No abstract available.
Humans ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease ; Status Epilepticus

No abstract available.
Marchiafava-Bignami Disease ; Wernicke Encephalopathy

No abstract available.
Crohn Disease* ; Malnutrition ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease*

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare disorder of demyelination or necrosis of the corpus callosum. Mainly, MBD is associated with alcohol and malnutrition. We report a 60-year-old woman with no history of alcohol consumption or malnutrition who had MBD as a possible complication of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). The patient presented with a 2-month history of progressive gait unsteadiness, urinary incontinence, and forgetfulness, for which the patient underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery with remarkable improvement. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated hyperintensity in the body and splenium of corpus callosum when she was brought to the hospital again with rapid deterioration of her mental ststus. It might be postulated that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) might have contributed to the development of MBD although not measured in this patient, given that TNF-alpha, as a proinflammatory cytokine mediating demyelinating process have been found in be increased in the CSF of NPH.
Alcohol Drinking ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Corpus Callosum ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malnutrition ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease* ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Negotiating ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Urinary Incontinence ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Alcohol-related disorders are among the most costly health problems worldwide. Ingested alcohol is mainly metabolized by an oxidative pathway in the liver. Alcohol and its metabolic products (e.g., acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species) have toxic effects on multiple organs, especially the nervous system. The diverse mechanisms of alcohol-related neurologic disorders include the direct toxic effects of alcohol, the alcohol withdrawal effect, nutritional deficiency secondary to alcoholism, and abnormalities of serum electrolytes and osmolality. We analyzed 156 cases of alcoholrelated neurologic disorders among admitted patients that had been referred in Korea during the previous 10 years. The duration of alcohol consumption ranged from 0.5 to 47 years (mean=17.8 years) and the mean amount of alcohol intake per day was 245.5 g. The 156 patients had the following diseases: Wernicke's encephalopathy (n=81, 51.9%), peripheral neuropathy (n=68, 43.6%), delirium tremens (n=59, 37.8%), Rum fit (n=31, 19.9%), pellagra encephalopathy (n=29, 18.6%), Korsakoff's psychosis (n=22, 14.2%), cerebellar atrophy (n=11, 7.0%), and alcoholic myopathy (n=6, 3.8%). We report on these cases and review the literature on alcohol-related neurologic disorders.
Acetaldehyde ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium ; Alcoholic Neuropathy ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism ; Atrophy ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Malnutrition ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease ; Muscular Diseases ; Nervous System ; Nervous System Diseases ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxygen ; Pellagra ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Psychotic Disorders ; Wernicke Encephalopathy

No abstract available.
Alcoholism ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease

Marchiafava-Bignami disease(MBD) is a rare complication of chronic alcoholism characterized by symmetrical demyelination of the corpus callosum. We report a case of MBD in a Korean patient having chronic alcohol dependence. The patient exhibited mental depression, weakness of all four limbs and dysarthria. Laboratory data showed mild hyponatremia. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed unusual symmetrical resolving lesions of the putamen in addition to the typically observed lesion of the corpus callosum. The neurologic disturbances were gradually improved with the normalization of low plasma sodium levels. Marked improvement of abnormal MRI findings was noted after thiamine supplement, though the patient still exhibited severe cognitive impairment.
Alcoholism ; Corpus Callosum ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Depression ; Dysarthria ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease ; Plasma ; Putamen ; Sodium ; Thiamine

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is characterized by cerebral white matter lesions associated with chronic alcoholism. Premortem diagnosis of MBD is usually based on history and clinical manifestations. We report a case of acute MBD in which diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) showed high signal intensities along the white matter including the corpus callosum. DWI may be useful in premortem diagnosis of acute MBD.
Alcoholism ; Corpus Callosum ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease

Marchiafava-Bignami disease is a rare complication of chronic alcoholism and this malady typically manifests as callosal lesion. I report here on one patient with Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) who has symmetric restricted diffusion in both lateral-frontal cortices, in addition to the callosal lesion.
Alcoholism ; Corpus Callosum ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease*

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare alcohol-related disorder that results in progressive demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. The process may extend to the optic chiasm and tracts, cerebellar peduncle, subcortical resion, neighboring white matter, and rarely, cortical gray matter. We report a case of MBD in which fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed symmetrical hyperintense lesions in the cerebral cortex in addition to the callosal lesions.
Alcoholism/complications ; Brain/pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/*pathology ; Corpus Callosum/*pathology ; Demyelinating Diseases/pathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease/*diagnosis/*pathology/*therapy ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis/pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Optic Chiasm/pathology ; Seizures ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use