysfunction ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Therapy ; methods ; Sex Counseling ; methods ; Sexual Partners