Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective: To understand the comparability of noise measurement results of various occupational hygiene technical service organizations in Guangdong Province by conducting inter-laboratory comparison of measuring instruments and personnel operation. Methods: In October 2020, the instrument comparison and personnel comparison among 91 occupational hygiene technical service organizations engaged in noise measurement in Guangdong Province were carried out in the form of fixed-point measurement and simulated workplace measurement, and the results were analyzed and evaluated by using the robust z-ratio score. Results: In the instrument comparison, 6 organizations had 1 or 2 outliers in their z-ratio scores, 2 organizations had 2 problematic values in their z-ratio scores, and a total of 8 organizations (accounting for 8.8%) were judged as unqualified; A total of 83 organizations (accounting for 91.2%) with satisfactory z-ratio scores or only one problematic value were judged as qualified. In the personnel comparison, there were 11 organizations with 1 or 2 outliers in the z-ratio score, and 1 organization with 2 problematic values in the z-ratio score. A total of 12 organizations (13.2%) were judged as unqualified and 79 organizations (accounting for 86.8%) with satisfactory z-ratio scores or only one problematic value were judged as qualified. Through comprehensive judgment, 20 organizations (22.0%) were judged as unqualified, and 71 organizations (78.0%) were judged as qualified. There was no statistically significant difference in the qualified rates of instrument comparison results, personnel comparison results and comprehensive evaluation results of non-private organizations and private organizations (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the qualified rates of instrument comparison results and comprehensive evaluation results of qualified organizations and unqualified organizations (P>0.05), there was significant difference in the qualified rate of personnel comparison results (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The noise measurement results of some occupational health technical service organizations in Guangdong Province are generally comparable. To carry out inter-laboratory comparison of noise instrument performance and personnel operation ability of occupational hygiene technical service organizations, can comprehensively evaluate the testing process of each organization and find out the problems existing in each organization.
Humans ; Workplace ; Occupational Health Services ; Organizations ; Hygiene ; Workforce ; Noise, Occupational

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify novel plasma biomarkers for distinguishing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients from healthy individuals who have positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA-IgA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-four plasma cytokines were analyzed by a Cytokine Array in eight healthy individuals with positive EBV VCA-IgA and eight patients with NPC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) in NPC cell lines and tumor tissues. Plasma MIF and CCL3 were measured by ELISA in 138 NPC patients, 127 EBV VCA-IgA negative (VN) and 100 EBV VCA-IgA positive healthy donors (VP). Plasma EBV VCA-IgA was determined by immunoenzymatic techniques. RESULTS: Thirty-four of the 174 cytokines varied significantly between the VP and NPC group. Plasma MIF and CCL3 were significantly elevated in NPC patients compared with VN and VP. Combination of MIF and CCL3 could be used for the differential diagnosis of NPC from VN cohort (area under the curve [AUC], 0.913; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 80.30%), and combination of MIF, CCL3, and VCA-IgA could be used for the differential diagnosis of NPC from VP cohort (AUC, 0.920; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 84.00%), from (VN+VP) cohort (AUC, 0.961; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 92.00%). Overexpressions of MIF and CCL3 were observed in NPC plasma, NPC cell lines and NPC tissues. CONCLUSION: Plasma MIF, CCL3, and VCA-IgA combination significantly improves the diagnostic specificity of NPC in high-risk individuals.
Biomarkers* ; Blotting, Western ; Capsid* ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Cohort Studies ; Cytokines ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages* ; Plasma* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tissue Donors

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular mechanism of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction (YZD) n-butanol extracts (ZDC) and ethyl acetate extracts (YSYZ) in reducing androgen in porcine granulose cells by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

METHODSPorcine granulose cells were isolated and cultured. They were inoculated by MAPK inhibitor PD98059 at different concentrations, and then they were divided into the blank control group (0), 1, 3, 10, and 25 micromol/L groups. After 24-h culture the cytochrome P450c17a (CYP17) mRNA expression level was detected using Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Contents of androgen (testosterone) in the supernate were detected using RIA and optimal PD98059 concentration screened. After intervened by 10 micromol/L PD98059 for 24 h, the culture solution was intervened by effective ingredients of with or without YZD or YSYZ at various concentrations (0, 1 , 5, 25, 50 mg/mL) at various time points (3, 6, 18, 24 h). Expression levels of p-ERK1/2, c-Fos and CYP17 were detected by Western blot. Testosterone content in the supernate was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

RESULTSTen pLmol/L PD98059 could obviously decrease p-ERK1/2 protein expression and increase CYP17 mRMA expression, and elevate testosterone content in the supernate (P < 0.05). ZDC and YSYZ at 25 ng/mL could increase p-ERK1/2 protein expression and c-Fos levels, and reduce CYP17 protein expression, and lower testosterone content in the supernate after 6-h intervention (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEffective ingredients of YZD could reduce androgen production in porcine granulose cells through increasing activities of MAPK.

