Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients diagnosed with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation complicated by atlantodental bony obstruction were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion. Details including surgical duration and blood loss volume were recorded. Radiographic data such as the anterior atlantodental interval, O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle, and clinical data including the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. The fusion time of the grafted bone and the development of complications were examined. Results: In patients undergoing anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, the surgical duration and blood loss volume were 120.1±16.4 minutes and 100.6±33.5 mL, respectively. The anterior atlantodental interval decreased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle increased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The JOA score during the latest follow-up significantly increased compared with that before the surgery (p <0.001). The improvement rate of the JOA score was 80.8%±18.1%. The fusion time of the grafted bone was 3–8 months, with an average of 5.7±1.5 months. In total, 11 patients presented with postoperative dysphagia and three with irritating cough. However, none of them exhibited other major complications. Conclusions Anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty can anatomically reduce the atlantoaxial joint with a satisfactory clinical outcome in patients with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with atlantodental bony obstruction.

Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients diagnosed with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation complicated by atlantodental bony obstruction were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion. Details including surgical duration and blood loss volume were recorded. Radiographic data such as the anterior atlantodental interval, O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle, and clinical data including the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. The fusion time of the grafted bone and the development of complications were examined. Results: In patients undergoing anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, the surgical duration and blood loss volume were 120.1±16.4 minutes and 100.6±33.5 mL, respectively. The anterior atlantodental interval decreased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle increased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The JOA score during the latest follow-up significantly increased compared with that before the surgery (p <0.001). The improvement rate of the JOA score was 80.8%±18.1%. The fusion time of the grafted bone was 3–8 months, with an average of 5.7±1.5 months. In total, 11 patients presented with postoperative dysphagia and three with irritating cough. However, none of them exhibited other major complications. Conclusions Anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty can anatomically reduce the atlantoaxial joint with a satisfactory clinical outcome in patients with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with atlantodental bony obstruction.

Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients diagnosed with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation complicated by atlantodental bony obstruction were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion. Details including surgical duration and blood loss volume were recorded. Radiographic data such as the anterior atlantodental interval, O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle, and clinical data including the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. The fusion time of the grafted bone and the development of complications were examined. Results: In patients undergoing anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, the surgical duration and blood loss volume were 120.1±16.4 minutes and 100.6±33.5 mL, respectively. The anterior atlantodental interval decreased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle increased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The JOA score during the latest follow-up significantly increased compared with that before the surgery (p <0.001). The improvement rate of the JOA score was 80.8%±18.1%. The fusion time of the grafted bone was 3–8 months, with an average of 5.7±1.5 months. In total, 11 patients presented with postoperative dysphagia and three with irritating cough. However, none of them exhibited other major complications. Conclusions Anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty can anatomically reduce the atlantoaxial joint with a satisfactory clinical outcome in patients with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with atlantodental bony obstruction.

Quantity is the key factor to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medicines. It is very important to study and determine the traditional measuring units and their quantity values of Tibetan medicine. Based on the literature records of Tibetan medicine and combined with modern experimental verification and investigation research, this study determined the reference, name, and conversion rate of traditional measuring units of Tibetan medicine. Meanwhile, through large sample sampling and repeated quantification of refe-rence of basic units, its weight and volume were clarified. The modern SI volume and weight unit values corresponding to the traditional volume and weight units of Tibetan medicine were deduced, and the correctness, reliability, and practicability of these determination results were demonstrated. This study also put forward some specific suggestions and reference values for formulating the standards of measuring units of weight and volume of Tibetan medicine. It is of great significance in guiding the processing, production, and clinical treatment of Tibetan medicine, and promoting the standardization and standardized development of Tibetan medicine.
Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Reproducibility of Results

This study aims to decipher the mechanism underlying the effect of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction on endometriosis(EMT)-associated dysmenorrhea in rats with the syndrome of cold coagulation and blood stasis based on mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinase 1/2(MSK1/2).We employed a random number table to randomly assign SPF female non-pregnant rats into the sham group, and treated the rest rats with autologous transplantation+refrigerator freezing for the modeling of the syndrome of cold coagulation and blood stasis.The modeled rats were then randomly assigned into the control group and high-, medium-and low-dose Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction groups.The rats in the low-, medium-, and high-dose decoction groups were respectively administrated with 9, 4.5, and 2.3 g·kg~(-1) decoction through gavage once a day for 2 consecutive weeks, and those in the control group were administrated with 0.24 mg·kg~(-1) gestrinone through gavage once every 3 days for 2 weeks.After that, the size of ectopic focus in each rat was measured via laparotomy.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was adopted to determine the expression of interleukin(IL)-6, IL-10, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of MSK1/2 and dual-specificity phosphatase 1(DUSP1) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) to determine the mRNA levels of the two genes in rat eutopic endometrial tissue.Compared with the sham group, the model group showed increased levels of IL-6, PGE2, and TNF-α while decrease level of IL-10 in the serum(P<0.01).Compared with the model group, the high-and medium-dose decoction groups and the gestrinone group had declined levels of IL-6, PGE2, and TNF-α while risen level of IL-10 in the serum(P<0.01).The model group had lower protein levels and mRNA levels of MSK1/2 and DUSP1 in the eutopic endometrial tissue than the sham group(P<0.01). The high-and medium-dose decoction groups and the gestrinone group had higher protein and mRNA levels of MSK1/2 and DUSP1 in the eutopic endometrial tissue than the model group(P<0.01).The results indicated that Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction can regulate the abnormal expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and DUSP1 via MSK1/2 to alleviate EMT-associated dysmenorrhea in rats with the syndrome of cold coagulation and blood stasis.
Animals ; Female ; Rats ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use* ; Cytokines ; Dinoprostone ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Dual-Specificity Phosphatases ; Dysmenorrhea/genetics* ; Endometriosis/genetics* ; Gestrinone/therapeutic use* ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-6 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/therapeutic use* ; Mitogens/therapeutic use* ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*

