Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist that is applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as enhance the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translation of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and completeness of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is based on the best practices following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, and it interprets, explains, and elaborates in Chinese the fifth part of the comprehensive version of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (the original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). This section includes the items 6-11 of Recommended 11 section, covering "Animal Care and Monitoring", "Interpretation/Scientific Implications", "Generalisability/Translation", "Protocol Registration", "Data Access" and "Declaration of Interests". Its aim is to promote a comprehensive understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines among domestic researchers, to enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and to promote high-quality development of experimental animal sciences and comparative medicine research in China.

【Objective】 To investigate the main causes of blood donor deferral in domestic blood center. 【Methods】 The causes of donor deferral were classified into 12 categories as previous medical history, drug use, alcohol consumption, menstrual period, underweight, abnormal blood pressure, abnormal body temperature, abnormal hemoglobin (Hb), lipemic blood, positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and others according to the comparison indicators of Asia-Pacific Blood Network (APBN) and the national standard Blood Donor Health Examination Requirements. The relevant data of the top 3 causes of donor deferral, voluntarily reported by the members of Practice Comparison Working Group of China’s Mainland Blood Collection and Supply Institutions from 2014 to 2019, were collected and a histogram was generated. 【Results】 The median donor deferral rate of 20 domestic blood centers from 2014 to 2019 was 12.14%, with the lowest at 0.18% and highest at 32.32%, respectively. The top three causes for donor deferral were elevated ALT, abnormal Hb and abnormal blood pressure in year 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2019; elevated ALT, lipemic blood and abnormal blood pressure in 2016; elevated ALT, abnormal Hb, and lipemic blood in 2017. 【Conclusion】 The main causes of donor deferral were elevated ALT, abnormal Hb, abnormal blood pressure and lipemic blood.

Xenotransplantation is one of the potential approaches to mitigate the shortage of donor kidneys. With the progress of gene modification techniques and the development of immunosuppressant, significant progress has been made in the preclinical research of genetically modified pig to non-human primate (NHP) xenotransplantation. The longest survival time of recipients exceeds 500 d. However, the number of recipients surviving for over 1 year is extremely low, and most recipients die within postoperative 1-2 months. Therefore, several problems remain to be clarified and resolved. In this article, rejection, refractory coagulation dysfunction, persistent inflammation, the selection of immunosuppressant, the selection of clinical recipients and the risk of cross-infection in genetically modified pig to NHP xenotransplantation were reviewed, and current problems and potential solutions of genetically modified pig to NHP xenotransplantation were summarized, aiming to provide reference for promoting xenotransplantation in clinical settings.

Background Under the background of global climate change, temperature has increased dramatically. Most studies about association between temperature and human health are conducted in low-altitude areas, but rarely focus on plateau areas. Objective To examine the association between temperature and non-accidental mortality risk in Tibet Plateau, China and to identify vulnerable populations for formulating targeted policies of climate change adaptation. Methods The mortality data, meteorological data, and pollutant data of Tibet area between 2013 to 2019 were collected. Based on time-stratified case-crossover design, conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the exposure-response relationship between temperature and cause-specific mortality, which was linearized to obtain excess risk for 1 ℃ change; attributable fraction was calculated for assessing burden attributable to temperature; and stratified analyses were further conducted by gender, age (＜65 years old, ≥65 years old), and causes of death (cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting model parameters and variables. Results A total of 26 045 non-accidental deaths were collected in Tibet during 2013 and 2019, and the P₅₀ of temperature was 5.0 ℃. The non-accidental mortality risk increased as temperature become colder. A 1 ℃ decrease in temperature was associated with a 2.01% (95%CI: 0.94%-3.07%) increase in total non-accidental mortality, while the association changed to 2.05% (95%CI: 0.62%-3.47%) for male and 1.96% (95%CI: 0.34%-3.56%) for female, both of statistial significance; 1.45% (95%CI: −0.10%-2.98%) for the people <65 years old (not of significance) and 2.52% (95% CI : 1.04%-3.99%) for the people ≥65 years old (of significance); the excess risk for cardiovascular mortality was 2.65% (95%CI: 1.03%-4.24%), for cerebrovascular mortality was 3.70% (95%CI: 0.74%-6.57%), both of statistical significance, and for respiratory mortality was 2.18% (95%CI: −0.14%-4.44%), without significance. The total attribution number of non-accidental mortality was 5340 (95%CI: 2719-7528), and the total attributable fraction was 20.50% (95%CI: 10.44%-28.91%). The attributable fractions were higher in specific subgroups like male (20.72%), people ≥65 years (23.33%), and people with cardiovascular diseases (26.07%). Conclusion The exposure-response relationship between temperature and non-accidental mortality in Tibet showes that the non-accidental mortality risk increase as temperature become colder. The attributable burden of disease is heavy. Residents being male, ≥65 years, with cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases may be vulnerable to nonoptimal temperature.

