School is a densely populated place, which can easily lead to tuberculosis clusters, then affect the physical and mental health of students and the normal teaching order of school. Tuberculosis latent infection (LTBI) screening for new students and close contacts of tuberculosis patients has become important parts of school tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Previous studies have shown that the LTBI rate of Chinese in-school students is about 5.74% to 11.67%, and there are differences in gender, studying phase and urban-rural distributions. Preventive treatment is an effective measure to prevent LTBI from developing into active tuberculosis, but the proportion of LTBI preventive treatment for students in most areas is low. The difficulties in implementing preventive treatment may be attributed to concerns about adverse reactions to medication and sense of shame towards illness among students, and lack of awareness about preventive treatment among medical staff. This review searches the research literature published from 2016 to 2023, and summarizes the prevalence of LTBI in Chinese students and progress on preventive treatment, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of tuberculosis among students.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypomethylating agents (HMA) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) .Methods:A total of 409 MDS patients from 45 hospitals in Zhejiang province who received at least four consecutive cycles of HMA monotherapy as initial therapy were enrolled to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HMA. Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in the clinical data. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to analyze the factors affecting efficacy and survival. Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis. Results:Patients received HMA treatment for a median of 6 cycles (range, 4-25 cycles) . The complete remission (CR) rate was 33.98% and the overall response rate (ORR) was 77.02%. Multivariate analysis revealed that complex karyotype ( P=0.02, OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.84) was an independent favorable factor for CR rate. TP53 mutation ( P=0.02, OR=0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.77) was a predictive factor for a higher ORR. The median OS for the HMA-treated patients was 25.67 (95% CI 21.14-30.19) months. HMA response ( P=0.036, HR=0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.95) was an independent favorable prognostic factor, whereas complex karyotype ( P=0.024, HR=2.14, 95% CI 1.10-4.15) , leukemia transformation ( P<0.001, HR=2.839, 95% CI 1.64-4.92) , and TP53 mutation ( P=0.012, HR=2.19, 95% CI 1.19-4.07) were independent adverse prognostic factors. There was no significant difference in efficacy and survival between the reduced and standard doses of HMA. The CR rate and ORR of MDS patients treated with decitabine and azacitidine were not significantly different. The median OS of patients treated with decitabine was longer compared with that of patients treated with azacitidine (29.53 months vs 20.17 months, P=0.007) . The incidence of bone marrow suppression and pneumonia in the decitabine group was higher compared with that in the azacitidine group. Conclusion:Continuous and regular use of appropriate doses of hypomethylating agents may benefit MDS patients to the greatest extent if it is tolerated.

Objective To investigate the serum C-type lectin domain family 4 member G(CLEC4G)level and its clinical value in patients with Atopic Dermatitis(AD).Methods The blood samples of 60 AD patients and 29 control patients were collected,and CLEC4G,Interleukin-33(IL-33),total immunoglobulin E(tIgE),specific IgE(specific IgE),and eosinophil levels were detected.The correlation between CLEC4G level and clinical data of AD patients and IL-33 was analyzed.The risk of AD was evaluated by Logistic regression analysis of CLEC4G,IL-33 and other indicators.Results Compared with the control group,the serum CLEC4G level in AD patients was significantly decreased(359.4±57.3 vs.521.8±48.1)pg/mL.There was no significant difference in CLEC4G level between child-hood,adolescent and adult,male and female AD patients.Compared with tIgE≤100 kU/L group,CLEC4G level was significantly decreased in 100～200 kU/L group and tIgE≥200 kU/L group,but there was no significant difference between 100～200 kU/L group and tIgE≥200 kU/L group.Serum CLEC4G level decreased significantly only in the moderate AD group,but had no significant difference among the other groups.The serum level of IL-33 was increased in AD patients,but there was no significant correlation between CLEC4G and IL-33(r = 0.090,P = 0.495).Age less than 14 years old and IL-33 were risk factors for the incidence of AD,with OR values of 2.756 and 1.241,95%CI of 1.076～7.060 and 1.030～1.495,respectively.CLEC4G was a protective factor for AD(OR = 0.890,95%CI:0.809～0.979).Conclusion CLEC4G may be a protective factor independent of IL-33 mediated AD pathogenesis.

Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) potentially triggers airway inflammation by activating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a key modulator in inflammation. However, the function and specific mechanisms of SIRT2 in PM2.5-induced airway inflammation are largely understudied. Therefore, this work investigated the mechanisms of SIRT2 in regulating the phosphorylation and acetylation of p65 influenced by PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Results revealed that PM2.5 exposure lowered the expression and activity of SIRT2 in bronchial tissues. Subsequently, SIRT2 impairment promoted the phosphorylation and acetylation of p65 and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway. The activation of p65 triggered airway inflammation, increment of mucus secretion by goblet cells, and acceleration of tracheal stenosis. Meanwhile, p65 phosphorylation and acetylation, airway inflammation, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were deteriorated in SIRT2 knockout mice exposed to PM2.5. Triptolide (a specific p65 inhibitor) reversed p65 activation and ameliorated PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of PM2.5 exposure. Triptolide inhibition of p65 phosphorylation and acetylation could be an effective therapeutic approach in averting PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Animals ; Inflammation ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Particulate Matter/toxicity* ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 2/metabolism* ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regularity of ADR induced by Iobitridol injection,and to provide reference for clinical drug use.METHODS:In retrospective study,the information of 72 patients suffering from ADR induced by Iobitridol injection were collected from our hospital during Jul.2015 to Jul.2016,and then statistical analysis was conducted in respects of age,gender,primary disease,organs/system involved in ADR,clinical manifestations,relationship evaluation and degree,occurrence time,outcomes,etc.RESULTS:Among 72 cases of ADR,the number of female was about twice of that in male.The age mainly distributed in the range of 50 to 80 years old (80.56％).ADR mainly occurred in skin and its appendants (30.57％),followed by systemic reactions (22.93％) and circulatory system (21.66％).ADR occurred within 20 min after medication (38.89％).58.33％ of ADR patients were cured,and 41.67％ were recovered.CONCLUSIONS:During the application of Io bitridol injection,a detailed understanding should be obtained about the patient's condition,medical history and the results of the examinations.Medical staff should inform the patient of the possible allergic symptoms,and do a good emergency preparation.