Androgens ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; Granulosa Cells ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of local injection with autoallergic platelet rich plasma (PRP) or autoallergic whole blood (AWB) for the treatment of chronic tennis elbow.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to January 2014, 40 patients with chronic tennis elbow were divided into 2 groups, 20 cases in each group: PRP group and AWB group. There were 20 patients in PRP group treated with local injection of autoallergic platelet rich plasma, including 5 males and 15 females, with an average age of (47.50 ± 9.86) years old; and the average course of disease was (4.67 ± 3.27) months. Among the 20 patients in AWB group treated with local injection of autoallergic whole blood, 3 patients were male and 17 patients were female, with an average age of (46.50 ± 9.96) years old;and the average course of disease was (4.53 ± 2.27) months. The elbow joint was fixed with elastic stockings after injection. All the patients were guided to do strengthening and extension exercises during the follow-up period. Visual analog scale (VAS), Mayo scores for elbow and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were used to evaluate clinical effects after injection immediately and 4,8 weeks after treatment. Results:All the patients were followed up,there were no infections and swelling occurred. The VAS, Mayo and PPT scores of patients in PRP group were improved from pre-therapy 7.22 ± 1.32, 56.71 ± 10.90 and 17.47 ± 4.62 to 2.73 ± 1.00, 91.59 ± 6.95 and 21.35 ± 4.80 respectively 8 weeks after treatment. The VAS, Mayo and PPT scores of patients in AWB group were improved from pre-therapy 7.16 ±1.27, 54.72 ± 8.36 and 17.06 ± 4.83 to 3.81 ± 1.36, 82.06 ± 7.89 and 20.12 ± 4.97 respectively 8 weeks after treatment. All the pain and functional variables including VAS, PPT, and Mayo scores were improved significantly in both groups 4 weeks after injection. On the 4th week after injection, there was no statistically significant difference in PPT between two groups; while the VAS and Mayo score of AWB group were lower than those of PRP group. On the 8th week after injection, the VAS of AWB group was higher than that of PRP group; but the Mayo and PPT scores of AWB group were lower than those of PRP group.

CONCLUSIONPRP and AWB injections are both effective to treat chronic lateral epicondylitis. Compared with AWB injection, PRP injection may be more effective in releasing pain and improving function for a longer time.

Adult ; Blood Transfusion ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Threshold ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Tennis Elbow ; therapy ; Visual Analog Scale

Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Diphosphates ; metabolism ; Glioma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; Mutation ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods ; Templates, Genetic ; ras Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of hemoperfusion (HP) on tylenol poisoned patients.

METHODSUrgently established the blood access by transfemoral catheterization of femoral vein, we used charcoal hemoperfusion by blood pump and dynamically monitored the plasma concentration of tylenol active ingredients for the 2 patients and the content of tylenol active ingredients in the charcoal was determined.

RESULTSPlasma concentration of tylenol active ingredients of the 2 patients was declined gradually during and after the HP management. The acetaminophen serum concentration of the case 1 was declined from the 13.4 µg/L at the start of HP to the 5.81 µg/L at the end of HP; and the case 2 was declined from 51.1 µg/L to 22.3 µg/L. The adsorption amount of acetaminophen in the blood perfusion device are respectively 119 542 µg of case 1 and 33 2154 µg of case 2.

CONCLUSIONEarly hemoperfusion should be carried out for acute tylenol poisoning patients if there were indications, hemoperfusion can clear the tylenol active ingredients and this is an effective measure to eliminate tylenol active ingredients.

Acetaminophen ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; poisoning ; Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; poisoning ; Drug Overdose ; therapy ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; blood ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDIt has been 11 years since newborn screening started in Zhejiang in 1999. The aim of this study was to analyze and summarize the status of newborn screening in Zhejiang from 1999 to 2009.

METHODSBlood samples were collected from the heels of newborns 72 hours after birth. We have conducted laboratory tests that the congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and circulating levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was detected. Blood phenylalanine (Phe) was detected for phenylketonuria (PKU). Dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay (DELFIA) was used for detection.

RESULTSFrom 1999 to 2009, 3 875 228 newborns were screened and 2309 cases were confirmed as CH and 155 cases were confirmed as PKU. The incidence of CH and PKU were 1:1678 and 1:25 001 respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn 11 years, the Zhejiang newborn screening center screened more than 3.8 million newborns, and helped more than 2000 CH and PKU patients to obtain early treatment in order to prevent physical disability and mental retardation.

China ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; methods ; Phenylketonurias ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction (YJZYD) on the serum estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), ovarian follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), steroid hormone acute regulator protein (StAR) mRNA expressions in female rats.

METHODSFifty PCOS rats were equally divided into 5 groups, i. e., the control group (C, normal PNA rats), the model group (M), the low dose YJZYD group (Y1), the medium dose YJZYD group (Y2), and the high dose YJZYD group (Y3), 10 in each. The levels of serum hormones were detected using radioimmunoassay. The morphological changes of the ovary were observed using HE method. The expressions of FSHR, IGF-1, and StAR mRNA were detected using RT PCR.

RESULTSCompared with Group C, serum T and 17-OHP significantly increased (P < 0.01), E2 significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the expressions of FSHR, IGF-1, and StAR mRNA significantly decreased in Group M (P < 0.01). Compared with Group M, the serum T level significantly decreased (P < 0.01), 17-OHP decreased (P < 0.05), and E2 significantly increased in Group Y3 (P < 0.01). The expressions of FSHR, IGF-1, and StAR mRNA increased in Group Y1, Y2, and Y3. The increase was most obvious in Group Y3 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSYJZYD could lower the hyperandrogenemia of PCOS rats. It also could increase the ovarian expressions of FSHR, IGF-1, and StAR mRNA, improve the ovarian functions, and promote the follicular development.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ; blood ; Androgens ; blood ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Ovary ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, FSH ; blood ; Testosterone ; blood