Humans ; Ulcer/pathology* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Skin Diseases

Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lipids ; Male ; Physical Fitness ; Universities

Objective: To analyze the burden of disease (BOD) on diabetes attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Data based on population of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study for China were used to analyze the attributable fractions (PAF) of BOD for diabetes attributable to high BMI. Measurements for attributable BOD of diabetes included disability adjusted life years (DALY), years of lost life (YLL), years living with disability (YLD), death number and mortality rate. The average world population from 2010 to 2035 was used as a reference. Results: In 2016, death number of diabetes attributable to high BMI was 40 310, which was significantly higher than that in 1990 (15 008). Age-standardized death rate of diabetes attributable to high BMI increased from 2.01/100 000 in 1990 to 2.60/100 000 in 2016, which showed a more significant increasing trend in both males and people aged 15-49 years. DALYs of diabetes attributable to high BMI increased from 1.09 million person years to 3.30 million person years. YLL and YLD also showed increasing trends. The highest increasing rate of YLD was in people aged 15-49 years. High BMI was responsible for 26.01% of the diabetes deaths in 2016 in China, an increase of 39.39% compared with that in 1990 (18.66%). Most provinces in China experienced a sharp increase of DALY of diabetes attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2016. Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Macao SAR, Sichuan and Qinghai had the most significant increase tendency in terms of DALY rate during this period. Conclusions: There was a rapid increase of the deaths and mortality rate of diabetes attributable to high BMI, causing a heavy disease burden, in China from 1990 to 2016. The BOD varied in both different age and gender groups. More attention should be paid to males and people aged 15-49 years in the prevention and control programs of diabetes.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Cost of Illness ; Diabetes Mellitus/ethnology* ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Macau ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Sickness Impact Profile ; Young Adult

Objective: To understand the associations between changes of high air temperature and mortality in summer in 31 cities in China. Methods: Daily mortality and meteorological data in 31 cities in China from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013 were collected. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the association between high air temperature change and mortality in early summer and late summer after controlling for the long-term trend and the effect of "day of week" . Results: The relative risk of high air temperature on mortality was higher in early summer, with relative risk in the range of 1.08-2.14 in early summer and 1.03-1.67 in late summer. In early summer, the influence of high temperature on mortality was mainly below 5(th) of percentile and above 50(th) of percentile, while in late summer it was mainly above 95(th) of percentile. The lag effect of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was 6 days, while the lag effect in late summer was only about 2 days. Conclusions: Association existed between high air temperature and mortality. The influence of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was stronger than that in late summer. It is necessary to take targeted protection measures.
Air Pollution ; China ; Cities ; Hot Temperature/adverse effects* ; Mortality ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Temperature

Objective: To assess the disease burden on uterine fibroids in China in 1990 and 2016. Methods: Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Burdens of uterine fibrosis among different age groups and provinces were measured in 1990 and 2016, with key indicators including number of cases, prevalence rates, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and the rates of DALY. The WHO world standard population, 2010-2035 was used to calculate the age- standardized rates. Results: In 1990 and 2016, there were 13 695 567 and 27 169 312 women aged 15 years and older, suffered from uterine fibrosis respectively, with prevalence rate as 2.48% and 4.10%, DALY as 146 045.05 life years and 281 976.67 life years, and the DALY rate as 26.40/100 000 and 42.50/100 000, in 1990 and 2016 respectively. Both the prevalence rate and the DALY rate increased with age, reaching the peak on the 45-49 years-old, in both 1990 and 2016. Women aged 40-54 years accounted for 55.60% (1990) and 66.74% (2016) of the total cases while 48.37% (1990) and 60.65% (2016) of the total DALY. The first three provinces with highest DALYs were Shandong (1990: 12 574.67 life year; 2016: 22 728.12 life year), Henan (1990: 10 849.29 life year; 2016: 18 454.32 life year) and Jiangsu (1990: 10 501.55 life year; 2016: 18 274.10 life year), while the three provinces with leading standardized DALY rates were Heilongjiang (1990: 48.20/100 000; 2016: 47.00/100 000), Shanxi (1990: 44.50/100 000; 2016: 47.70/100 000) and Tianjin (1990: 43.80/100 000; 2016: 46.40/100 000) in both 1990 and 2016. Compared with 1990, the number of cases with uterine fibroids increased by 13 473 745 (with rate of change as: 98.38%), standardized prevalence rate increased by 1.88%, DALY value increased by 135 931.62 life years (with the rate of change as 93.08%) and standardized DALY rate increased by 5.92% among Chinese women, in 2016. Conclusion: Menopausal women were the ones hard hit by uterine fibrosis. Compared with data from 1990, the disease burden of uterine fibrosis increased rapidly in China, in 2016.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cost of Illness ; Disabled Persons ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/psychology* ; Middle Aged ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Young Adult