Objective: To investigate the association between blood pressure and all-cause mortality in Shanxi, China. Methods: The '2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey' baseline data in Shanxi province was used. A retrospective investigation was performed in 2015. The effects of SBP and DBP on the all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox regression model. The hazard ratio ( Results: The follow-up rate was 76.52% over 13 years, while the cumulative mortality rate for all participants was 917.12/100,000 person-years. The mortality rose with an increasing SBP ( Conclusion Adults with SBP > 160 mmHg and DBP > 100 mmHg had a higher mortality risk. Sex and age difference was noted in both DBP and mortality risk.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hypertension/mortality* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality/trends* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the sensitivity of Culex pipiens pallens to common chemical insecticides in the southwestern region of Shandong Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of reasonable and effective mosquito control measures. Methods The resistance of Cx. pipiens pallens larvae to 5 chemical insecticides, such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate were tested by using the WHO biological test method in 2018, and the co-toxicity coefficients after compounding the above-mentioned insecticides were tested by using a drug compounding method. Results The resistance indexes of Cx. pipiens pallens to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate in 3 cities were 144.43–557.54, 118.17–445.33, 6.44–19.00, 2.37–8.10, and 0.88–2.98, respectively, and expect the difference between the DDVP resistances of Cx. pipiens pallens in Jining City and Heze City was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), all the other differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The synergistic coefficients of cypermethrin + DDVP, cypermethrin + propoxur, DDVP + acetofenate, and propoxur + acetofenate were 199.58 – 456.95, 190.56 – 292.37, 123.32 – 319.24, and 192.31 – 367.32, respectively. The lower synergism was observed by using the mixture of DDVP + propoxur (synergistic coefficient: 99.87–108.36) . Conclusions After decades of chemical control, Cx. pipiens pallens in the southwestern region of Shandong Province has produced different degrees of resistance to common chemical insecticides. Therefore, comprehensive control measures should be taken to control mosquito breeding and prevent the development of insecticide resistance.

Objective To explore the characteristics of gene sequence of mtDNA-COⅠof Culex pipiens pallens from differ-ent geographical regions in Shandong Province and different resistant strains from the lab and five common mosquito species, and analyze the genetic diversity of these mosquitoes.Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected from Jinan,Jining,Qingdao cities and other places in Shandong Province.The sensitive,dichlorvos-resistant,pyrethroid-resistant and propoxur-resistant strains were reared in the lab.Five species of mosquito(Cx.pipiens pallens,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,Anopheles sinensis,Aedes al-bopictus,and Armigeres subalbatus)were collected from Jining City and identified in the lab.mtDNA-COⅠwas specifically am-plified by PCR and sequenced.The gene sequences were compared and analyzed by the biological information systems,and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.Results The amplified mtDNA-COⅠfragments of Cx.pipiens pallens from eight different cit-ies and four different resistant strains were 528 bp in length,with 67.4% A+T contents and two mutation sites.The nucleotide se-quence homology among the different geographic strains was 99.95% and the gene sequences of the four resistant strains were the same,showing a high homogeny.The amplified mtDNA-COⅠfragments of the five species of mosquitoes were 528 bp with 408 conserved sites,120 variable sites,42 parsimony informative sites and 78 singleton sites. The A+T contents were between 65.7% and 68.0%.The nucleotide sequence homology among the different mosquito species was between 86.17% and 92.05%,and the molecular identification was consistent with the traditional morphological identification. The molecular phylogenetic study showed that the different species were clustered at their own branch at the species and genus levels,while genera Armiger-es was distantly related to the others.Conclusion mtDNA-COⅠcould not serve as the molecular marker to analyze the popula-tion genetic variation and phylogenesis of Cx.pipiens pallens from different geographical regions and different resistant strains, but it has species and genus specificities,which could be used for the identification of the mosquito species and genus.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the flavonoids of callus of transgenic and non-transgenic Saussurea involucrate and its antitumor activity on the esophageal cancer CaEs-17 cells. The species and content of mono-phenols were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The growth of human esophageal cancer CaEs-17 cells was detected using CCK-8 assay, apoptosis morphology observation and flow cytometry. Expression of related apoptotic genes Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by qPCR. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in the transgenic callus was 2.72 times that of the non-transgenic callus. The cyanidin-galactoside was detected in the transgenic callus, but not in the non-transgenic callus. The inhibitory effect of the extracts from the transgenic callus on CaEs-17 cells was more significant than that of the non-transgenic callus, and the IC₅₀ value had a decreased of 26.4%. Flow cytometry analysis results showed that the apoptosis induction effect of the extracts from the transgenic callus on CaEs-17 cells was significantly better than that of the non-transgenic callus. Fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis results showed that the extracts from the transgenic callus could up-regulate the expression of proapoptotic gene Bax and down-regulate the expression of apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and the regulation effect of the transgenic callus was more significant. Therefore, compared with the non-transgenic callus, the antitumor activity of the extracts from the callus of transgenic S. involucrate on the esophageal cancer CaEs-17 cells was significantly increased, which was closely related to the accumulation of cyanidin-galactoside and its metabolism-related flavonoid compounds in the transgenic callus.
Apoptosis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Phenols ; Plant Extracts ; Saussurea