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, there have been concerns about the impact of vaccines on people's fertility, including the fertility of those who are currently preparing for pregnancy and those who might become pregnant in future. However, there is still a lack of research on the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on male fertility, and it is not surprising that couples and donors have concerns regarding vaccination. In this study, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine semen quality before and after receipt of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. There were no statistically significant changes in semen parameters (volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, and total progressive motile count) after two doses of vaccine (all P > 0.05). In summary, our study updates the most recent studies on the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on male fertility, and the information from this study could be used to guide fertility recommendations for assisted reproductive technology (ART) patients and donors.
COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Inactivated

Liver transplant is an unreplaceable method for benign end-stage liver disease. The risk evaluation for the waiting list recipients and for post-transplant survival could provide practical indication for organ allocation. In recent years, there are two major kinds of evaluation scores. The first kind of evaluation scores is based on model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score,including SOFT/P-SOFT score,UCLA-FRS score and BAR score. The other evaluation system is based on the concept of acute-on-chronic liver failure,including CLIF-C-ACLF score,TAM score,AARC-ACLF score and COSSH-ACLF score. The scores based on ACLF have been shown superior power in predicting waiting list survival and post-transplant prognosis than MELD. This article reviews the two kinds of evaluation scores,aiming for the better allocation policy and the better prognosis of benign end-stage liver disease.

Liver transplant is an unreplaceable method for benign end-stage liver disease. The risk evaluation for the waiting list recipients and for post-transplant survival could provide practical indication for organ allocation. In recent years, there are two major kinds of evaluation scores. The first kind of evaluation scores is based on model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score,including SOFT/P-SOFT score,UCLA-FRS score and BAR score. The other evaluation system is based on the concept of acute-on-chronic liver failure,including CLIF-C-ACLF score,TAM score,AARC-ACLF score and COSSH-ACLF score. The scores based on ACLF have been shown superior power in predicting waiting list survival and post-transplant prognosis than MELD. This article reviews the two kinds of evaluation scores,aiming for the better allocation policy and the better prognosis of benign end-stage liver disease.
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure ; End Stage Liver Disease/surgery* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index

Objective To investigate the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1/2 in T cell subsets and myeloma cells in the bone marrow from newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients and their relation with clinical features. Methods We collected the bone marrow and clinical data of 22 NDMM patients and 18 cases of healthy controls. We sorted CD4⁺T cells, CD8⁺T cells and myeloma cells by flow cytometry, and observed the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1/2. Results Compared with the control group, the proportion of CD8⁺T cells in the NDMM group was significantly higher, while the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ was significantly lower (both P < 0.05). The expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L2 in CD4⁺T cells in the NDMM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both P < 0.05). The expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in T cell subsets and myeloma cells of NDMM patients were not correlated with the gender, age, immune typing, Durie-Salmon stage and subtypes, ISS stage or mSMART3.0 stratification (both P > 0.05). Conclusion Most of MM patients suffering immune abnormality, which may be associated with the mutual immunosuppressive effects between T lymphocytes and plasma cells which expressing PD-1 and PD-L1/2.

Objective: To understand the survival status and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) among drug users in Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang from 2005 to 2019, so as to provide references for reducing AIDS mortality. Methods : The demographic information, clinical stage, baseline CD4+T lymphocyte ( CD4 ) level and treatment status of HIV/AIDS patients with HAART in Yili Prefecture from 2005 to 2019 were collected through AIDS Antiretroviral Therapy Information System. The survival rate was calculated by the life table method. The influencing factors for survival time were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Totally 1 935 patients were recruited, the median age receiving HAART was 37 years old and the median CD4 counts was 293/μL. The cumulative survival rates at 1, 5, 7 and 10 years were 97%, 78%, 73%, and 66%, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the patients with body mass index of 18.5-<28.0 kg/m2 ( HR: 0.391-0.656, 95%CI: 0.234-0.958 ), baseline CD4>200/μL ( HR: 0.354-0.667, 95%CI: 0.232-0.841 ) , or missed medication in the last 7 days ( HR=0.009, 95%CI: 0.001-0.061 ) had lower risk of death; the patients with WHO clinical stage of Ⅱ-Ⅳ ( HR: 1.479-2.311, 95%CI: 1.004-3.288 ) or treatment delay ≥1 years ( HR: 1.287-1.388, 95%CI: 1.029-1.826 ) had higher risk of death. Conclusions The 5-year cumulative survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients with HAART in Yili Prefecture is 78%. Body mass index, baseline CD4 level, WHO clinical stage, treatment delay and missed medication in last 7 days were the influencing factors for survival time.