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of the host immune and inflammatory response against bacterial pathogens. In the present review, we discuss target genes, target gene functions, the potential regulatory role of miRNAs in periodontal tissues, and the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics. In periodontal disease, miRNAs exert control over all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including the functions of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and T and B cells. Previous human studies have highlighted some key miRNAs that are dysregulated in periodontitis patients. In the present study, we mapped the major miRNAs that were altered in our reproducible periodontitis mouse model relative to control animals. The miRNAs that were upregulated as a result of periodontal disease in both human and mouse studies included miR-15a, miR-29b, miR-125a, miR-146a, miR-148/148a and miR-223, whereas miR-92 was downregulated. The association of individual miRNAs with unique aspects of periodontal disease and their stability in gingival crevicular fluid underscores their potential as markers for periodontal disease progression or healthy restitution. Moreover, miRNA therapeutics hold great promise for the future of periodontal therapy because of their ability to modulate the immune response to infection when applied in conjunction with synthetic antagomirs and/or relatively straightforward delivery strategies.
Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; immunology ; Periodontal Diseases ; genetics ; immunology

Objective: To understand the situation related to health seeking and diagnosis of imported malaria and to provide practical measures for malaria elimination in Jiangsu province. Methods: Data on imported malaria cases in Jiangsu province was retrieved in CISDCP from 2014 to 2016. Relevant information on health seeking behavior, diagnosis and treatment of the disease was gathered. Results: A total of 1 068 imported cases were reported in Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2016. Except for one malaria case that was caused by blood transfusion, the rest patients were all recognized as 'imported'. Majority of the cases were migrant laborers working in African countries. The accurate rates on the diagnosis of ovale, vivax and quartan malaria and mixed infection were relatively low, as 79.3% (107/135), 29.5% (18/61), 52.9% (18/34) and 0.0% (0/2) at the primary health care settings, respectively. Rate of seeking health care on the same day of onset was more in 2015 than in 2014 and 2016 (χ(2)=18.6, P=0.001). While only 65.4% (699/1 068) of the patients were diagnosed correctly at the primary health care settings. There appeared no statistical difference in the 3-year-study period (χ(2)=5.4, P=0.246). Capacity on 'correct diagnosis' seemed stronger at the CDC than at the hospital levels (χ(2)=13.2, P=0.000; χ(2)=5.4, P=0.020). Totally, 72.7% (32/44) of the severe falciparum malaria cases did not immediately seek for health care when the symptoms started. Conclusions: Migrant workers returning from the high endemic malaria areas seemed to have poor awareness in seeking health care services. Capability on correct diagnosis for malaria at the primary health care settings remained unsatisfactory and staff from these settings needs to receive adequate training.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Malaria/transmission* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium/isolation & purification* ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Transients and Migrants ; Travel