There has been no specific therapeutic measures for acute lung injury /acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ALI/ARDS) , a disease of high fatality rate.Besides having good curative effects for the cardiovascular system diseases, cancer, obesity and preventing aging, traditional Chinese herbal medicines also have obvious therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS.In this paper, we summari-zes the protection and the underlying mechanisms of traditional Chinese herbal medicines on ALI/ARDS.

Objective To optimize refinement of water extract from Bushen Yangxue Granules by chitosan flocculation.Methods According to the content of icariin detected by HPLC, the waters amount, extraction time and extraction times were evaluated by orthogonal design. The effects of the solution concentration, clarifying temperature and the amount of clarifying agent on the flocculation clarification processes were optimized with the content of icariin and polysaccharides.Results The optimum water extraction processes A2B1C3 were follows: 10 times amount of water, three times extraction and 1 h for each extraction process. The optimized flocculation clarification processes A1B2C3 were as follows: solution concentration was 0.4 g/mL, the clarifying temperature was 40℃ and the addition of chitosan was 0.1%.Conclusion The optimized refining process is stable and feasible.

Objective To explore the application of allergen detection in children with recurrent asthma and its clinical signifi‐cance .Methods The clinical data of 524 cases of children with recurrent asthma in this hospital ,from February 2013 to February 2015 ,were retrospectively analysed .According to age ,these children with recurrent asthma were divided into three groups:250 ca‐ses were enrolled into infants group(0- <1 years old) ,150 cases enrolled into cheepers group(1- <3 years old) ,124 cases were enrolled in children group (≥3 years old) .Children in the three groups were treated with allergen detection ,and positive rates and distribution of allergens were compared among three groups .Results The total positive rate of allergen detection was 39 .69%(208/524) .The positive rate of allergen detection was the highest in children group(66 .13% ) ,and the lowest in infants group (24 .00% ) ,and there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates among the three groups(P<0 .05) .The top 3 common allergens were milk ,household dust mite and cat dander .The positive rates of household dust mite and house dust were the highest in children group ,but lowest in infants group ,there were statistically significant differences in the positive rate among the three groups(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Allergen detection is particularly important for children with recurrent asthma ,which not only could quickly find the etiology of asthma and identify children who are susceptible to asthma ,but also provide references for early intervention in childhood asthma .

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of the newborns who failed initial hearing screening by analysing the distortion production otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) results of 1021 newborns with potential risk factors of hearing loss. METHOD: All newborns, who were born in obstetrical department and admitted in the neonatal department of the Nanfang Hospital during June 2009 to January 2012 and underwent initial hearing screening, were included in this study. Their clinical data and DPOAE results were analyzed retrospectively in order to identify the risk factors for failure of initial hearing screening in infants; cases who failed the DPOAE test were followed up by telephone interviews. RESULT: (1) One hundred and thirty-seven cases (13.42%) of the 1021 newborns did not pass the hearing screening. 51 cases (5.00%) did not pass the test in both ears. Meanwhile, left ear in 47 cases (4.60%) and right ear in another 39 cases (3.82%) failed the test respectively. (2) Univariate analysis showed that 14 factors had significant influence on the hearing screening results, such as birth weight, small for gestational age, multiple pregnancy, gestational age, delivery mode, oligohydramnion, oxytocin, blood sugar level of newborn, Apgar scores at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid, maxillofacial deformity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal asphyxia (P < 0.01). (3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that birthweight less than 1500 g, multiple pregnancy, Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid and maxillofacial deformity were risk factors for failure of initial hearing screening (OR were 3.132, 1.808, 2.615, 1.827 and 12.174 respectively; 95% CI were 1.466-6.691, 1.120-2.917, 1.317-5.336, 1.130-2.953 and 1.986-74.632 respectively). (4) Results of telephone interviews revealed that Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min would be a risk factor of language development. CONCLUSION Birthweight less than 1500 g, multiple pregnancy, Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid and maxillofacial deformity are risk factors of failure of initial hearing screening among newborns with potential hearing loss. Monitoring of the hearing condition of the infants at risk should be strengthened.
Deafness ; diagnosis ; Female ; Hearing Disorders ; diagnosis ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

Objective To carry out the comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching in pediatric nursing based on putting the students at the center position and evaluate the teaching effect . Methods Four classes from 6 parallel classes of undergraduate students of nursing major in 2010 Grade were chosen and randomly divided into the control group (n=90) and the experimental group (n=107).The control group received the traditional experiment teaching , and the experimental group received the comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching .The score of theoretical test and practical ability were evaluated , and the feeling in the comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching was investigated in two students.Results The score of theoretical test was (88.81 ±10.19) in the experimental group, and was (85.12 ±13.14) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.25, P<0.05).The scores of 8 kinds of pediatric nursing comprehensive experimental examination in the experimental group were better than those of the control group .Most students gave affirmation to the comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching .Conclusions The comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching in pediatric nursing based on putting the students at the center position can improve the students ’ learning effect .