Objective:To investigate the effects of thrombolytic therapy time on serum inflammatory factors, cathepsin S, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Methods:The clinical data of 119 patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction who received thrombolytic therapy in the People's Hospital of Taierzhuang District of Zaozhuang from January 2019 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were assigned to three groups according to different time points at which thrombolytic therapy was performed: group A (the time from onset to thrombolytic therapy ≤ 3 hours, n = 27), group B (3 hours < the time from onset to thrombolytic therapy ≤ 6 hours, n = 39), group C (6 hours < the time from onset to thrombolytic therapy ≤ 12 hours, n = 53). Recanalization rate, recanalization time, ST segment resolution rate at 2 and 12 hours, serum levels of inflammatory factors [including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)], cathepsin S, CTGF, LVEF, and LVEDD, and incidence of cardiovascular adverse events. Results:Recanalization time in group C was (148.73 ± 15.37) minutes, which was significantly longer than that in groups A and B [(89.34 ± 8.95) minutes, (98.76 ± 9.33) minutes]. Recanalization rate and ST segment resolution rate at 2 and 12 hours in group C were 45.28%, (40.17 ± 4.77) %, (73.92 ± 8.24) %, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the groups A and B [96.30%, 79.49%, (47.42 ± 5.12)%; (83.68 ± 9.33)%, (43.56 ± 4.87)%, (78.73 ± 8.44)%] ( t/ χ2 = 248.088, 4.244, 20.204, 11.146, 18.508, 19.861, 6.271, 4.789, 17.995, 10.932, 3.339, 4.111, 4.100, 3.828, 3.100, 2.244, all P < 0.05). At 2 and 12 hours after thrombolytic therapy, IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels in group C were (23.29 ± 2.12) ng/L, (27.03 ± 2.75) ng/L, (6.49 ± 2.37) mg/L, (22.73 ± 2.05) ng/L, (26.24 ± 2.37) ng/L and (6.01 ± 2.53) mg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in groups A and B ( t = 54.578, 54.578, 10.638, 8.584, 8.735, 5.199, 7.909, 7.171, 3.597, 1.382, 1.584, 1.008, 7.237, 5.190, 4.364, 8.829, 11.114, 2.585, 3.172, 6.815, 2.196, all P < 0.05). At 2 and 12 hours after thrombolytic therapy, cathepsin S and CTGF levels in group C were (29.97 ± 3.98) μg/L, (30.03 ± 4.79) μg/L, (28.05 ± 2.13) μg/L, (28.29 ± 4.31) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in groups A and B [(31.74 ± 3.56) μg/L, (29.87 ± 4.91) μg/L; (20.81 ± 2.35) μg/L, (16.94 ± 3.46) μg/L; (30.95 ± 3.79) μg/L, (29.93 ± 4.95) μg/L; (26.37 ± 2.44) μg/L, (21.46 ± 4.79) μg/L, t = 93.870, 68.555, 15.039, 12.562, 6.345, 7.679, 3.096, 1.966, 13.882, 3.514, 11.863, 7.164, 9.239, 4.199, all P < 0.05). At 2 and 12 hours after thrombolytic therapy, LVEF and LVEDD in group C were (42.81 ± 4.77)%, (52.64 ± 4.71) mm, (43.13 ± 5.11)%, (51.57 ± 4.01) mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in groups A and B [(42.61 ± 4.58)%, (52.31 ± 4.47) mm, (46.33 ± 4.35)%, (47.75 ± 3.41) mm, (42.73 ± 4.79)%, (52.79 ± 4.76) mm, (44.79 ± 4.44)%, (49.93 ± 3.73) mm, t = 4.285, 9.193, 3.060, 4.214, 1.970, 2.953, 0.333, 1.259, 2.779, 1.626, 4.229, 1.996, 1.404, 2.416, all P < 0.05). The total incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was 7.41%, 12.82% and 33.96% in groups A, B and C, respectively ( χ2 = 4.383, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The earlier the thrombolytic therapy time after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, the higher the recanalization rate and ST segment resolution rate, the milder the inflammatory reaction, atherosclerosis, the better the cardiac remodeling, the better the recovery of cardiac function, and the lower the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events.