Objective: On whole-genome scale, we tried to explore the correlation between obesity-related traits and DNA methylation sites, based on discordant monozygotic twin pairs. Methods: A total of 90 pairs of 6-17 year-old twins were recruited in Chaoyang district, Yanqing district and Fangshan district in Beijing in 2016. Information on twins was gathered through a self-designed questionnaire and results: from physical examination, including height, weight and waist circumference of the subjects under study. DNA methylation detection was chosen on the Illumina Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip. R 3.3.1 language was used to read the DNA methylation signal under quality control on samples and probes. Ebayes function of empirical Bayes paired moderated t-test was used to identify the differential methylated CpG sites (DMCs). VarFit function of empirical Bayes paired moderated Levene test was used to identify the differentially variables CpG sits (DVCs) in obese and normal groups. Results According to the obesity discordance criteria, we collected 23 pairs of twins (age range 7 to 16 years), including 12 male pairs. A total of 817 471 qualified CpG loci were included in the genome-wide correlation analysis. According to the significance level of FDR set as <0.05, no positive sites would meet this standard. When DMC CpG site cg05684382, with the smallest P value (1.26E-06) as on chromosome 12, the DVC CpG site cg26188191 with the smallest P value (6.44E-06) appeared in CMIP gene on chromosome 16. Conclusions: In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide DNA methylation and its correlation with obesity traits. After multiple testing corrections, no positive sites were found to have associated with obesity. However, results from the correlation analysis demonstrated sites cg05684382 (chr: 12) and cg26188191 (chr: 16) might have played a role in the development of obesity. This study provides a methodologic reference for the studies on discordance twins related problems.
Adolescent ; Bayes Theorem ; Beijing ; Body Weight ; Child ; DNA Methylation/genetics* ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/genetics* ; Twins, Monozygotic ; Waist Circumference

Objective: To evaluate the effect of high air temperature on diabetes mortality in six cities in China. Methods: Daily diabetes mortality and meteorological data were collected from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shenyang. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the association between high air temperature and diabetes mortality after controlling for the long-term trend and the effect of "day of week" . Results: The effect of high air temperature on diabetes mortality varied in different cities, the maximum cumulative relative risk of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou and Shenyang were 1.37 (lag 2 days), 1.32 (lag 0 days), 1.40 (lag 0 days), 1.26 (lag 2 days), 1.48 (lag 2 days) and 1.67 (lag 3 days). The daily diabetes death numbers were similar in men and women, but the death number in women were slightly higher than that in men, no gender specific characteristics were found. The death number was highest in age group 65-84 years, accounting for >60% of the total deaths, the difference was significant. Conclusion: The mortality of diabetes increased obviously in the context of high air temperature environment.
Air Pollution ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Diabetes Mellitus/mortality* ; Female ; Fever ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; Temperature ; Urban Population

Objective: To investigate the changes of proportion on both consistent condom use and syphilis infection among low-fee female sex workers aged 35 and above (LFSW), in order to provide evidence for targeted intervention strategies. Methods: A total of six cities-Liuzhou city and Pingnan couty of Guigang city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Jinghong city of Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture and Dali city of Dali Bai autonomous prefecture of Yunnan province, Zhangjiajie city and Jianghua Yao autonomous county of Yongzhou city Hunan province were involved in this study, with 60 eligible participants needed in each city, estimated through a pre-study. The first cross-sectional survey was completed from October 2012 to January 2013. Face-to-face questionnaire interview was carried out to collect information on socio-demography, work-related information and condom use situation. Blood was collected for syphilis testing. The second cross-sectional survey was carried out from June to September, 2015 under the same procedure. Results: A total of 371 and 403 eligible participants were included in the first and second survey, respectively. When comparing the two surveys, we noticed that the average age showed a slight change, from 42.4 years to 43.8 years old (t=3.537, P<0.001) and the average price for every commercial sex exchange increased from 36.8 RMB to 49.5 RMB (t=11.961, P<0.001). In the first survey, 46.9% (174/371) of the participants had more than two years of experience working as LFSW, compared to 61.3% (247/403) in the second survey (χ(2)=16.125, P<0.001). Also, 46.9% (174/371) of the participants consistently used condoms with clients in the past month in the first survey versus 64.3% (259/403) (χ(2)=23.641, P<0.001) in the second one. Rates of syphilis infection were found from 15.9% (59/371) in the first survey reduced to 7.2% (29/403) in the second survey (χ(2)=14.533, P<0.001). Conclusion: Compared with the first survey, the proportion of consistent condoms use showed an increase. Although the proportion of syphilis infection decreased in the second survey, the scope did not meet the criteria on syphilis, set by the government. Targeted intervention strategies on condom promotion and syphilis control should be implemented consistently in this population.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Condoms/trends* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Safe Sex ; Sex Work ; Sex Workers ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis/prevention & control* ; Syphilis Serodiagnosis